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DECENTRALIZED AND INTEGRATED RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTERS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:
By Do Thi Thanh HuyenCountry Director
Enda Vietnam
ISWA World Congress 2013Vienna
EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS LEARNT FROM QUY NHON, VIETNAM
OUTLINEOUTLINE
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Quy Nhon city
Population: 300,000
Area: 284 km²
Overview – Solid Waste Management
Total waste generation: 216 tons per day
Per capita waste generation: 0.72 kg per day
Collection rate: 86%
Organic waste: 61%
Main challenges
Existing landfill to reach capacity and scarcity for land for additional landfills
High budget spending on SWM with very little revenues derived
Existing large scale compost plant operating way below capacity, processing mixed waste
Background and context
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IRRC Project in Quy Nhon, Vietnam
A pilot IRRC was set up in 2007 in Nhon Phu ward of Quy Nhon city to process waste in a decentralized manner with community participation
IRRC, Nhon Phu Compost bags, IRRC Organic farm, IRRC
The IRRC in Nhon Phu:
has a capacity to process 2-3 tons of solid waste per day
provides waste collection services to the entire neighborhood
covering 800 households, 2 small markets and commercial shops4
IRRC Project Implementation
ENDA
People’s Commitee
UN ESCAP
WASTE CONCERN
Community mobilization activities
Capacity building and training activities
Project implementation and monitoring in coordination with all relevant stakeholders
Provide land for IRRC
Regulations/directives for collection fee and source separation
Provide grant and technical support to implement the project
Provide technical designs and support for implementation and operation
Provide training to project staff and government officials
The IRRC project in Quy Nhon is implemented by ENDA Vietnam (NGO)
with support from other partners.
PARTNERS Key Responsibilites
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IRRC Operations
The IRRC in Quy Nhon is managed and operated by a workers
cooperative. The operations are financially sustainable and the profits generated are shared between the workers.
Cooperative with six female members
Income streams of the IRRC
Sale of compost
Sale of recyclables
Collection fee
Packed compost bags for sale
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Waste sorting at source – Planning with communities participation
PRA survey and planning, Quy Nhơn
30/08/2013 7
Implementation of waste sorting at source with stakeholders participation
Inorganic wasteOrganic waste
Set up communicators
team and provide training
Conduct propaganda and Integrated
behavior change communication (IBCC)
activities
Waste sorting at non-household and
household
Separately collected and transported
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Integrated behavior change communication IBCC activities
Conduct group communication at market
Workshop to kick off the program by the City leaders
Sign board set up in key area
Poster is placed in waste transfer points Banner in the household area 9
Key Results
Social
Better income by creating stable jobs provided to urban poor women
Enhanced public health and hygiene
Better working conditions to laborers through use of protective gear
Raise community awareness of “waste is a resource”
Economic
Environmental
Clean neighborhoods and improved urban environment due to regular waste collection services
Nearly 400 tons organic waste diverted from the landfill on a monthly basis saving landfill space thanks to city-wide source-separation programme
360 tons of organic waste brought to the large scale compost plant monthly
35 tons of waste handled and processed monthly in Nhon Phu IRRC and converted into valuable resources such as compost and recyclables
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The city of Quy Nhon is extending
source separation of waste at city
wide scale. 35 tons organic waste
daily is delivered to large scale
compost plant.
A transfer station has been built in
Nhon Ly commune in Quy Nhon
to recover valuable waste from
the mixed waste stream.
Key Impact
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Wastes sorting at source was expanded to city and reduced disposal of 360 tons monthly
35 tons of organic waste processed at
IRRC monthly
5 tons of compost produced monthly
at IRRC12
The IRRC model is replicated in Kon Tum
collects waste from 1700 households and one main market
The city of Kon Tum has implemented an IRRC with the support of
ENDA, UN ESCAP and Waste Concern. The IRRC began
operations in November 2012 and:
has a capacity to process 5 tons of waste on a daily basis
Source separation in market
Source separation in households
Population: 150,767
Area: 432.12 km²
Total waste generation: 91 tons/day
Waste collection: 60-65 tons/day
Organic waste: 65%
Kon Tum
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Lessons Learnt
1. Source separation is a key factor for the success of the project
2. Financial sustainability – various factors to be considered
3. Community ownership and mobilization of resources
4. Advocate for both resource contribution and to bridge policy gaps
5. Participation and commitment of key stakeholders
6. Gender mainstreaming and social cohesion for waste workers
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Conclusions
• The model is feasible and appropriate for small communities in neighborhoods and suburban area of the cities, highly recommended for replication.
• Raise public awareness for changing perceptions and attitudes towards waste and waste workers
• SWM projects run by urban poor are recognized and supported by local governments and can be run in a profitable way offering valuable services to the community
• Creating ownership among the workers through cooperatives contributes to better performance, accountability and long term sustainability
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Way forward
Networking for replication and up scale
Integrate with the current community development fund activities for effectiveness and sustainability
Promote 3R and source separation of waste at city wide level involving all actors, especially the private sector through CSR
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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