Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis Grace York University of Michigan October 2003

Decennial CensusDecennial CensusA Base for Community A Base for Community

AnalysisAnalysis

Grace YorkGrace York

University of MichiganUniversity of Michigan

October 2003October 2003

Survey of the United States Survey of the United States population every 10 yearspopulation every 10 years

Mandated by ConstitutionMandated by Constitution

Purpose: reapportionment Purpose: reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of of 435 seats in the House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

Census History Census History

Total population, race, sex Total population, race, sex in 1790in 1790Feeble-minded in 1840-Feeble-minded in 1840-18901890Income first asked in 1940Income first asked in 1940Televisions surveyed, 1950-Televisions surveyed, 1950-7070Detailed ancestry Detailed ancestry beginning 1980beginning 1980Multiple races and Multiple races and grandparents as caregivers grandparents as caregivers in 2000in 2000

Census Questions Census Questions Vary Over Time Vary Over Time

Reflects changes in society

In 1990 and 2000 Congress wanted to reduce paperwork

Grid of questions, 1790-2000http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf


Public health professionals identify vulnerable populations for chronic disease

Urban planners identify zoning, housing, sewage, and transportation issues

Social workers conduct needs assessments for services to the elderly, poor, children

Practical Applications Practical Applications for Census Data for Census Data

Marketers target likely buyers

Politicians use the census to determine voting districts and to assess constituent interests

Environmentalists map the spread of toxic effluents and population densities


Occupation by age, race, and sex for equal employment opportunity

Librarians base collection development policy on community characteristcs

Mayors use numbers to apply for federal grants.

Undercount costs money – the reason for lawsuitsRacial minorities and undocumented aliensShould missionaries be counted as U.S. residents


Outline of Outline of PresentationPresentation

Census QuestionnaireCensus Questionnaire Census GeographyCensus Geography Reference MapsReference Maps Census DataCensus Data Thematic MappingThematic Mapping Historic DataHistoric Data

Reference ToolsReference Tools

Census ToolkitCensus Toolkithttp://www.lib.http://www.lib.umichumich..eduedu//govdocsgovdocs/census2//census2/centoolcentool..pdfpdf

Historic Census QuestionsHistoric Census Questionshttp://www.lib.http://www.lib.umichumich..eduedu//govdocsgovdocs/census2//census2/censubjcensubj..pdfpdf

2000 2000 QuestionnairesQuestionnaires

100% and Sample100% and Sample

100% Questionnaire Age Sex Race (Multiple) Hispanic origin Household relationship Occupied v. vacant housing units Owner v. renter occupied

housing

Primary Uses of Short Form Data

Race and sex for single years of age to 99; three groups after 100

Most detail by race (250 groups total)

Race Groups in Race Groups in 20002000

WhiteWhite Black or African-AmericanBlack or African-American American Indian or Alaskan NativeAmerican Indian or Alaskan Native AsianAsian Hawaiian or Pacific IslanderHawaiian or Pacific Islander OtherOther Two or More RacesTwo or More Races

(Based on Self-Identification)(Based on Self-Identification)

Individual RacesIndividual Races

Some files break the 6 racial groups into 250 specific categories

Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis

Israelis, Arabs, Iranians and Afghanis are considered as white (broken out as ancestry in sample data)

Racial definitions appear at:

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf

HispanicHispanic

Not considered a raceCan be Hispanic and any race

Breakdowns in some tables• Cuban• Puerto Rican• Mexican• Spanish• Various Latin American Countries

Calculating Calculating MinoritiesMinorities

Subtract White Non-Hispanic from White Alone Subtract White Non-Hispanic from White Alone to get White Hispanic; then add WH and to get White Hispanic; then add WH and WNH to other racesWNH to other races

OROR

Subtract White, Non-Hispanic from total Subtract White, Non-Hispanic from total

population to get total minority populationpopulation to get total minority population

Total Michigan 9,938444Total Michigan 9,938444

White Non-Hispanic -7,806,691White Non-Hispanic -7,806,691

Minority = 2,131,753Minority = 2,131,753

New Race Category in New Race Category in 20002000

Respondents could choose up to Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgroundsSIX racial backgrounds

Typical mixed race is 2-3% of Typical mixed race is 2-3% of populationpopulation

Race data not necessarily Race data not necessarily comparable with previous comparable with previous censusescensuses

Household Household RelationshipsRelationships

Relationship to Relationship to HouseholderHouseholder

Spouse Child Stepchild Grandchild Brother/Sister Parent Non-relative Unmarried partner is separate

category

Group QuartersGroup Quarters

College dormsCollege dorms PrisonsPrisons Mental hospitalsMental hospitals Shelters for abused Shelters for abused

spousesspouses Military barracksMilitary barracks Nursing homesNursing homes

100% Questionnaire Data Reports

Pre-Tabulated Data

Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex data to the smallest geographies, block and block group

Summary File 2 – same data by 250 races to neighborhood (tract) level

2000 Sample 2000 Sample QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

(generally 1/6 of population)

Marital status, housing value and Marital status, housing value and rent rent (100% in 1990)(100% in 1990)

Grandparents as caregivers Grandparents as caregivers (new)(new)

AncestryAncestry LanguageLanguage Country of originCountry of origin School enrollment and School enrollment and

educational attainment (and educational attainment (and dropouts)dropouts)

2000 Sample 2000 Sample QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

EmploymentEmployment Industry and occupationIndustry and occupation Transportation to and place of Transportation to and place of

workwork Disability and mental illnessDisability and mental illness Veteran statusVeteran status Income and povertyIncome and poverty

Sample Data ProductsSample Data Products

Pre-Tabulated Data

Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing characteristics to census tract or block group level

Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3 for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract level

Public Use Microdata Samples

(not on Factfinder)

Samples of the samples at 1% and 5% levels

Create your own tables using raw data

For 2000 currently requires statistical package such as SAS, SPSS, STATA

Larger geographies: states, metro-areas, PUMAS and super PUMAS

(contact JoAnn Dionne - [email protected] - about access and alternative software programs)

Special Tabulations (not on Factfinder)

School District Data File (Available)

Sample data for children, parents and families with school-age children for school districts

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sdds/index.asp

Equal Employment Opportunity File

(Fall 2003)

Sex and race for 472 occupational groups for places of 50,000+

http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/eeoindex.html

Special Tabulations(not on Factfinder)

Census Transportation Planning (In Progress)

Commuting and place of work data for counties, minor civil divisions, and traffic analysis zones http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/commuting.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/mcdworkerflow.html

http://www.trbcensus.com/

Special Tabulation on Aging (2004)

Sample data cross-tabulated by age for people 55+ for places of 2500+

Importance of 100% and Importance of 100% and Sample SurveysSample Surveys

100% and sample data on the same subject (e.g. race, age, total pop, housing) don’t always match

• Ann Arbor 100% = 114,024; Sample = 114,110• If one variable comes from sample data, try to

get all variables from sample data

Only 100% data used at block level• Sample data to only to tract or block group

level

Larger the area, the more detailed the subject variables

Census GeographyCensus Geography

Legal AreasLegal Areas

Nation State Counties Cities Townships Congressional

Districts School Districts

Census GeographyCensus Geography

Census-Designated AreasCensus-Designated Areas

Metropolitan Statistical Area Urbanized Area and Urban

Cluster Census Tract Block Group Block Zip Code Tabulation Area PUMAS/Super-PUMAS Traffic Analysis Zones

Census Geography Census Geography MapMap

Urban AreasUrban AreasUrbanized = Densely settled area, 50,000+

Urban Cluster = Densely settled area,

2500-50,000; can be outside metro area

South Central Michigan has a surprising number of urban clusters

Metropolitan Statistical Metropolitan Statistical AreaArea

•Central city of 50,000 or more •Its own county, and •Surrounding counties with heavy commuting patterns

Metropolitan Area Metropolitan Area DefinitionsDefinitions

Metropolitan Statistical AreaMetropolitan Statistical Area - - stand-alone metro areastand-alone metro area

Primary Metropolitan Statistical Primary Metropolitan Statistical AreaArea - - metro area which is component of metro area which is component of larger metropolitan arealarger metropolitan area

Consolidated Metropolitan Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical AreaStatistical Area - - two or more two or more contiguous metropolitan areascontiguous metropolitan areas

Detroit Consolidated Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical AreaMetropolitan Statistical Area

1990

Lapeer Livingston

Detroit PMSA Macomb

Monroe

Oakland

St. Clair

Wayne

Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw

2000

Lapeer Macomb

Detroit PMSA Monroe

Oakland

St. Clair

Wayne

Lenawee

Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston

Washtenaw

Flint PMSA Genesee

Detroit Metropolitan AreaDetroit Metropolitan Area2000-20032000-2003

Detroit Metropolitan AreaDetroit Metropolitan Area2000-20032000-2003

MSA DefinitionsMSA Definitions

This is very complicatedThis is very complicated

Just consult the Just consult the definitions when you definitions when you need them need them

http://www.census.gov/population/wwhttp://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/w/estimates/

metrodefmetrodef.html.html

Census TractsCensus Tracts

Areas of about 4000 peopleAreas of about 4000 people Approximate neighborhoodsApproximate neighborhoods

Ann Arbor TractAnn Arbor Tract

Block GroupBlock GroupTwo – eight block groups per tract

All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2

Smallest area for sample data

BlocksBlocks

All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbersnumbersSome 100% data but no sample Some 100% data but no sample datadata

PUMAS and SUPER-PUMAS and SUPER-PUMASPUMAS

For Public Use Microdata For Public Use Microdata SamplesSampleshttp://ftp2.census.gov/geo/maps/puma/

PUMAS and SUPER-PUMAS and SUPER-PUMASPUMAS

American Factfinder Reference American Factfinder Reference MapsMaps

http://factfinder.census.gov/

Locating Census MapsLocating Census Maps

American FactfinderAmerican Factfinder• http://http://factfinderfactfinder.census.gov/.census.gov/

Census Bureau Web Site (PDF)Census Bureau Web Site (PDF)• http://ftp2.census.gov/http://ftp2.census.gov/plmapplmap//

Documents Center Paper CopiesDocuments Center Paper Copies• Tract maps for MichiganTract maps for Michigan• Block maps for Wayne and WashtenawBlock maps for Wayne and Washtenaw

Arcview GIS Program in Map LibraryArcview GIS Program in Map Library

Technical Technical DocumentationDocumentation

Geographic and subject definitionsGeographic and subject definitions Lists of tables and individual Lists of tables and individual

components in tablescomponents in tables Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation, Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation,

group quarters, Hispanic, industry, group quarters, Hispanic, industry, language, country)language, country)

Original questionnaireOriginal questionnaire

http://www.lib.http://www.lib.umichumich..eduedu//govdocsgovdocs/census2/sf1td.html/census2/sf1td.html http://www.lib.http://www.lib.umichumich..eduedu//govdocsgovdocs/census2/sf3td.html/census2/sf3td.html

Census Data Census Data FormatsFormats

20002000

FTPFTP Transfer all data for all geographies in a county Transfer all data for all geographies in a county

and manipulate with SAS or SPSSand manipulate with SAS or SPSS

http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/

http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/

American FactfinderAmerican Factfinder http://http://factfinderfactfinder.census.gov/.census.gov/

Prepared profilesPrepared profiles Data extraction to a spreadsheet,Data extraction to a spreadsheet, Reference and thematic mapsReference and thematic maps

Census Data Census Data FormatsFormats

20002000

Census Bureau CDs/DVDsCensus Bureau CDs/DVDsQuicker than American Factfinder for Quicker than American Factfinder for extracting very large data setsextracting very large data sets

Geolytics CD-ROMSGeolytics CD-ROMS Thematic mapping for all variables and Thematic mapping for all variables and

created variables; for 1970, 1980, 1990, created variables; for 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000and 2000

Neighborhood Change Database (1970-Neighborhood Change Database (1970-2000) coming?2000) coming?

Maps can be imported into more Maps can be imported into more sophisticated programssophisticated programs

Initial Factfinder Initial Factfinder ScreenScreen



Brief profiles and geographic comparisons for Brief profiles and geographic comparisons for U.S., states, counties, and placesU.S., states, counties, and places

Basic FactsBasic Facts

Geographic AreaGeographic Area

If you know the geographic area or If you know the geographic area or proceed directly toproceed directly to DATA SETS or DATA SETS or ProfilesProfiles

If you need to determine the If you need to determine the geographic area, go togeographic area, go to REFERENCE REFERENCE MAPSMAPS

REFERENCE MAPSREFERENCE MAPS

Internet Internet Explorer 5+ Explorer 5+ works best if works best if you want to you want to click and click and zoomzoom

Choose Choose BreadcrumbsBreadcrumbs//GeographyGeography forfor three three better better optionsoptions

Place Name Place Name SearchingSearching

BESTBEST option for option for mappingmapping• StatesStates• CountiesCounties• CitiesCities• TownshipsTownships• VillagesVillages

Place Name Place Name SearchingSearching

1. Select Name Search2. Choose Year3. Type in Name and GO.4. Choose from Name Options and SHOW MAP.

Navigating the MapNavigating the Map

•Level 5 maps provide an overview of the tracts•Not all features show in this view•Use arrows to move map or click to zoom in

Block Group Block Group MapsMaps

•Block groups show up best at Level 3; tracts at level 4•Zoom to Level 2 for street names and block numbers•Write down tract, block group and block numbers you need for use with the Data Sets menu

Changing LegendChanging LegendWhen you can’t tell block group from tract boundaries, click on LEGEND to turn off block group boundaries and numbers

Updated MapUpdated Map

And, yes, Tract 4003 has unusually tortuous boundaries.

Address SearchingAddress Searching

Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract, block group, block number, and map

Address ResultsAddress Results

•ADDRESS SEARCHING gives you the tract, block group and

block number so you can retrieve data in Data Sets

•You can also choose to SHOW MAP

Address MapAddress Map

Downloading MapsDownloading Maps

Right-click on the map to download Right-click on the map to download it.it.

Maps can only be downloaded in GIF Maps can only be downloaded in GIF (picture) format(picture) format

For GIS purposes, you Arcview, For GIS purposes, you Arcview, ArcInfo, MapInfo, or Tiger Line Files.ArcInfo, MapInfo, or Tiger Line Files.

Data SetsData Sets

Once you’ve determined geography Once you’ve determined geography and used Basic Facts, go to and used Basic Facts, go to DATA DATA SETS SETS for the detailfor the detail

2000 and 1990 Census2000 and 1990 Census Most detailed demographic and housing data

Census Supplementary FileCensus Supplementary File Conducted at the same time as the Census to test of small area sampling techniques

American Community SurveyAmerican Community Survey Updates of sample data for counties and places of 65,000+

Data Sets Includes Five Data Sets Includes Five Types of FilesTypes of Files

Economic CensusEconomic Census Business payrolls and sales for all types of industries for the nation, states, counties, large cities and zip codes

Population EstimatesPopulation Estimates Annual state and county population estimates. Totals only - no race or age.

Data Sets Includes Five Data Sets Includes Five Types of FilesTypes of Files

Listing of Data SetsListing of Data Sets

The default display are files from the 2000 and 1990 Census

Data Files for 2000Data Files for 2000

Summary File 1: 100%Summary File 1: 100%• Race, sex, age, households and families,

housing tenure• BLOCK LEVEL for many categories• MOST DETAILED ON RACE AT TRACT LEVEL• MOST DETAILED ON AGE

Summary File 2: 100%Summary File 2: 100%

• Detailed cross classifications by type of Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian subcategory (about 250 total)

• LOWEST LEVEL IS TRACT

Data Files for 2000Data Files for 2000

Summary File 3: SampleSummary File 3: Sample• Income, language, ethnicity,

occupation, commuting, housing value and rent

• Housing value and rent in STF 1 in 1990• Ancestry only at tract level; in 1990

was available for block groups

Summary File 4: SampleSummary File 4: Sample • Detailed cross classifications by 350

races and ancestries• Lowest level is tract

Data Sets Option Data Sets Option BoxBox

Options box aligns with checked data set

Options for Data Options for Data SetSet

Detailed TablesDetailed Tables = = most data for most data for most placesmost places• Download one entire table at a time

Custom TablesCustom Tables = = may mix and may mix and match variables in several tables, match variables in several tables, then sort and filterthen sort and filter• If over 10 variables, use Detailed Tables

and manipulate with Excel


Quick TablesQuick Tables = = brief data for brief data for one named placeone named placeSame as Basic Facts but includes tract dataSame as Basic Facts but includes tract data

Geographic Comparison Geographic Comparison TablesTables = = brief data for all tracts in brief data for all tracts in county, counties in state, states in county, counties in state, states in U.S.U.S.


Technical DocumentationTechnical Documentation = = definitions, lists of tables, definitions, lists of tables,

interpretation of codesinterpretation of codes Thematic MapsThematic Maps = = subject subject

mapsmaps

Summary File 1Summary File 1

Most data by age, race, sex, Most data by age, race, sex, households, group quarters down to households, group quarters down to block levelblock level

Detailed Tables Detailed Tables GeographyGeography

Default is LIST geography. Others include name Default is LIST geography. Others include name search, address search, and geography within search, address search, and geography within geography.geography.


You can chooseYou can choose • All states• All counties in a state• All tracts in a county • All 5 digit zip codes in a 3-digit zip

code• All block groups in a tract

• All blocks in a block group.• To choose all 5 digit zip codes or tracts in

state, block groups in city, use Geography within Geography


1. Choose lowest level of geography you want2. Follow pop-up menus to choose place3. Once you select a geographic area, be sure to

add it

The default for Detailed Tables is the List of All Tables.

List of Tables - SF1List of Tables - SF1http://http://factfinderfactfinder.census.gov/.census.gov/

Population (P) Tables Population (P) Tables by Subjectby Subject

RaceRace AgeAge Households by Age, Type, and Households by Age, Type, and

RelationshipRelationship Families and Family TypeFamilies and Family Type Group QuartersGroup Quarters Imputations of data when Imputations of data when

questionnaire not answeredquestionnaire not answered

Housing (H) Tables Housing (H) Tables Clustered by SubjectClustered by Subject

Housing Units (occupied and Housing Units (occupied and vacant)vacant)

Occupied Housing Units by race and Occupied Housing Units by race and household sizehousehold size

Owner/Renter Occupied by RaceOwner/Renter Occupied by Race Imputations of data when Imputations of data when

questionnaires not answeredquestionnaires not answered

PCT Tables Clustered PCT Tables Clustered by Subjectby Subject

• American Native Tribes• Asian Races (e.g. Asian Indian, Hmong)• Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Races• Hispanic Origin Details (e.g. Cuban)• Single years of age by race to 99; three

groups over 100• Unmarried partners• Nonrelatives by household type (foster

child, boarder) and race• Group quarters population by age,

race, sex and type (dorm, prison)

To preview a table, highlight it and click on What’s This?


We’re choosing P12 – sex by age; we know it won’t We’re choosing P12 – sex by age; we know it won’t be as detailed as PCT but could give data to the be as detailed as PCT but could give data to the block levelblock level


Detailed SpreadsheetDetailed Spreadsheetand Geocodesand Geocodes

Options include Geographic and Other FIPS Codes

Detailed Spreadsheet Detailed Spreadsheet

and Printing and Printing

•Use print button or web browser for printing•When result is multiple pages, you will need to print each page individually

Detailed Spreadsheet Detailed Spreadsheet

and Downloading Optionsand Downloading Options

ALWAYS use Factfinder’s button for downloading data

Downloading Downloading OptionsOptions Comma, tab, rtf, zippedComma, tab, rtf, zipped

• Comma-delimited spreadsheets easily export to EXCEL• You can also transpose rows and columns• Default is downloading entire spreadsheet• Data compatible formats are zipped; no English headers

Detailed TablesDetailed TablesKeyword SearchingKeyword Searching

You can search by using multiple termsYou can search by using multiple terms

Keyword SearchingKeyword Searching

PCT Tables have single years of agePCT Tables have single years of age

Multiple Table Multiple Table SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

Although the spreadsheet has nine tables, they are Although the spreadsheet has nine tables, they are separate tablesseparate tables

You must combine them with a spreadsheet programYou must combine them with a spreadsheet program

Age, sex, households, families, and owner v. rented occupied housing units

State, counties, places, MSAs, and census tracts

For 250 races; e.g. single years of age by sex for the Pakistani population rather than the Asian population at large

Brief guide available at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf2.htm

Summary File 2Summary File 2http://http://factfinderfactfinder.census.gov/.census.gov/

2000 is the first time for this file on format other than magnetic tape

There are limits for racial data – must have 100 or more people of race in the geographic area

This file not in most GIS programs; data Must be downloaded and transferred



Most social and economic characteristics for the smallest geographic areas

Summary File 3-SubjectsSummary File 3-Subjectshttp://http://factfinderfactfinder.census.gov/.census.gov/

AncestryAncestry Education and school enrollmentEducation and school enrollment Commuting, occupation, industryCommuting, occupation, industry Income and povertyIncome and poverty Disability and veteran statusDisability and veteran status Housing value, rent, mortgagesHousing value, rent, mortgages

More breakdowns within categories More breakdowns within categories and racial cross-classifications than and racial cross-classifications than the Demographic Profilesthe Demographic Profiles

Geography Within Geography Within GeographyGeography

Default List ViewDefault List View

Choose one indentation down from the previous geography, e.g. tracts in county, 5-digit zip codes within a 3-digit zip code


Choose Geo within Geo for best options


Choose the SMALLEST geography you want; then the LARGEST geography you want; then follow instructions

Summary File 3Summary File 3List of TablesList of Tables

http://http://factfinderfactfinder.census.gov/.census.gov/

P – Population Tables to Block Group Level

P1-93 Sample data for total populationP 94-144 ImputationsP 145-160 Sample data by race


http://http://factfinderfactfinder.census..census.govgov//

H – Housing Tables to Block Group Level

H 1-98 Sample data for total populationH 99-121 Imputations

Note: no sample housing tables by race at the block group level



PCT – Population Tables to Tracts

PCT 1-76 – very detailed sample data broken down by race; includes ancestry as

separate categories but does not break other data down by ancestry

HCT – Housing Tables to TractsHCT 1-48 – very detailed housing sample

data broken down by race but not ancestry

Summary File 3Summary File 3Subject SearchSubject Search

Highlight a subject (e.g. commuting) and search Results include all tables where the subject is a variable Choose P30 and P31; Add; Show Table


Summary File 3Summary File 3AncestryAncestry


Primarily countries with which white and some black races identify

Tables PCT 16, 17, and 18 Options include first ancestry or only

ancestry, second ancestry (in dual report), and ancestries totaled (all first, second and only)

List of Ancestrieshttp://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg1.pdf

Summary File 3Summary File 3AncestryAncestry


Ancestry is another tract only variable

Summary File 3Summary File 3OccupationOccupation


Industry = where you workOccupation = what you do

Summary File 3Summary File 3Educational AttainmentEducational Attainment

Population over 25 is countedPopulation over 25 is counted

Data is not cumulative; Data is not cumulative; Even though high school graduation rate may be 0%, people who completed bachelors or masters completed high school as well

Main table is P37Main table is P37

Table by race is P148Table by race is P148Many tables in this data set are split so racial breakdowns appear in a later number

Summary File 3Summary File 3Educational AttainmentEducational Attainment

Summary File 3Summary File 3DisabilityDisability

Disabilities count overall limitations, not individual diseases

• Sensory• Physical• Mental• Self-care• Go outside the home• Employment

Summary File 3Summary File 3DisabilityDisability

Summary File 3Summary File 3RentRent

Contract rent = amount paid to landlord

Gross rent = amount paid to landlord

AND amount for utilities

Summary File 3Summary File 3Labor ForceLabor Force

Labor Force = either have a job or are looking for a job

Not in Labor Force = don’t have job or want one (e.g. retiree)

Unemployed = in labor force but don’t have job

Summary File 3Summary File 3Labor ForceLabor Force

Summary File 3Summary File 3IncomeIncome

Income calculated for households (related, unrelated, single), families (related), and individuals

Income includes salaries, interest, social security, retirement, public assistance

Median means half earn below and half earn above

Aggregate means all of the income in that geographic area

Summary File 3Summary File 3IncomeIncome

Summary File 3Summary File 3PovertyPoverty

Calculated variable based on income, size of family, and federal poverty guidelines

Poverty guidelines for 1999 appear at:

http://www.census.gov/http://www.census.gov/hheshhes/poverty//poverty/histpovhistpov/hstpov1.html/hstpov1.html

Example of ratio of income to povertyPoverty for one person in 1999 was $8501Under .50 = earned less than $4250

Earned 1.5 of poverty=$12751

Summary File 3Summary File 3PovertyPoverty


Sample data for 350 races and ancestries

Thematic maps can be accessed through the initial menu of each data set and via the main Factfinder screen - middle/bottom

Thematic MapsThematic Mapshttp://http://factfinderfactfinder.census.gov/.census.gov/

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChanging Data SetChanging Data Set

Check the default data set to make sure Check the default data set to make sure it’s what you want. Change selection.it’s what you want. Change selection.

Thematic MapsThematic MapsNew Data SetNew Data Set

Pop-up menu changed from 2000 Pop-up menu changed from 2000 Summary File 1 to 2000 Summary File Summary File 1 to 2000 Summary File 3.3.

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChoosing New GeographyChoosing New Geography

You can choose a map through the List method, You can choose a map through the List method, using the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you wantusing the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you want

(e.g. Washtenaw County, Mich)(e.g. Washtenaw County, Mich)

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChoosing Theme (Subject)Choosing Theme (Subject)

You can choose a theme by subject, keyword, or list

Not all Census variables are represented

In this case, race appears in SF1 maps; ancestry in SF3 maps

Thematic MapsThematic MapsChanging Geographic DisplayChanging Geographic Display

The default for a county is county subdivisionThe default for a county is county subdivision This can be changed to census tract or BGThis can be changed to census tract or BG

Thematic MapsThematic MapsSame Map – Tract LevelSame Map – Tract Level

Same map at tract level. You can change the map classes by choosing legend.


Natural breaks = equal number of people counted

Equal interval means equal percent intervals


This is probably more accurage. Click on legend to add geographic boundaries


Click on legend to add geographic boundaries


Same map with tract numbers


Use identify button and click on map to obtain data

Thematic MapsThematic MapsLimitations of Factfinder MapsLimitations of Factfinder Maps

Only pre-selected variables; not entire data set

Maps download as gifs (pictures); they cannot be exported into another program

Maps can not be manipulated, e.g. showing layers

Geolytics and ARCVIEW are alternatives

American Factfinder American Factfinder AdvantagesAdvantages

http://factfinder.census.gov

SF1-4 data sets

Custom tables option to choose parts of one table or mix tables

Address search for all geographic codes of one street address

Reference and thematic maps provide street boundaries and multiple geographic layers

American Factfinder American Factfinder DisadvantagesDisadvantages

http://factfinder.census.gov

No PUMS files

Limited types of geographies and number of data items retrievable

Cannot choose multiple races/ancestries in SF2 and 4

Thematic maps can not be imported into GIS programs

CD/DVD Programs for CD/DVD Programs for Census 2000Census 2000

Two additional CD/DVD Two additional CD/DVD programs available in the programs available in the Documents CenterDocuments Center

• GO 2000 GO 2000 (Census Bureau)(Census Bureau)

• Census CD 2000 Census CD 2000 (Geolytics)(Geolytics)

Census DVDsCensus DVDsAdvantagesAdvantages

Quicker for large numbers of geographies (e.g. all tracts in a state)

Can do radius searching Can select individual variables in a table Combine multiple tables into one

spreadsheet

Mix and match geographic levels and data from different tables

Data can be downloaded into a variety of formats, including DBF and MS Access

Census DVDsCensus DVDsDisadvantagesDisadvantages

No maps

Mathematical functions are laborious; use Excel instead

Not a substitute for ftp

Geolytics AdvantagesGeolytics Advantages

All variables can be mapped, not just those in American Factfinder’s thematic maps

Can create own variables using calculator

Thematic maps can be imported into ARCVIEW

Available for 1970-2000

ONLY non-ftp source for 1970 and 1980 digital census data

Geolytics Geolytics DisadvantagesDisadvantages

No 100% data for 1990Limited number of geographic choices

(e.g. no tracts in a city, just county)

Maps do not show street boundaries

Retrieval options vary slightly between censuses

Neighborhood Change Database has been on order for 10 months

Geolytics CDs on Geolytics CDs on CampusCampus

CITRIX LAN• 1990 and 2000 Sample Data• http://www.lib.umich.edu/citrix/cens00.htmlhttp://www.lib.umich.edu/citrix/cens00.html• http://www.lib.umich.edu/citrix/census.htmlhttp://www.lib.umich.edu/citrix/census.html

Documents LAN

• 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 Sample Data• 2000 Redistricting Data (block)• 2000 100% Data (blocks and block groups)

Neighborhood Change (1970-2000) on order

Geolytics ExampleGeolytics ExampleName RequestName Request

Name file before you begin. In the Documents Center Name file before you begin. In the Documents Center use the X drive. On CITRIX, use your own drive.use the X drive. On CITRIX, use your own drive.

Geolytics ExampleGeolytics ExampleGeographic AreasGeographic Areas

Choose the largest geographic level or radiusChoose the largest geographic level or radius

Geolytics ExampleGeolytics ExampleGeographic AreasGeographic Areas

Choose state and area names

Geolytics ExampleGeolytics Example Subareas Subareas

Choose Subarea – in this case block groups in Wayne County, Michigan

Subareas vary with the main Area(Choices limited by comparison to Census DVD)

Geolytics ExampleGeolytics ExampleChoose Subjects or CountsChoose Subjects or Counts

Population 1 and Housing 1 to block group level

Population and Housing 2 to tract level

Geolytics ExampleGeolytics ExampleChoosing CountsChoosing Counts

You can choose multiple subjectsYou can choose multiple subjectsMove from top to bottom to right. Then click DONE.Move from top to bottom to right. Then click DONE.Example shows total population and number in poverty.Example shows total population and number in poverty.

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example Run QueryRun Query

Choose spreadsheet, data base, or map file.Choose spreadsheet, data base, or map file.

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example SpreadsheetSpreadsheet

Spreadsheet. It was automatically saved when you named your request file. Use Technical Documentation to interpret column headings. You could use FORMULA to create new column. Close this window before mapping.

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example MapMap

Map. Toggle variable to change map between variables.

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example Identifying Data in MapIdentifying Data in Map

You can click on area to view its data

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example Create Your Own VariableCreate Your Own Variable

Click on calculator. Divide people in poverty by total population and multiply by 100 to determine percent

in poverty.

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example New FormulaNew Formula

New formula displays percent of population in poverty.

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example Map ClassesMap Classes

You can change the categories and classes on the right

Geolytics Example Geolytics Example Copying Files for ArcviewCopying Files for Arcview

Click on VIEW; then uncheck the WATER category


File – Export to copy your map for Arcview.


Your files will be automatically saved in the same drive as your Request File. Your files will have various extensions but the same name as your request file.

If you used the Documents Center X drive, access it through MY COMPUTER on the desktop; then drag and drop to your floppy or zip disk.

Converting Geographic Converting Geographic CodesCodes

Use the Mable Geocorr 2K Search Engine to relate five digit zip codes

to counties or census tracts

http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/geocorr2k.html





Did the Census Bureau ask the question?How was the question asked?Is the geography the same?What formats are available?

Questions to Ask Questions to Ask Before Starting a Before Starting a Time SeriesTime Series

Reflects changes in society

In 1990 and 2000 Congress wanted to reduce paperwork

Grid of questions, 1790-2000http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf


Ancestry first asked in 1980Poverty was first determined in 1970Marital status and house value switched from 100% to sample questionnaire in 2000Dilapidated housing last measured in 1960


Before 1980, Hispanic was called Spanish-originRaces in 1960 were white, Negro and otherMultiple races new in 2000Asian and Hawaiian in 2000 were same category in 1990

Census Racial Census Racial Definitions Vary Over Definitions Vary Over Time Time

Did 25 Ann Arborites and 122 Hawaiians take the subway to work in 2000?

“How did the person get to work LAST WEEK?”

How Was Question Asked?

Technical Documentation in 1990.

Printed Census Volumes through 1990.

Measuring Americahttp://www.census.gov/dmd/www/pdf/d02p.pdf

Questionnaires

Metropolitan Areas Change Detroit: 1970 - 3 counties

1980 - 6 counties 1990 - 7 counties 2000 - 6 counties

http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metrodef.html

Is the Geography the Same?

Census Tracts, Block Groups, and Block Numbers Change

Census Tract equivalencies in paper tract reports through 1990

Relationship files, 1990-2000http://www.census.gov/geo/www/relate/rel_blk.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/geo/www/relate/rel_tract.html


Different definitions or urban and urbanized area

Block group data on tape but not generally available until 1990

Census tracts limited to metro areas until 1990


Primary vehicle through 1980 was PAPER

(Grad Stacks HA 201 .year with backup on microfiche/film in Documents)

1990 a combination of paper and CD; not all files on American Factfinder

No paper in 2000

1970-80 Geolytics are only good CDS for period

Census Formats

1970 - 2000 at ICPSRhttp://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html#I1850-1960

ICPSR has some datahttp://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html#IIPUMS has PUMShttp://www.ipums.umn.edu/usa/Historical Data Browser (state and county)http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/

Data Tapes

Citing Census DataCiting Census Data

Census BureauCensus Bureauhttp://www.census.gov/main/www/http://www.census.gov/main/www/

citation.htmlcitation.html

APA Style - PurdueAPA Style - Purduehttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/

research/r_apa.htmlresearch/r_apa.html

Government Documents - Univ. of Government Documents - Univ. of MemphisMemphis

http://exlibris.memphis.edu/govpubs/http://exlibris.memphis.edu/govpubs/citeweb.htmciteweb.htm

Getting Census HelpGetting Census Help

Documents Center 203 Hatcher Library North, (734) 764-0410,

[email protected]://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/

Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State Data Center program.

Assistance with American Factfinder, Census CD-ROMS.Paper tract maps of Michigan.

Referrals to other sources. Census 2000 web pagehttp://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/

centool.pdf


Map Library 825 Hatcher Library South, (734) 764-0407

[email protected]://www.lib.umich.edu/maplib

Experts in ArcView for the creation of Census maps

Assistance in importing your own data to a Census map

Downloads of boundary files


Numeric Data Services 818 Hatcher Library North, (734) 615-7419

[email protected]://www.lib.umich.edu/nsds/

Assists users in locating and downloading untabulated statistical data for manipulation with programs such as SAS, SPSS

Referrals for data manipulation


Population Studies Center 311 Maynard Street, (734) 998-7153

[email protected]://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dads/

Assists University of Michigan students and staff

Answers common problem and error questions with Census files

Handles common data manipulation questions with a variety of statistical packages