Upload
others
View
27
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
DECOMMISSIONING OFFSHORE
2
INTRODUCTION
• De nombreuses plateformes arrivent en fin de vie en mer du Nord• Il s’agit principalement de plateformes fixes, posées sur jacket• Le décommissioning de ces plateformes est nécessaire• Le décommissioning passe par:
- Le bouchage et l’abandon des puits (Plug & Abandonment) - La désinstallation des Topsides- La désinstallation du jacket
• L’objet de cette présentation de présenter le décommissioning des plateformes fixes dans ces grandes lignes avec une illustration du Projet Gaviota
3
INTRODUCTION
Topsides
Jacket
Puits
4
Localisation des Plateformes fixes
2,6432,643
490490
380380950950
700700
340340
Au Royaume Uniseulement on a:
- 260 plateformes- 2.4M T d’acier- 5 000 puits ont été forés
- 930 à abandoner d’ici 2020- 58% à partir de plateformes fixes
Estimation du marché du Décommissioning
(Mer du Nord)
$70 Milliards
5
BOUCHAGE ET ABANDON DE PUITS
Pendant toute opération liée à un puits, il faut toujours avoir deux barrières de sécurité:- Première barrière: isole la formation- Deuxième barrière: back up de la première
Dans le cas d’un abandon, il faut positionner ces barrière le plus près possible de la source.
Les barrières doivent être testées et leur intégrité dans le temps assurée.
Toutes les zones perméables doivent être isolées les unes des autres et de la surface par au moins une barrière,
6
ABANDON DE PUITS
- Tête de puits et tube conducteur enlevés.
- Tubing de production enlevé- Casing de production coupé- Bridge plug et plug de ciments mis
en place- Casing intermédiaire fraisé
Principales fonctions requises par un « RIG » d’abandon de puits:
- Levage: enlèvement des casings, tête de puits…
- Pompage: Pompage de ciment
- Rotation: Découpe des tubes
Un « RIG » de forage classique a toutes ces fonctions mais est surdimensionné en puissance
7
ABANDON DE PUITSQUESTION: Faut-il utiliser le « RIG » en place moyennant une réhabilitation ou bien installer une nouvelle unité dédiée à l’abandon de puits ?
Exemple de petite unité pour l’abandon de puits en mer du Nord
Stockage de fluides
Pompage
Levage
Rotation
Manipulation des tubulaires
8
Projet Gaviota: Réhabilitation d’un platform rigGénéralités sur la plate-forme:
• Découverte d’une réserve de gaz• Découverte d’une réserve de gaz1980• Construction de la plateforme• Construction de la plateforme1984-85• Reconversion en stockage de gaz• Reconversion en stockage de gaz1994• Rénovation de l’appareil de forage• Rénovation de l’appareil de forage2014-15• Opérations de Work-Over• Opérations de Work-Over2015
9
Projet Gaviota
Principaux challenges :
� Appareil de forage âgé de plus de 30 ans: pièces de rechange et compétences associées parfois difficiles à trouver
� Environnement difficile, Logistique offshore� SIMOPS: production en cours pendant les travaux de rénovation� Re-certification de vieux équipements (derrick de forage, outils de levage…)� Corrosion importante
Rénovation de l’appareil de forage pour des opérations de maintenance de puits.
10
Projet Gaviota
Avant Après
Driller Control Room
11
Projet Gaviota
Avant
Après
Remise en état du treuil de forage
12
Projet Gaviota
Avant
Après
Surface boue
13
Projet Gaviota
Avant AprèsEquipement divers
14
Projet Gaviota
Avant Après
Piping
15
Projet Gaviota
Avant AprèsPompes à boue
16
Projet GaviotaOpérations de Workover
Résumés des opérations:
� Remontée de l’ancien tubage de production� Nettoyage du puits� Diagraphie à l’aide d’une sonde� Descente d’un nouveau tubage de production� Perforation� Test du puits en pression
17
DESINSTALLATION TOPSIDE
Heavy Lift Vessel
Après l’abandon des puits, les topsides peuvent être démantelées
� Nettoyage des Topsides� Démantèlement des équipements à la grue� Ou désinstallation en une seule pièce par floatover ou grue
18
Désinstallation du jacket
La règle commune est que tout doit être enlevé.
Des études sont cependant autorisées pour déterminer si tout enlever est une solution viable.
Pour les vieilles plateformes de forage, se pose la question des cuttingsde forage accumulés au pieds du jacket.
Les pattes du jackets sont coupées (coupeuses diamant, découpe jet d’eau…).
Le jacket est enlevé soit à la grue, soit avec des buoyancy tanks additionnels.
Cuttings de forage
19
Désinstallation du jacket
Buoyancy tanksVB 10000
SSV Semi-Submersible Vessel
20
Pioneering SpiritCaractéristiques du navire :
- 382m de long- 571 membres d’équipage- Vitesse maximale : 14knots- Capacité en levage de structure deplateforme : 25 000T
- Charge max du pont: 27 000T- Puissance max installée : 95,000 kW
Etapes d’enlèvement d’une plateforme fixe:
MERCI
OFFSHORE DECOMMISSIONING
& DELIVERING UK EPRD
Disposing of Assets Safely & Cost EfficientlyCraig Nicol
LET US TAKE IT APART FOR YOU
Agenda
• The Decommissioning Market
• Ports and Services required in Oil & Gas Decommissioning Pro jects
• Recycling and re-using assets
• Case studies
• Collaboration & Extending the Scope
• Close
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Global Offshore Decommissioning Market - Introduction
• Fastest growing offshore decommissioning market• Mature fields and high spending in the North Sea• Cessation of major oil fields• Excellent regulatory framework• $71bn investment from O&G authority in the UK
Europe
• Second largest offshore market• Maturing Oil fields in GOM• Increasing number of platforms for decommissioning each year• Smaller structures in general more conventional dismantling
North America
• Huge decommissioning growth potential • Rise in ageing assets and mature fields• Indonesia and Malaysia will increase decommissioning necessity• Middle east Offshore prolonged O&G activities & production
Asia Pacific
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
The Market – North Sea
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
UK CNS • 19 Platforms & 9 FPSO vessels are forecast for complete or partial
removal• 2 are small steel structures < 4,000tonnes while the remainder are large
steel structures between 4,500 -56,600 tonnes
UK NNS & West of Shetland • 12 Platforms & 2 FPSO vessels are expected to be decommissioned• 4 gravity based and the remainder are large steel installations weighing
between 15,400 – 70,000 tonnes
UK SNS & Irish Sea• Of the 67 platforms forecast for removal , only six of these weigh more
than 4,000 tonnes with the majority being small, steel, unmannedinstallations that are likely to be removed by single-lift.
• Platform weights range from 350 tonnes to 9,200 tonnes (1,900 tonnes onaverage).
NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF • Operators forecast that 14 fixed platforms and 2 FPUs will be removed by
2025.• Total platform weights range from 4,000 to 30,000 tonnes (12,000 tonnes
on average).
DANISH CONTINENTAL SHELF • 17 platforms , four of which are normally unmanned installations, are to be
removed from the Danish Continental Shelf.• Platform sizes range from 970 tonnes to 22,100 tonnes (5,700 tonnes on
average).
DUTCH CONTINENTAL SHELF • Of the 150 platforms remaining in the Dutch North Sea, 77 are forecast for
removal by 2025.• Looking at the total inventory offshore in The Netherlands, the platforms
range from small wellhead structures weighing just 500 tonnes to largergravity-based structures of around 50,000 tonnes.
UK CS
Norwegian CS
Danish CS
Dutch CS
The Market – North Sea
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
The Market – Africa
• Currently, an estimated 867 offshore platforms,
• 877 subsea wells
• 15,000km of offshore pipelines are installed in the sub-Saharan African region.
• Large proportion of infrastructure is relativelynew,
• A significant proportion is ageing, will require removal in the mid-term.
• Of the 867 offshore platforms,219 were installed pre-1980, with others installed even earlier.
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
The Market – Asia Pacific
1,645 of the offshore structures are fixed jackets (95%), 50 are FPSOs (2.89%), 33 TLPs (1.9%), and theremaining 38 consist of different types of structures.
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
The Market – Gulf of Mexico
Expected decommissioning schedule for floating structures, 2022-2053
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
The Market – Summary
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Current Market Position
LET US TAKE IT APART FOR YOU
North Sea Presence
“Veolia have strategically
positioned their facilities around
the North Sea CS to ensure we
offer a competitive disposal route
for all disposal requirements.”
Simon Davies – Veolia ES –
General Manager
LET US TAKE IT APART FOR YOU
Facility Location Considerations
• Accessible location
• Fully permitted site
• Local infrastructures
• Local supply chain/services
• Skilled workforce
• Disposal facilities
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Operational considerations
Single Lift Reverse Engineering Piece Small
The topsides and/or jacket are removed in one piece and transported to the decommissioningyard. Reverse Float over is a similar alternative.
Whole modules are removed in the reverse of the installation sequence and loaded on to flat-top barges or a crane vessel for transport to the decommissioning yard.
The installation is dismantled offshore by cutting or dismantling into small sections that are shipped onshore in containers.
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Operational considerations
SPMT Trailers Skidding Systems
Vessel Transfers Floating
LET US TAKE IT APART FOR YOU.
Veolia-Peterson are currently market leaders in Ons hore receipt & disposal activities, including:
In-House infrastructure and services for Onshore Di sposal
Marine Services & Logistics
Onshore Crane & Rigging Services
Supply Base Operations
CleaningServices
Demolition and Deconactivities
Norm treatment
and disposal
HP JettingServices
Recycling and Resales
Expertise
All of these services are supplied internally by Veolia Industrial Services
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Internal Disposal Routes
Ellesmere Port HTI
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Linear = Waste = Missed opportunities
Circular = Optimising resources = Added benefits
Circular Economy
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Case Studies
Completed Projects (2006 – Present)
Title DateWeight
(Tonnes)
Total Frigg MCP 01 MSF 2006 - 2009 19000
Shell Indefatigable 2009 -2011 12000
Norpipe Booster Pipe 2009 2600
HESS Subsea IVRR and FFFA 2011 - 2015 16000
Northern UKCS Subsea Materials 2014 -2016 5000
CNR Murchison Conductors 2016 4600
West of Shetland UKCS Materials 2014 - 2016 13500
72,700
Committed Projects (Present – 2019)
Title DateWeight
(Tonnes)
Talisman YME Platform 2016 14000Southern UKCS Topsides & Jackets 2017-2019 40000Respol Buchan Alpha FPU 2017 - 2018 12500Northern UKCS Subsea Materials 2016 - 2019 2000West of Shetland UKCS Subsea Materials 2016 - 2019 300 0
71500
FACTS:
• Veolia-Peterson has Received and Disposed of over 80,000mT
• Completed Projects Average = 8,000 tonnes per year
FACTS:
• Committed Projects Average = 35,750 tonnes per year
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Case Study: Repsol YME Disposal
Client: SBM
Scope of Work: Load-in of single lifted structure (14,000mT), decontamination, demolition and disposal at VP’s Norway base.
Contract Value: £9,500,000
Dates: 2016 to 2017
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
YME Asset Resale Opportunities
Accommodation Module
Gas Turbines
Platform Cranes
Process Valves
Fire Water Systems
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Case Study: Shell Leman Disposal
Client: Boskalis
Scope of Work: Load-in of Southern North Sea Assets (2000mT) decontamination, demolition and disposal at VP’s Great Yarmouth base.
Contract Value: £2,500,000
Dates: 2017 to Present
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Case Study: Repsol Buchan Alpha
Client: Repsol
Scope of Work: Recipt and disposal of 12,500mT structure alongside within Dales Voe Facility
Contract Value: £8,600,000
Dates: 2017 to Present
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Business Development & Future Aspirations
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Business Development & Future Aspirations
• Onshore engineering
• Offloading the platform on yard
• Cutting in pieces
• Recording materials
• Segregation of materials
• Clean contaminated materials
• Treat and disposal of hazardous waste & NORM
• Recycling / reuse
• Trading scrap metal and other recycling materials
• Transport and disposal of non-recyclable waste
• Environmental Account Report
Preparing the platform and Pipelines:
• Safety Access
• Abandonment and plugging of connected pipelines and wells
• Overall platform inspection
• Cleaning & decontaminat’n of topsides to make free from hydrocarbons and hazardous waste (e.g. Asbestos)
• Weighing
• Obtaining permits and approvals
• Decom. plan
• Platform closing down
• Wells P&A work
• Pipeline & subsea decom.
• Hook down
• FEED (Front End Engineering Design) / design competition
• Project management / project control
• Stakeholder engagement
• Detailed engineering and planning
• Removing the topsides, steel jacket and concrete base,
• lifting and transportation to shore
• Site clearance and verification (area free of obstructions)
• Maintenance and monitoring program for any facilities that remain
Platform Hot to Cold Engineering Offshore
Activities
Removal & Marine
Operations
Onshore Demolition, Recycling &
Trading
Site Remediation Monitoring
EPRD process
LET US TAKE IT APART FROM YOU
Single Lift Reverse Engineering Piece Small
The topsides and/or jacket are removed in one piece and transported to the decommissioningyard. Reverse Float over is a similar alternative.
Whole modules are removed in the reverse of the installation sequence and loaded on to flat-top barges or a crane vessel for transport to the decommissioning yard.
The installation is dismantled offshore by cutting or dismantling into small sections that are shipped onshore in containers.
EPRD How?
LET US TAKE IT APART FOR YOU
To Close
Key lessons along the way…..
• Close analysis on estimating norms• Predicting market movement• Strategic alliances with removal contractors and as set owners• Transferring skills across the lifecycle of a decom missioning
project• True Collaboration is Key!
© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Bureau Veritas, Marine & Offshore Division
Circular economy approach to decommissioning
18th of January [email protected]
2Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Special acknowledgement
► To my collegue Sophie Theys, very active at SPE France and contributor to this presentation
► To NGO Zero Waste Scotland which kindly accepted to discuss the findings and recommendations published in
3Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Our linear view of Oil & Gas assets
Discovery: develop efficiently, quickly
Development: Grow production
Mid-life: Maximize production
Mature: Minimize unit costs
Redevelopment: Seek additional production
Decommission: Satisfy regulatory requirements
Pro
duct
ion
Discovery Development Mid-Life Mature Redevelopment Decommission
Phase, Operational Factor
4Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Principles of circular economy
BS 8001-2017: Framework for implementing the principles of the circular economy in organizations - Guide
Preferred to less preferred option
Systemic approach to the design of business models, enabling the sustainaiblemanagement of resources in products and services
© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Circular economy approach to O&G upstream assets
6Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Decommissioning today
Well Plugging & Abandonment
Conductor Removal
Platform Removal
Pipeline and cable
Site Clearance
Materials Disposal
For permanent abandonmentof wells – make nearly 50% of the costs of decommissioning
Severing or removing casing fromthe well - requires quite a bit of lifting operations
Cleaning and removing all production and pipeline risers supported by the platform
Into a scrap yard, fabrication yard or as an artificial reef site
Severing all bottom-foundedcomponents at a distance below the mudline
Ensure that no debris or potentialobstructions remain to other users of the area; this includes drill cuttingpiles
7Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Decommissioning structures today: some stats
► From O&G UK Decommissioning Report Insight 2017 – Forecast across the North Sea 2017 to 2025
UK CS NorwayCS
DanishCS
Dutch CS
Total
# of fields withdecommissioning activity
214 23 6 106 349
# of platformsfor removal
98 14 17 17 206
Topsidesstructures to be removed
541,328 123,205 75,602 119,665 859,800
Substructures to be removed
249,658 115,176 58,502 84,502 507,938
Subseainfrastructures to be removed
49,373 2,555 590 1,385 53,903
Total tonnage comingonshore
840,359 240, 936 134,794 205,552 1,421,641
For steel& concretestructures
8Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Decommissioning steel structures today: the facts
► UK OGA statement about re-use on UKCS (at a recent conference)
� Very little re-use cases of jacket structures
� Almost no re-use of topsides process equipment because the supply chain is not ready (editorial note: maybe a scrap instead of re-use mindset)
► But UK OGA (Decom Team) has on his Decommissioning Roadmap the responsibility to study Best Practise and Re-use Options
► Very anecdotic cases of re-use
► Other stats:
� Less than 3% by weight is re-used
� 95 to 97% cut up onshore locally then shipped outside the EU due to lack of local capacity, Turkey typically, then recycled as raw material
� The raw material (lower grade, low quality steel) is transformed in 3rd countries but there’s a lack of traceabilty
9Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
O&G Perspective – Perceptions & Barriers for adopting circular economy► Preference for buying new seen as better and safer
► Non-standard build of assets / custom equipment
► Re-using material on O&G assets seen as risky
� Health & Safety
� Condition of equipment and product / need to inspect or recertify (costs)
� Insurance concerns
► Few past industry cases hence no one wishes to be first
► Environmental remediation, testing and re-certification can exceed the costs of acquiring new
10Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Actual Barriers to Circular Economy
► Suitability of materials for re-use (quality, condition)
► Lack of documentation on some decommissioned equipment hence increasing efforts in testing
► EU Directive on Construction Products since 1st July 2014 with CE Marking requirement hence a more challenging re-use market
► Silos between offshore and onshore
► Organizational barriers – supply chain readiness for topsides dismantling
► Lack of detailed studies on re-use potential vs market size for many offshore equipment, pipelines, power cables, valves, vessels, compressors, pumps, lifting, concrete mattress, accommodation blocks, helidecks, subsea wellheads, tubing / casing, etc.
11Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Decommissioning legacies in North East Atlantic
► OSPAR Decision 98/3 “Disposal of disused offshore installations”
� Uncertainties: lack of detailed studies on the impacts (including long term) of leaving structures in place or sinking them after removal
► Concrete Gravity Based Structures (eligible for derogation)
� 10 millions tonnes installed 1970-1990
� 27 structures: 12 each in UK & Norway
� Typically 300,00 tonnes or 10 times the heaviest jackets
� 0,5 million truck loads if recovered to shore
� Weight and size far exceeds any available lifting vessel notwithstanding draft exceeding deepest harbours
� Uncertainties on concrete material service life or durability
12Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Other interesting initiatives in the North Sea
13Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
The way forward to the decommissioning of the future► Benchmark re-use practices even standards in design, in
preparation for cessation of operations and decommissioning with other sectors
Mining
Nuclear
Automotive (*)
Aircraft (*)
Though mass produced
► O&G Industry to join forces in order to:� Define re-use standards / guidance in projects� Define re-use standards / guidance in operations, namely in
preparation of end of life� Engage with DNS, ZWS, OGTC
14Circular economy in decommissioning _ 18 th January 2018© - Copyright Bureau Veritas
Decommissioning of Tomorrow is almost there in the UKCS► Integrating all stakeholders
► Pre-decommissioning audit for the inventory of materials and equipment with identification of testing / certification needs
► Life cycle analysis
► Net Environmental Benefit Assessment
► Materials e-platform (for steel structures)
► Share-exchange hub with other industry markets (construction, transport, utilities, etc.)
► Innovative reward-base contract fostering re-use
BUT WHAT ABOUT OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD?
© - Copyright Bureau Veritas