DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA AND INDIA

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Essential Question:What was decolonization and how did decolonization impact India?

The Post-World War II World What will happen in world history in the years after World War II (1945 to today)? Examine the next four images and make a prediction about what will happen in the world after World War II (with exception to the Cold War)

Nations in India, Southeast Asia, and Africa gained independence from

imperialists (decolonization)

After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, China adopted some capitalist reforms

but the government still strictly controlled personal liberties

Trade became more global (known as globalism) as technology expands,

markets grow, and corporations became dominant business organizations

Ethnic conflicts, genocide, and terrorism increased throughout the world

Nationalism– the loyalty to a group with whom one shares a common history, culture, and/or religion.

■ Nationalism in India began■ in the 1800s.■ Indians did not like being under British colonial rule

because:– They were treated badly– British got the best jobs– British got the best education– Indian craftsmen were not allowed to run traditional businesses because they would compete with British businesses.

Example

■All Indian cotton had to be shipped to Britain then made into cloth. Cloth making was a traditional job in India.■Finished products would be shipped

back to India to be purchased.

Two groups fighting for Indian rights

1. Indian National Congress (1885) – mainly made up of Hindus Indians.

2. Muslim League (1906) - Islamic Indians.As the groups better organized they began

to call for independence

Rowlatt Act

■Indians could be sent to jail for 2 years without a trial.■Protestors of British rule were

arrested under the Act.

Amristar Massacre

■In April 1919, British troops fired on a large group of protestors.■400 were killed and 1200 wounded.■This united ALL Indian citizens to call

for total independence.

During World War I, India sent troops to fight with the

British against the Central Powers in Europe

The British government promised Indians

self-rule as a reward for participating in WWI

When World War I ended and self-rule was not granted, nationalism and demands for

independence from Britain increased in India

Mohandas Gandhi

emerged as the leader of

the Indian independence movement in

the 1920s

Gandhi urged Indians to use non-violent means to

achieve their goals

Gandhi’s tactics included deliberately breaking unfair British laws (called civil disobedience)

Gandhi encouraged peaceful protests and boycotting British goods in order to

hurt the British colonial economy

Civil Disobedience

■Gandhi’s non-violent refusal to obey an unfair law. –Boycott British made goods–Refuse to attend 2nd class schools–Refuse to pay unfair taxes.

■Civil Disobedience began to effect the British economy.

TitleBut, self-rule created tensions between the Hindu majority

and the Muslim minority, who feared giving power to Hindus

In 1935, Britain granted India limited self-rule but not total

independence

When World War II broke out, Britain committed Indian troops to the war without

asking India’s self-governing assembly

This led to protests and

renewed calls for independence from Britain

When World War II ended in 1945, Britain was in deeply in debt and ready to grant

India its independenceAfter WWII, India was no

longer as profitable as it once was for Britain; also, Britain was in no shape to

fight after WWII and could not put down an

Indian rebellion

Title■ Text

In 1947, Britain agreed to a partition

(division) of India and granted

independence to two nations: India

and Pakistan

India was a nation made up largely of Hindus

Pakistan was dominated by Muslims (East Pakistan later became Bangladesh)

But, violence between Hindus and Muslims made granting independence difficult

During the partition, ten million people relocated; violence broke out, leaving one

million dead, including Gandhi; he was assassinated by a fellow Hindu in 1949

The Hindu assassin opposed Gandhi trying to achieve equality for ALL Indians, both

Hindus and Muslims

Title■ Text

In 1947, India became the world’s most populated democratic nation;

Jawaharlal Nehru was elected India’s first prime minister

Nehru emphasized democracy, unity, and

modernizing India

Under Nehru, women and lower caste

Hindus gained rights

In the Cold War, India was a leader among non-aligned nations

Title■ Text

In 1966, Nehru’s daughter, Indira Gandhi, was elected

prime minister; she was also assassinated

Title■ Text

The violence in India and Pakistan is mainly due to religious and cultural differences between

Hindus and Muslims; the after-effects of British rule only made these conflicts worse

Mahatma Gandhi

BrainPop

■https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/mahatmagandhi/

**Review Quiz and Activity at the end of Video**

Crash Course Video

■ Decolonization and Nationalism

■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_sGTspaF4Y

Group Activity

■Create an Acrostic Poem on INDIA■**Remember, each verse must be

about the topic!