Dear Dinar Lubiserepo.unud.ac.id/id/eprint/26854/1/5d22bec8e064e9b73b2d6...Dear Dinar Lubis , Notification of Acceptance: Abstract Subbmission for presentation Congratulation! We are

Dear Dinar Lubis ,

Notification of Acceptance: Abstract Subbmission for presentation

Congratulation! We are pleased to inform you that your abstract has been accepted for presentation

at The 1st Regional Symposium on Health Research and Development that will be held at Inna

Garuda Hotel, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 11-12 October, 2012.

Abstract number : 41

Title of Abstract : FACTOR INFLUENCE MIDWIVES REFERING PREGNANT WOMEN

TO UNDERGO VCT CLINICS : STIGMA IS AROUND US

Author : Dinar Lubis

Co-Author : LPL Wulandari; Kadek Tresna Adhi; Putu Suariani

Presentation type : ORAL PRESENTATION

Theme : Determinant of Health

Presentation Duration : 10 minutes presentation, 10 minutes discussion

Instruction for Oral Presentation

All presenters are required to submit their presentation in power point slide in English.

Presentation can be orally delivered in Bahasa Indonesia or English.

The presentations are submitted at File Submission and Computer Room.

All presenters must be in the presentation room at least 10 minutes prior to their presentation

schedule.

Important Notes to ALL Presenters

Presenting author of accepted abstracts must register as participant and pay registration fee

for the 2-day Regional Symposium by October 2nd

, 2012 or your presentation will be

cancelled by committee.

Kindly reply to this email with your acceptance and send us proof of payment for registration.

If you require any assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us. Kindly acknowledge once

received.

Thank you for contributing towards this symposium. More details on event can be found on our web

page http://www.nihrd.or.id or http://simreg.litbang.depkes.go.id. We are looking forward to your

participation in RSHRD and would like to express our warmest welcome to you in advance.

http://www.nihrd.or.id/

http://simreg.litbang.depkes.go.id/

ABSTRACT BOOK

Regional Symposium On Health Research and Development

Towards Universal Health

Coverage and Equity

Yogyakarta-Indonesia

October 9-12, 2012

2 | R e g i o n a l S y m p o s i u m o n H e a l t h R e s e a r c h a n d D e v e l o p m e n t

A B S T R A C T B O O K

T o w a r d s U n i v e r s a l H e a l t h C o v e r a g e a n d E q u i t y | 3

Contents

Oral Presentation

1. FACTOR INFLUENCE MIDWIVES REFERING PREGNANT WOMEN TO UNDERGO VCT CLINICS :

STIGMA IS AROUND US ................................................................................................................... 10

2. DIARRHEA OUTBREAK IN KAIMANA DISTRICT, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE :A WATER RESOURCES

EXAMINATION ................................................................................................................................. 10

3. MODEL PREDIKSI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH REMAJA BERDASARKAN RIWAYAT LAHIR DAN STATUS

GIZI ANAK (STUDI LONGITUDINAL IFLS 1993-2007) .......................................................................... 11

4. LEVEL OF RADIATION EXPOSURE IN SEVERAL HOSPITALS IN INDONESIA .................................. 13

5. TRANSLATING RESEARCH TO POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF NOT FOR PROFIT HOSPITALS IN

INDONESIA ...................................................................................................................................... 13

6. CLEAN WATER AND TOILET AVAILABILITY SUPPORTED MULTIPLE GOALS AND TARGETS OF

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. A CASE REPORT ON EAST LOMBOK ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS,

INDONESIA ...................................................................................................................................... 14

7. RELATED FACTORS TO MIDWIFES COMPLIANCE IN PARTOGRAPH FULFILLMENT OF CHILDBIRTH

PROCESS AT PRACTICE MIDWIFE CLINIC IN EAST BEKASI AREA IN 2012 ............................................ 15

8. ETHNOSAINS COMMUNITY OF MALARIA IN OUTBREAK AREA: ROWOKELE SUBDISTRICT,

KEBUMEN REGENCY, JAWA TENGAH PROVINCE .............................................................................. 15

9. BIOECOLOGY STUDY ON ABOUT MALARIA VECTOR ANOPHELES SPP IN ROWOKELE

SUBDISTRICT, KEBUMEN REGENCY, JAWA TENGAH PROVINCE ........................................................ 16

10. THE ABILITY OF RHIZOPUS OLIGOSPORUS MOULD TO SYNTHESIS THE VITAMIN B1, B2, B12

DAN FOLIC ACID ON THE PALM OIL WASTE SUBSTRAT IN THE SOLID FERMENTATION) .................... 16

11. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFESTYLE WITH THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY IN STABAT

DISTRICT LANGKAT REGENCY 2012 .................................................................................................. 17

12. NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECT IN PNEUMONIA IN INDONESIA CHILDREN UNDER-5: A MULTILEVEL

ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................................... 18

13. MODEL OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN SURABAYA, 2012 ........................ 18

14. THE USE OF CLINICAL PATHWAY AND STROKE REGISTRY FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF CARE

IN STROKE PATIENTS ....................................................................................................................... 19

15. A DECADE OF INEQUALITY IN UNMET NEED FAMILY PLANNING IN INDONESIA (1997-2007). 20

16. PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANT OF OBESITY AMONG ELDERLY IN JAKARTA ...................... 20

17. ARTEMISININ PLUS NAPTHOQUINE VERSUS DIHYDROARTEMISININ PLUS PIPERAQUINE IN

ADULT SUBJECTS WITH PLASMODIUM VIVAX INFECTION IN INDONESIA .......................................... 21

18. EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ARTESUNATE - AMODIAQUINE AND CHLOROQUINE IN

PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA INFECTION, MAUMERE, EAST NUSA TENGGARA ............................. 22

user

Highlight


19. QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY IN SUMBERSARI SUB-DISTRICT JEMBER, 2012: QOL

COMPARISON BASED ON THEIR SOSIO DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOSIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTIC.... 23

20. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS EPIDEMIOLOGY IN KOTA BESI SUBDISTRICT, KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR

DISTRICT CENTRAL BORNEO PROVINCE ........................................................................................... 23

21. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEX, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND

NUTRITION INTAKES WITH PHYSICAL FITNESS STATUS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN

KEBUMEN DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA 2011 ................................................... 24

22. THE INDICATORS OF CHEMICALLY WATER POLLUTION MODELING (BOD) WITH

GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION ..................................................................................... 25

23. SEA CUCUMBER CRACKERS, NUTRITIOUS SNACKS THAT ARE SAFE FOR CONSUMPTION AND

CAN COPE WITH CONSTIPATION ...................................................................................................... 25

24. NUTRITIOUS RICE, PROPERLY AND SAFELY CONSUMED PRESERVED IN MAGIC- COM FOR 24

HOURS 26

25. TYPE OF TREATMENT OBSERVERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE IN TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT IN

MAJALENGKA DISTRICT, WEST JAVA PROVINCE ............................................................................... 27

26. UNDERSTANDING INFANT MORTALITY IN JEMBER REGENCY ................................................ 27

27. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT TO DETERMINE SANITATION RISK AREA IN

JEMBER DISTRICT IN SUPPORTING MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ......................................... 28

28. COST OF MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM IN PRIMARY LEVEL: DEMONSTRATION OF COST STUDY

IN ACEH ........................................................................................................................................... 29

29. INFLUENZA CASES FROM SURVEILLANCE ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION , 2011 ................ 29

30. THE ASSOCIATION OF JAK2 V617F MUTATION AND CLINICAL SEVERITY OF PHILADELPHIA

CHROMOSOME-NEGATIVE MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS PATIENTS ...................................... 30

31. LESS VEGETABLES AND NUTS-SEEDS-PEAS CONSUMPTION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH

LEVEL OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ........................................................ 31

32. KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE KLINIS DAN DBD KONFIRMASI

SEROLOGI DI LIMA RSUD JAKARTA ................................................................................................... 31

33. KARAKTERISTIK DAN LAMA PERAWATAN PENDERITA HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS /

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV/AIDS) DEWASA DI RSPI SULIANTI SAROSO ......... 32

34. CAUSE OF DEATH AND CHALLENGES FACED BY ELDERLY CAUSE OF DEATH AND CHALLENGES

FACED BY ELDERLY POPULATION IN INDONESIA ACCORDING TO 2007 BASELINE HEALTH RESEARCH

33

35. POLA DIARE DAN TERAPINYA PADA BALITA DI RUMAH SAKIT ............................................... 34

36. STREET LEVEL BUREAUCRAT DISCRETIONTHREAT OF IMPLEMENTING UNIVERSAL HEALTH

COVERAGE ...................................................................................................................................... 34

37. VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG CHILDREN 2-12 YEARSOLD IN INDONESIA (DEFISIENSI

VITAMNIN D PADA ANAK 2-12 TAHUN DI INDONESIA) ..................................................................... 35

38. THE ENERGY INTAKE AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF PREGNANT WOMWEN:Longitudinal

study 35



39. PROFILE OF MOTHER’S HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS DURING PREGNANCY ON

STUNTED AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES ..................................................................................... 36

40. SPATIAL PATTERN OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS SNAILS DISTRIBUTION USING REMOTE SENSING

DATA AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LINDU SUB-DISTRICT , SIGI DISTRICT,

CENTRALSULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA ..................................................................................... 36

41. APPLICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS ) MANAGEMENT WEARING

MASK AS PPE AND MELATONIN IN LOWERING LEVELS OF SOD, H2O2 AND TOTAL INFLAMATORY

CELLS AT LABORATORY RATS STRAIN WISTAR EXPOSED TO COAL DUST DAY OR NIGHT ................... 37

42. INSIDENSI DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KOTA KUPANG, PROPINSI NTT, 1998-2007

38

43. INFEKSI TRANSOVARIAL VIRUS DENGUE PADA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI DAN AEDES

ALBOPICTUS DI KOTA KUPANG ........................................................................................................ 38

44. POTENCY OF QUERCETIN-3-O-GLUCOSIDE (Q3G) DAN QUERCETIN-4O-GLUCOSIDE (Q4G)

ISOLATED FROM MIMBA LEAVES (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) TO THE GLUCOSE UPTAKE OF RAT

INTESTINAL MEMBRANE.................................................................................................................. 39

45. CORRELATION OF KATG CATALYTIC ACTIVITY WITH ISONIAZID RESISTANCE TO A CLINICAL

ISOLATE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ................................................................................ 39

46. THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF DRACONTOMELON dao EXTRACT ... 40

47. EVALUATION OF PSYCHOLOGIST PLACEMENT TO PROVIDE INTEGRATIVE MENTAL HEALTH

SERVICE IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (PHC) IN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA, 2011...................................... 41

48. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF CARIES EXPERIENCE IN THE PROVINCE OF

BANGKA BELITUNG ISLAND, INDONESIA .......................................................................................... 41

49. THE EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, AND

HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS YOUNG (10-24 YEARS OLD) POPULATION’S HEALTH STATUS

IN CENTRAL JAKARTA....................................................................................................................... 42

50. CURE RATE OF TB TREATMENT USING DOTS STRATEGY IN HOSPITAL ................................... 42

51. KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA, KONSUMSI DAN STATUS GIZI KELOMPOK RENTAN

(BALITA, WANITA, LANSIA) DI KABUPATEN PRIORITAS MASALAH KERAWANAN PANGAN DI

INDONESIA ...................................................................................................................................... 43

52. THE DETERMINANT FACTORS OF DOWN SYNDROME AND CELEBRAL PALSY ......................... 44

53. PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE PATH MODELING (QUALITY ASSURANCE OF PONEK HOSPITAL CASE

STUDY BASED ON RIFASKES 2011 DATA) .......................................................................................... 45

54. THE CORRELATION OF MOTHER NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND OTHER FACTORS TO INFANT’S

BIRTH WEIGHT IN BUDI KEMULIAAN HOSPITAL JAKARTA IN JANUARY 2012 ..................................... 45

Poster Presentation

55. FIRST DENGUE HEMORHAGIC FEVER OUTBREAK IN KAIMANA DISTRICT, WEST PAPUA

PROVINCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY INVESTIGATION .................................................... 47


56. UJI MUTAGENIK EKSTRAK GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) SEBAGAI KANDIDAT

ANTIRETROVIRAL UNTUK HIV .......................................................................................................... 47

57. THE RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ON DIARRHEA INCIDENCE OF

DISEASE SOCIETY COASTALAREAS VILLAGE NAMBO ABELI DISTRICTS KENDARI CITY ........................ 48

58. BASELINE DATA OF STUDY COHORT OF RISK FACTORS NCD OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE

PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)IN CENTRAL BOGOR CITY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA ............................ 48

59. PROFIL STATUS GIZI, KEADAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI, PARITAS, PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU

SERTA KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI PADA WANITA YANG MENIKAH DINI DI INDONESIA ...................... 49

60. THE EFFECT OF STEAMED BROCCOLI (BRASSICA OLERASEA L VAR. ITALICA) COMPARED WITH

CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERASEA L VAR.BOTRYTIS) TO CLINICAL SIGN AND HISTOPHATOLOGY OF

COLON IN MICED INDUCED BY DSS .................................................................................................. 50

61. BERAT LAHIR DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP NEONATAL DI INDONESIA ANALISIS DATA SDKI

2007) 51

62. BIO-ECOLOGY MALARIA VECTOR IN GALANG BATAM CITY, KEPULAUAN RIAU PROVINCE ..... 52

63. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IRON INTAKE AND ANEMIA IN THIRD TRIMESTERS PREGNANCY AT

BUNGUS HEALTH CENTER,PADANG IN 2012. ................................................................................... 52

64. PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN PUSKESMAS DAN GAMBARAN KETENAGAAN PUSKESMAS KOTA

BEKASI 53

65. ASSOCIATED NUTRITION CONSUMPTION, LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE WITH PEPTIC

ULCER DESEASE EVENT ON TENAGERS IN SMAN 2 PADANG CITY 2011 ............................................ 54

66. VALUE DENTAL CARIES (DMF-T) TO THE WEST IN THE DISTRICT IN 2010 KETAPANG

KALIMANTAN .................................................................................................................................. 55

67. HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK REMAJA TERKAIT RISIKO PENULARAN HIV-AIDS DAN PERILAKU

SEKS TIDAK AMAN DI INDONESIA .................................................................................................... 55

68. OBESITY STATUS AND NUTRIENT INTAKE BALINESE WOMEN AGED ABOVE 40 YEARS OLD IN

DISTRICT OF SOUTH DENPASAR BALI PROVINCE .............................................................................. 56

69. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF NON POLIO ENTEROVIRUSES (NPEV) FROM ACUTE FLACCID

PARALYSIS CASES IN WESTERN PART OF INDONESIA 2007-2010 ...................................................... 56

70. CITY AND MUNICIPALITY AS DETERMINANT FACTORS OF AGING DISABILITY IN WEST JAVA

AND BANTEN INDONESIA ................................................................................................................ 57

71. TRADISIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE IN KARET BIVAK CEMETERY FOR HEALING THE DISEASES

AFTERMATH THE FLOOD DISASTER IN URBAN COMMUNITY ............................................................ 58

72. THE POTENTIAL HOST OF FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI IN KALUMPANG DALAM VILLAGE, BABIRIK

SUBDISTRICT, HULU SUNGAI UTARA REGENCY, PROVINCE OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN ....................... 58

73. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALARIA IN AN INLAND AREA OF KALIMANTAN (KEKAYAP VILLAGE,

SEBUKU DISTRICT, NUNUKAN REGENCY, PROVINCE OF EAST KALIMANTAN ..................................... 59

74. FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN MALARIA DI KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU PROPINSI KALIMANTAN

SELATAN.......................................................................................................................................... 60



75. UTILIZATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL HEALTH INSURANCE

IN TARAKAN CITY, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA .......................................................................... 60

76. BASIC STUDY ON PATIENTS PROFILE AND NEEDS ACCORDING TO HIVâˆ’AIDS PROGRAM AND

VCT CLINIC IN ENDE DISTRICT, EAST NUSA TENGGARA..................................................................... 61

77. STRATEGY OF SISTEM INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI• (SISFOKOM) UNIVERSAL COVERAGE

OF HEALTH SERVICES TO SUPPORT THE HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM AND IMPLEMENTATION OF

UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE CONCERNING EQUITY AND QUALITY .............................................. 62

78. MATERNAL MORTALITY IN INDONESIA: FOLLOW UP STUDY OF PREGNANCY RELATED DEATH

OF THE INDONESIA 2010 CENSUS POPULATION ............................................................................... 63

79. COMPILATION OF STUDIES FOOD CONSUMPTION, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN INDONESIA ADOLESCENCE ............................................................... 63

80. WHAT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DRINKING-WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND

UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE COVERAGE? RESULTS FROM THE INDONESIA BASIC HEALTH RESEARCH

2010 64

81. SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI POTENSI ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR GATEP

(INOCARPUS FAGIFERUS (PARKINSON) FOSB.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR SPRAGUE DAWLEY

65

82. DETECTION OF NUCLEOPHOSMIN (NPM1) GENE MUTATIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH

IMMUNOPHENOTYPING AND CYTOGENETICS IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) ....................... 66

83. DETERMINANT OF STROKE DISEASE IN THE KEBON KALAPA COMMUNITY OF

BOGOR(BASELINE ON COHORT STUDY OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISESASES RISK FACTORS, 2011) . 66

84. CHARACTERISTICS OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL, DENPASAR, BALI . 67

85. ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PANDEMIC H1N1PDM09 PATIENTS IN INDONESIA IN

2009 68

86. PREVENTION MODEL OF MALARIA INCIDENCE IN AMBON ................................................... 68

87. GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS AND CULTURAL DETERMINANTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF

INFANT MORTALITY IN MUNTIGUNUNG VILLAGE, KARANGASEM REGENCY ,BALI PROVINCE ........... 69

88. SOCIAL HEALTH FINANCING AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT ON MATERNAL DEATHS IN

INDONESIA: USING THE FOLLOW UP STUDY OF INDONESIA 2010 POPULATION CENSUS DATA ........ 70

89. CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR AMONG MATERNAL DEATH CASES IN INDONESIA: FOLLOW UP

STUDY OF PREGNANCY RELATED DEATH OF THE INDONESIA 2010 POPULATION CENSUS ................ 71

90. ANALISIS LANJUT RISET KESEHATAN DASAR 2010: PENGGUNAAN ARTEMISININ-BASED

COMBINATION THERAPY DI INDONESIA .......................................................................................... 71

91. ANALISIS LANJUT RISET KESEHATAN DASAR 2010:FAKTOR YANG BERPERAN TERHADAP

KEJADIAN MALARIA DI WILAYAH INDONESIA BAGIAN TIMUR .......................................................... 72

92. DOSIS TUNGGAL ARTEMISININ-NAFTOKUIN DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN DIHIDROARTEMISININ-

PIPERAKUIN PADA SUBYEK DEWASA TERINFEKSI PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TANPA KOMPLIKASI DI

INDONESIA ...................................................................................................................................... 73


93. EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION IN INDONESIA FOR 21 YEARS AND HEALTH CARE IMPLICATION

ACCORDING TO HOUSEHOLD HEALTH SURVEY, NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY, BASELINE HEALTH

RESEARCH (1986-2007) ................................................................................................................... 74

94. PROFILAKSIS PRIMER TUBERKULOSIS PADA ANAK DI PUSKESMAS KOTA BEKASI ................... 74

95. MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN .... 75

96. CONFIRMATION OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TREATMENT FAILURE CASES BY PCR

GENOTYPING ................................................................................................................................... 76

97. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYPERTENSION QUARTET• FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STUDENT

TO PREVENT HYPERTENSION CASES IN DISTRICT REMPOA, 2012" .................................................... 76

98. PROFIL OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSS CONTAMINANT IN INFANT FORMULAS IN INDONESIA

IN 2011............................................................................................................................................ 77

99. REVIEW OF CULTURE FOOD EVENTS TABOO ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE VILLAGE

OF SUNGAI ALAT SUB DISTRICT ASTAMBUL BANJAR 2011................................................................ 77

100. NILAI KESEPAKATAN MIKROSKOPIS MALARIA DI BEBERAPA RUMAH SAKIT DI JAYAPURA ..... 78

101. COMPLETE BASIC IMMUNIZATION SERVICES IN INDONESIA ................................................. 78

102. KEBIASAAN IBU MENIMBANG BALITA DI POSYANDU DI PUSKESMAS SEPATAN, KABUPATEN

TANGERANG TAHUN 2008 ............................................................................................................... 79

103. POSITIVE DEVIANCE IN FEEDING AND CARE HABITS OF TODDLER IN REMOTE AREAS

SIDOARJO DISTRICT ......................................................................................................................... 82

104. COMPUTERIZED PHYSICIAN ORDER ENTRY (CPOE) APPLICATION SYSTEM ON CLINICAL

INFORMATION SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING OF PRESCRIBING IN GMC HEALTH CENTER, GADJAH

MADA UNIVERSITY, YOGYAKARTA ................................................................................................... 82

105. IMPLEMENTATION of BIORISK MANAGEMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

DIVISION at CENTER FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BASIC TECHNOLOGY OF HEALTH (CBBTH) LABORATORIES

83

106. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN IMPLEMENTING THE BALANCED NUTRITION IN PADANG CITY ...... 84

107. PARINGAN, THE PSYCHOTIC KAMPONG•A CONTROVERSIAL MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE IN

PONOROGO, EAST JAVA .................................................................................................................. 85

108. THE RELATIONSHIP MATERNAL HEIGHT WITH THE INCIDENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT ....... 85

109. DIFFERENCES MATERNAL WEIGHT DURING PREGNANCY IN LBW AND NO LBW CHILDREN ... 86

110. POTENTIAL OF DRIED CASSAVA (MANIHOT UTILISSIMA) LEAVES AS CAROTENE SOURCE FOR

PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN ................................................................................................................... 86

111. GENDER INEQUITY IN FAMILY PLANNING ............................................................................. 87

112. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS ) MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN ANTI TB

LUNG DISEASE GLOBAL FUND PROGRAM EVALUATION YEAR 2011 IN DISTRICT OF KOTABARU -

SOUTH KALIMANTAN - INDONESIA .................................................................................................. 88

113. DETERMINANT OF BACK PAIN AMONG SEVERAL HOSPITALS PARAMEDICS IN JAKARTA ....... 89

114. PERILAKU BERISIKO REMAJA JALANAN KOTA BANDUNG TAHUN 2010 ................................. 89



115. PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PEDULI REMAJA DI KOTA

BANDUNG TAHUN 2010 .................................................................................................................. 90

116. KEBIJAKAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN HAJI INDONESIA DI EMBARKASI .................................. 90

117. POLA PENYAKIT ISPA DAN DIARE BERDSARKAN POLA RUMAH SEHAT DI INDONESIA DALAM

KURUN WAKTU SEPULUH TAHUN TERAKHIR.................................................................................... 92

118. ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN OBAT ESENSIAL DI RUMAH SAKIT DAN PUSKESMAS MENURUT

REGIONALISASI BERDASARKAN SURAT KEPUTUSAN OBAT GENERIK NOMOR HK.03.01/MENKES/146/

I/2010 93

119. CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE IN INDONESIA WITH SPATIAL

AND STATISTICS ANALYSIS (RISKESDAS 2007 AND 2010) .................................................................. 93

120. ANALISIS MAPPING TOPOGRAFIS (KETERPENCILAN, KEPULAUAN, PERBATASAN) TENTANG

KETERSEDIAAN DAN KELAYAKAN FASILITAS FISIK PUSKESMAS BERDASAR DEMOGRAFI DAN

GEOGRAFIS DI INDONESIA ............................................................................................................... 94

121. ANALISIS DETERMINAN YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU KONSUMSI OBAT

TRADISIONAL PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI JAWA TIMUR ....................................................................... 95

122. THE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INTEGRATED ERADICATION OF NEGLECTED

TROPICAL DISEASE(COMPLETING THE MODEL FROM FINANCING SIDE) ........................................... 96

123. IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI DOTS (DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORTCOURSE) DU RSD

DR. SOEBANDI KABUPATEN JEMBER PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2010 ...................................... 97

124. EVALUATION OF RATIONAL DRUG USE WITH STANDARD TREATMENT GUIDELINE IN SOME

DISEASES IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI REGENCY HOSPITAL, BANTU 98


ORAL PRESENTATION

ID: 41

1. FACTOR INFLUENCE MIDWIVES

REFERING PREGNANT WOMEN TO

UNDERGO VCT CLINICS : STIGMA IS

AROUND US

Dinar Lubis, LPL Wulandari, Kadek Tresna

Adhi, Putu Suariani

Udayana University

Background Development of HIV/AIDS cases

in Bali and Indonesia shows an alarm

situation. There is an afraid the epidemic ia

slowly moving from concentrated to general

population. Based of the development cases

of HIV among pregnant women, it shows a

steady increase from 0.2% in 2009 and

increase into 0.5% in 2010. PMTCT program

has been establish since 5 years ago in Bali.

One of the program is to integrate ANC

services and HIV program in community

health centre and in midwives private clinics.

However, the number of pregnant women

refer to VCT clinics is far from the target of

the programs. The aims of this study is to

examine influence factors of midwives

referring pregnant women to undergo VCT

Clinics. Methods This was a qualitative, cross

sectional study employed focus group

discussion (FGD) as data collection method.

Participants were midwives who formerly

participated in PMTCT project run by Kerti

Praja Foundation and Denpasar Municipality

Health Department in Bali. A guideline

questions was used to assess barrier of

midwives referred pregnant women to VCT

clinics. Thematic analysis was used to do data

analysis. Result Finding revealed a number of

barrier factor for midwife in refer pregnant

women to VCT clinics. These factors are fear

of reluctant from pregnant women due to

strong stigma of HIV, time and working load of

midwives, distance between home and VCT

clinic, no transport from home to VCT clinics,

lack of husband support and no match

schedule between VCT clinics and pregnant

women who were working. Conclusion Fear of

reluctant from pregnant women indicated

that stigma of HIV is still appear both among

midwives and pregnant women and husband.

Working load and lack of time from midwife

should be consider if wanting to integrate VCT

and ANC services in one stop health services.

ID: 44

2. DIARRHEA OUTBREAK IN KAIMANA

DISTRICT, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE :A

WATER RESOURCES EXAMINATION

Antonius Oktavian, Evi Iriani Natalia,

Irawati Wike, Mardi Rahardjo

Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan

Biomedis Papua

Background: Diarrhea is one of infectious

diseases that arise due to the low quality of

the environment , particularly influenced by

the poor quality of water . Diarrhea outbreak

and associated deaths was reported in

October 2011 from Kaimana District , West

Papua Province. Base on West Papua Health

Department showed there have been 222

cases of diarrhea in which 167 patients aged

0-5 years. Also recorded 3 cases died.

Objectives A water examination was

conducted to assess the biological parameters

of water quality and identify the pathogens

that contaminate water sources . Methods

The study was carried out in Kaimana District

on 7 to 10 November 2011 consist s of water

collecting from water resources ,

environmental observation (surrounding

water resources) and interview to determine

the clinical symptoms of disease. In that time

user

Highlight



we found three diarrhea cases and we

decided to collected their stool sample.

Bacteriological examination of water carried

in the Provincial Health Laboratory of Papua in

Jayapura , and the virological examination for

water and feces conducted at the National

Laboratory of National Institute Of Health

Research and Development in Jakarta. Results

The laboratory tests found that there was

fecal coliform bacteria and E. coli in water

samples , which indicate the presence of fecal

contamination in water resources. The result

of 3 stool samples found that two were

positive for rotavirus Conclutions The water

quality in Kaimana district was less qualified

as a source of drinking water based on

biological parameters included the

environmental condition surround the

resources . We suggested that diarrhea

outbreak in Kaimana District caused by

rotavirus Health education program and

water treatment process for water sources

before it consumed are needed for this area.

ID: 61

3. MODEL PREDIKSI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH

REMAJA BERDASARKAN RIWAYAT LAHIR

DAN STATUS GIZI ANAK (STUDI

LONGITUDINAL IFLS 1993-2007)

Demsa Simbolon

Politeknik Kesehatan Bengkulu

Populasi remaja yang semakin meningkat

diikuti dengan peningkatan masalah gizi

ganda di negara berkembang, termasuk

Indonesia, karena usia remaja merupakan

salah satu kelompok umur yang rentan

terhadap masalah gizi sebagai akibat riwayat

lahir dan status gizi sebelumnya yang buruk,

kemudian mempunyai konsekuensi buruk

dalam daur hidup berikutnya. Penelitian

bertujuan memperoleh model untuk

memprediksi indeks massa tubuh (IMT)

remaja berdasarkan riwayat lahir dan status

gizi anak dengan mengontrol karakteristik

anak, orang tua, kesehatan lingkungan, dan

status sosial ekonomi keluarga. Penelitian ini

menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life

Survey (IFLS) dengan desain studi longitudinal.

Sampel berjumlah 837 balita dipilih secara

multistage random sampling. Riwayat lahir

diukur dari berat lahir dan umur kehamilan.

Pengukuran status gizi dilakukan 4 kali, yaitu

saat balita (IFLS 1993), 5-9 tahun (IFLS 1997),

8-12 tahun (IFLS 2000) dan remaja 15-19

tahun (IFLS 2007). Analisis regresi logistik

multinomial akan memprediksi risiko remaja

kurus/sangat kurus dan gemuk/obesitas. Hasil

penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata berat lahir

bayi perempuan 147 gram lebih rendah

dibandingkan bayi laki-laki. Terdapat 7,4 bayi

BBLR, dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada bayi

perempuan (9,3%). Tidak ada perbedaan rata-

rata usia kehamilan menurut jenis kelamin.

Ditemukan beban ganda masalah gizi pada

usia balita. 47% stunting, 29,7% underweight,

10% wasting dan 13,9% gemuk/obesitas,

dimana status gizi balita perempuan lebih

buruk dibandingkan laki-laki. Berdasarkan

indeks antropometri komposit, 51,7% balita

mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan, dengan

kontribusi terbanyak dari stunting diikuti

underweight dan wasting. Status gizi buruk

saat balita cenderung tetap bertahan sampai

remaja. Balita stunting cenderung tetap

stunting sampai remaja, demikian juga

masalah IMT. Risiko remaja kurus/sangat

kurus dapat diprediksi dari anak kurus/sangat

kurus saat usia 5-9 tahun (OR= 8,5 95% CI:

3,04-24,03) dan usia 8-12 tahun (OR=7,7

95%CI: 3,06 - 19,43). Remaja gemuk/obesitas

dapat diprediksi dari umur kehamilan kurang

bulan (OR = 2,7 95%CI: 1,02 - 7,53), stunting

usia 8-12 tahun (OR = 2,9 95%CI: 1,14 - 7,84),

dan gemuk/obesitas usia 8-12 tahun (OR =

10,2 95%CI: 4,08 - 25,41). Risiko remaja

gemuk/obesitas yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor

lain, yaitu anak berjenis kelamin perempuan,

riwayat ASI non-eksklusif, ibu pendek, dan ibu


gemuk/obesitas. Untuk memutus mata rantai

kelanjutan gangguan pertumbuhan sejak lahir

sampai remaja perlu intervensi yang

diprioritaskan pada remaja wanita yang

berperan penting dalam melanjutkan siklus

kehidupan, sehingga saat hamil bahkan

sebelumnya dapat mencegah bayi lahir

kurang bulan dan fetal programming yang

konsekuensinya berkelanjutan pada usia

berikutnya. Perlu evaluasi program pemberian

makanan tambahan yang lebih memfokuskan

pada penambahan berat badan tanpa

mempertimbangkan tinggi badan. Kata Kunci:

BBLR, lahir kurang bulan, pendek, IMT, Kurus,

gemuk, obesitas, remaja PREDICTION MODEL

ADOLESCENT BODY MASS INDEX BASED ON

THE BIRTH HISTORY AND CHILDREN

NUTRITION STATUS (IFLS LONGITUDINAL

STUDY 1993- 2007) ABSTRACT Increasing

adolescent population followed by an

increase double burden nutrition problems in

developing countries, including Indonesia,

because adolescence is one of the age groups

vulnerable nutritional problems as a result of

poor birth history and nutritional status, and

then have bad consequences the next life

cycle. This study aimed to obtain a predictive

model body mass index (BMI) based on the

birth history and children nutritional status by

controlling the characteristics of children,

parents, environmental health, and family

socioeconomic status. This study uses data of

the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) a

longitudinal study design. The number of

sample is 837 under five children selected by

multistage random sampling. The birth history

measured from birth weight and gestational

age. Measurement of nutritional status

carried out 4 times, when under five years

(IFLS 1993), 5-9 years (IFLS 1997), 8-12 years

(IFLS 2000) and adolescents 15-19 years (IFLS

2007). Method of analysis using multinomial

logistic regression would predict adolescent

risk of thin/very thin and overweight/obesity.

The results showed mean of birth weight

women less than147 grams. There are 7.4%

born with low birth weight, with a higher

prevalence of women infants (9.3%). There

was no difference in mean gestational age by

sex (36.9 weeks). Discovered the double

burden of nutritional problems at under five

years children. 47% stunting, 29.7%

underweight, 10% wasting and 13.9%

overweight/obesity, where the nutritional

status of children of women worse than men.

Composite index anthropometry showed that

51.7% had under five year children growth

faltering, stunting as the highest contribution

and then followed by wasting and

underweight. Poor nutritional status in

infancy tend to persist through adolescence.

Stunting in under five year tend to remain

stunted through adolescence, as well as BMI

problem. Risk adolescents thin/very thin can

be predicted from thin/very thin at the age of

5-9 years (OR = 8.5 95% CI: 3.04 to 24.03) and

age 8-12 years (OR = 7.7 95% CI: 3.06 to

19.43). Adolescent overweight/obesity can be

predicted from the gestational age preterm

(OR = 2.7 95% CI: 1.02 to 7.53), stunting aged

8-12 years (OR = 2.9 95% CI: 1.14 - 7.84), and

overweight/obese aged 8-12 years (OR = 10.2

95% CI: 4.08 to 25.41). The risk of adolescent

overweight/obesity influenced by other

factors: women children, non-exclusive

breastfeeding, short maternal height, and

maternal overweight/obesity. To break the

chain of continuity of growth disorders from

birth through adolescence need priority

interventions in young women who play an

important role in continuing the life cycle,

prevent preterm and fetal programming

before pregnancy of the consequences

sustained in the life cycle. Need evaluation of

supplementary feeding programs are more

focused on weight gain without considering

the height. Keywords: LBW, preterm, stunting,

BMI, Thinness, overweight, obesity,

adolescent



ID: 62

4. LEVEL OF RADIATION EXPOSURE IN

SEVERAL HOSPITALS IN INDONESIA

Frans Suharyanto, Ratih Oemiati,

Mulyono Notosiswoyo

Pusat Teknologi Terapan Kesehatan dan

Epidemiologi Klinik (Pusat 2)

Level of radiation exposure in several

hospitals in Indonesia Abstract Background:

The Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency of

Indonesia (BAPETEN) decreed the standard

dose of the exposed worker (radiation

workers). The purpose of this study was to

know the dose of the radiation exposure to

workers in their workplaces in several

hospitals in Indonesia. Methods: Cross

sectional study, interviewing, observing and

measuring the dose of the radiation exposure

to workers in their workplaces. The dose of

the radiation exposure to workers will be

divided according to their workplaces such as

radio-diagnostic, radio therapy and nuclear

medicine. Population of this study was all the

medical workers who were exposed to

radiation in nine hospitals in six provinces.

Results: The total respondents involved in this

study were 103 people of 9 hospitals. More

male (51.3%) than female, and they were

mostly 40-44 years old (27%). The highest

exposure on the exposed workers in several

workplaces was occurred while they were

doing heart catheterization, with the range

dose of 5 to 32.50 uSv/hour ( limited dose

value is 25 uSv/hour) . Meanwhile, in other

radio-diagnostic places (CT scan, fluoroscopy,

and C-arm) the radiation exposure was in the

range of 0.20 to 10 uSv/hour, 0.11 to 25

uSv/hour in radiotherapy and 3 to 8 uSv/hour

in the nuclear medicine. Conclusion: Heart

catheterization workers had beyond allowable

per hour radiation exposure. The others

workers had less allowable per hour radiation

exposure. Key words: radiation exposure,

radiation worker and limited dose value

ID: 66

5. TRANSLATING RESEARCH TO POLICY: A

CASE STUDY OF NOT FOR PROFIT

HOSPITALS IN INDONESIA

Mia Urbano, Shita Dewi and Dr Laksono

Trisnantoro, Dr Krishna Hort

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Nossal Institute

for Global Health, University of Melbourne

BACKGROUND: This presentation describes

the findings of a case study that examined the

policy influence of research on not for profit

(NFP) hospitals in Indonesia. In 2009, the

Centre for Health Service Management

(CHSM) at University of Gadja Mada

undertook research into the scale and role of

the non-state hospital sector in Indonesia. The

research found that non-state hospitals

account for 50% of the total number of

hospitals in Indonesia, and that NFP hospitals

are the dominant non-state provider and are

often the only health care provider located

outside district capitals. Further findings

revealed that the growth of NFP hospitals in

Indonesia had stagnated over the last decade,

and that NFP hospitals were tending to

neglect their public welfare mission, as a

result of financial pressures from the lack of

government subsidies or taxation

concessions. Recognising the threat to health

service access for the poor, especially in rural

and remote areas, the researchers

communicated their findings to NFP hospital

associations and together they advocated for

tax concessions to be included within the new

Indonesian Hospital Act. While this advocacy

contributed to new provisions in relation to

NFP hospitals in the hospital law of 2009,

further engagement with policy makers in the

Ministry of Health (MoH) failed to finalize the

necessary regulations over the subsequent 2

years. OBJECTIVES: Examination of how


research can be utilised to influence health

policy is recognized as complex, with few

published studies of actual implementation.

The case study that is the focus of this

presentation was undertaken in mid-2012,

and investigated whether the CHSM research

had any influence on policy and how that

influence occurred. METHODS: The case study

consisted of documentary analysis of research

papers, communication materials, and policy

documents, supplemented by interviews of

key stakeholders. Data collection and analysis

used a framework developed from the

literature of the factors identified as

potentially influencing knowledge translation.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The case study

identified changes in the attitudes and

willingness to engage with government

among NFPs and MoH policy makers, but also

found barriers within the MoH which

constrained the engagement of non state

groups in policy making, and suggest the need

for new governance mechanisms.

ID: 70

6. CLEAN WATER AND TOILET

AVAILABILITY SUPPORTED MULTIPLE

GOALS AND TARGETS OF MILLENNIUM

DEVELOPMENT GOALS. A CASE REPORT

ON EAST LOMBOK ELEMENTARY

SCHOOLS, INDONESIA

Dwi Susilowati

Pusat Humaniora, Kebijakan Kesehatan

dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Pusat 4)

Background: Improved water and sanitation is

linked to school enrolment and attendance,

especially for girls and it empower women

because it will contribute to gender equality

(goal 3). Goal 7 of the Millennium

Development Goals (MDGs) addresses

environmental sustainability, with a target

(target 10) to œhalve, by 2015, the proportion

of people without sustainable access to safe

drinking water and basic sanitation•. The

achievement of target 10 also contributes to

lowering child mortality (target 5), a reduction

of the incidence of major infectious diseases

(target 8), and a better quality of life for slum

populations (target 11). Objectives: to

observe the availability of water sources,

toilet and soap availability within selected

elementary schools. To observe the gender

needs for toilet usage. Method: the

respondents were 420 students’ grade 4 and 5

selected by a simple random sampling and 80

teachers which were chosen purposively from

20 selected schools that participated in hand

washing school program conducted by WFP

and Unilever at East Lombok. Results: The

water source for latrine and hand washing

came from protected well (52.5%), piped

water (31.3%), unprotected well (8.8%), river

(6.3%), and spring

water/stream/pond/lake/dam (5%). Most

water sources were located at school

premises (87.5%). There were 95.0%

functioning latrines for teachers, 88.8%

functioning latrines for boys and girls

combined and 11.3% functioning separated

latrines between boys and girls. There were

90 toilets within 20 schools, i.e. approximately

one toilet for about 50 students and teachers.

There were only 8 schools that had toilet just

for female students, while that is important to

give the girls more privacy especially during

menstruation. Conclusions: water, toilet and

soap availability were partially available in

those schools. Toilet separation between boys

and girls are still needed. Key words: water,

toilet, gender, elementary school, Indonesia.



ID: 83

7. RELATED FACTORS TO MIDWIFES

COMPLIANCE IN PARTOGRAPH

FULFILLMENT OF CHILDBIRTH PROCESS

AT PRACTICE MIDWIFE CLINIC IN EAST

BEKASI AREA IN 2012

Aprilya Sintarini, Prof. Herman Sudiman,

SKM, APU, dr. Noegroho Iman Santoso

MKes.

Respati Indonesia University

Partograph is an early warning system to help

midwife in decision making whether the

childbirth has to be referred or to be

accelerated or to be ended. Nowadays,

partograph has not yet used as it has to be.

When referring the childbirth with

complication, midwife often excludes the

partograph as attachment. This indicates that

midwives do not fill the partograph or do not

understand how to do it. The purpose of this

research is to describe the midwife’s

compliance in Partograph Fulfillment of

Childbirth Process at Practice Midwife Clinic,

and the correlation with ages, educations,

knowledge’s, experiences, attitudes,

apparatus, trainings and colleague’s support.

This research is using Quantitative approach

with cross sectional design and qualitative

method with participative observation

technique. This research is implemented at

East Bekasi area on May - July 2012. Subjects

of this research are private practice midwives

at East Bekasi area with total 112 people,

based on inclusion criteria. The analysis of this

research is using univariat analysis (frequency

distribution), bivariat analysis (chi square),

and multivariat analysis (double logistic

regression). The result of univariat analysis

indicates that obedient midwives are 56,3%,

equal or more than 35 years old midwives are

56,3%, midwives with high education (80,4%),

midwives with very good knowledge (73,2%),

midwives with 5 years experience or more

(70,5%), midwives with negative attitude

(61.6%), midwives who have partographs

(89,3%), trained midwives (53,6%), midwives

with colleague support (62,5%). The result of

bivariat analysis indicates that there is no

correlation between ages, education and

experiences to the compliance of partograph

usage. The final result of multivariat analysis

indicates that colleague support is the most

dominant variable (OR 62,148) after

controlled by knowledge and attitude

variables. Conclusions from this quantitative

research are, the most respondents’

education level are at least diploma; negative

attitude of the respondents have major

influences in how-to fill up the partograp; half

of the respondents are already got the

training; more than half of the respondents

supported each others; respondents age are

almost spreaded equally on each age level

and compliant levels are almost the same at

50%; there are still non-compliant

respondents, although they have partograph

near by their clinic/practice area. Qualitative

result indicates that compliant level

determined by the amount of

patients/visitors; lack of resources; fatigues;

sleepiness; and laziness. Good leadership in

how to comply and to fill the partograph, will

influence midwife’s assistant and in-house

training students, as a good major habit.

ID: 95

8. ETHNOSAINS COMMUNITY OF MALARIA

IN OUTBREAK AREA: ROWOKELE

SUBDISTRICT, KEBUMEN REGENCY,

JAWA TENGAH PROVINCE

Anggi Septia Irawan, Aryani Pujiyanti

Balai Besar Litbang Vektor dan Reservoir

Penyakit

Malaria is becoming a re-emerging diseases in

Central Java, especially for Kebumen Regency,

it has been hit by malaria outbreak with the


increasing case. A study was conducted in

rural area of sub district Rowokele, Kebumen,

Central Java to identify local knowledge and

practice of the community, becoming one of

the importance factor for vector borne

disease controlling, including malaria’s

controlling. The overall objective of the study

is to obtain and interpret detailed grassroots

information of Rowokele Society

understanding about the causation and

transmission of malaria so as to select priority

of interventions to improve home based

management and prevention of malaria. This

research was conducted between June 2011

and November 2011, apply qualitative

method of ethnography focused on

ethnosains study. Data were retrieved from

33 in-depth interviews and focus-group

discussions and unstructured observations.

Qualitative thematic content analysis was

apply to understanding .

ID: 107

9. BIOECOLOGY STUDY ON ABOUT

MALARIA VECTOR ANOPHELES SPP IN

ROWOKELE SUBDISTRICT, KEBUMEN

REGENCY, JAWA TENGAH PROVINCE

Dhian Prastowo, Yusnita Mirna Anggraini

Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan

Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Salatiga

(B2P2VRP)

In order to support local government health

program for The Central Java Provincial

Malaria-Free 2015, this research was

conducted in the village of Wagirpandan

Rowokele Subdistrict Kebumen Regency

Central Java Province. This study aimed to

identify and study the fauna, the

characteristic behavior of mosquito vectors

and the characteristics of its habitat (breeding

location) mosquito vectors of malaria,

furthermore was to know the location

characteristics of the spread of mosquitoes in

the research area. This type of research is

descriptive exploratif by taking population.

ID: 108

10. THE ABILITY OF RHIZOPUS

OLIGOSPORUS MOULD TO SYNTHESIS

THE VITAMIN B1, B2, B12 DAN FOLIC

ACID ON THE PALM OIL WASTE

SUBSTRAT IN THE SOLID

FERMENTATION)

Drs. Erwin Affandi dan Heru Yuniati



Background: The experiment was conducted

to test the ability of Rhizopus oligosporus

mould to synthesis the vitamin B1, B2, B12,

and Folic acid on palm oil waste substrate in

the solid state fermentation. The objectives of

the study based on the abundant amount of

palm oil waste product and the ability of

R.oligosporus to synthesis the vitamin B

through the biotechnology fermentation

process.Metodology: To enrich the substrate

was conducted by formulated the substrate

with added the urea as a source of nitrogen

and sucrose as a source of carbon. The mould

R.oligosporus was used as a mix culture which

is used in the fermented soybean production.

The fermentation was carried out for 3 days in

incubator at 370C. Product of fermentation

was analyzed the water, vitamin B1, B2, B12,

and folic acid contents.Result: There was a

distinct result in the water content, where the

palm oil waste as a control and palm oil waste

added urea decreased and the palm oil waste

added sucrose increased. In general, the

vitamin B contents in the all substrates

increased, while the vitamin B1 decreased.

The vitamin B1 value in substrates of palm oil

waste as a control, added with urea, and

added with sucrose decreased 46,91, 20,31

and 30,76 percent. The vitamin B2 value in



substrates of palm oil waste as a control,

added with urea, and added with sucrose

consecutively increased 45,07; 14,89; and

57,57 percent. The vitamin B12 value was also

increasing by 30,0; 12,5; and 25,0 percent for

all the substrate . The vitamin folic acid value

was also increased 37,31; 4,19; and 15,17

percent for all the substrate.Conclusion:

During the fermentation process of palm oil

waste, the Rhizopus oligosporus mould has an

ability to produce vitamin B2, B12, and folic

acid, while the vitamin B1 decreased. The

palm oil waste substrate without supplement

is the best substrate in producing vitamin B2,

B12, and folic acid. Sucrose as a source of

carbon has positive effects on increasing

vitamin B2, B12, and folic acid contents. Urea

as a source of nitrogen shows the slightly

effect in increasing the vitamin B. Keywords:

palm oil waste, Rhizopus oligosporus, vitamin

B, and solid state fermentation.

ID: 110

11. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFESTYLE

WITH THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE

ELDERLY IN STABAT DISTRICT LANGKAT

REGENCY 2012

Setia Sihombing, Prof. Dr. Herman

Sudiman, SKM, AP, Atik Kridawati, ST,

MKes

Respati University Of Indonesia

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators

of the quality of healthcare, acccording to the

assessment of Human Depelovment Index.

Indonesia is ranked at 108 with a life

expectancy of 71.5 years with only a 0.677

HDI. A special problem faced by the elderly is

influence of the aging process can cause

various problems in achieving good quality of

life, whether physically, biologically, mentally

and socio-economically. The quality of life for

the elderly, other than depending on

engineering factors every living creature that

is hereditary and can not be changed, also

depends on external factors for example, a

healthy lifestyle that does not run properly. In

Stabat District, many elderly have difficulties

in daily activities due to pain and other

diseases, where the percentage of sick elderly

people reached 32%. The objective of the

research was to determine the relationship

between lifestyle with the quality of life of the

elderly in Stabat District, Langkat Regency,

2012. The type of the research was

quantitative descriptive research with "cross

sectional" design. The population were the

entire elderly people in Stabat District Langkat

Regency, with the sampling using the

randomly (simple random sampling) with

lottery technique to select as many as 110

people. The data was collected by interview

with questionnaire with the quality of life

instrument taken from WHOQOL BREF and

the lifestyle instrument. The data analysis was

done with chi square test and multiple logistic

regression test. The study bivariat results

showed that tere is a relationship between

lifestyle with the quality of life for the elderly.

Variables related were eating habits (p =

0,003), exercise habits (p = 0,000), smoking (p

= 0,009), stress controlling (p = 0,019), resting

habits (p = 0,002), and recreational habits (p =

0,047). Thus it can be concluded that a good

exercise habit is the most dominant lifestyle

variable (OR = 5.156) after controlled with the

eating habits variable. It is recommended to

the healthcaree workers to increase their role

in implementing elderly health program by

providing counseling with sport habit.

Bibliography : 45 (1992-2012) Keyword(s) :

Lifestyle, The quality of life of the elderly.


ID: 112

12. NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECT IN

PNEUMONIA IN INDONESIA CHILDREN

UNDER-5: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS

Rizanda Machmud, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo,

Darfioes Basir, Adang Bakhtiar,Panji

Hadisoemarto, Philips Loh, Anuraj H

Shankar

Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University

Background: In Indonesia, Pneumonia

contributes greatly to under-5 mortality rates.

Though previous studies have found that

many significant individual level risk factors

for pneumonia exist, little work has been

done on neighborhood-level risk factors. Thus,

this paper aims to supplement previous

working by considering the neighborhood

level risk factors that might influence the

rates of pneumonia by determining whether

differences existing the odds of having

pneumonia for an under-five child between

different house hold and district levels risk

factors. Methods: The study uses data from

the Benefit Evaluation Study (BES) II,

undertaken by the Center of Health Study at

the University of Indonesia and funded by the

Intensified Communicable Disease Control

(ICDC) Project and the Indonesian Ministry of

Health. Research was done in 27 districts from

7 provinces in Indonesia in 2005, with a

sample size of 7,170 children under-5 within

10,900 households. We used multilevel

logistic regression to determine the

Intracluster Correlation Coefficient (ICC), the

median odds ratio (MOR) and the Interval

odds ratio (IOR). This was done to determine

the relative contribution of neighborhood and

household level risk factors on the incidence

of pneumonia. Results: Odds to have

pneumonia was 4.9% (95% CI: 3.4-7.1). The

ICC calculation result that relative

contributions of households level on

occurrence pneumonia was 10.56%; then the

contribution the district is 10.19%. The

calculation of the MOR and the IOR for some

selected significant house hold and district

level factors show; On a household level, the

MOR between the person with higher risk

pneumonia and the person with lower risk of

pneumonia is estimated to be 1.85 with an

IOR 2.17-23.0. On a district level, we found

the MOR was 1.88 with the IOR 2.13-23.47.

Conclusions: We found several neighborhood

level risk-factors that are significantly

associated with the incidence of pneumonia in

Indonesia. The Ministry of Health should

consider these risk factors and create

programs that are target populations most-at-

risk for developing pneumonia. It means that

the strategic planning might not make target

program be the same for all district. And must

be selected which kind of house hold should

be come promotive target. Keywords:

pneumonia, house hold level, district level,

multilevel analysis, neighborhood effect

ID: 116

13. MODEL OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENT

SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN SURABAYA,

2012

Arief Hargono, Lucia Y Hendrati

School of Public Health, Airlangga

University

Backgrounds Traffic accident is second leading

cause of death for age groups 15-60. National

police data mentions that in 2009 there have

been 57,726 traffic accidents. Traffic accidents

in Surabaya in 2010 reached 711 cases with

941 deaths. Unfortunately, the accident traffic

control has not been programmed optimally.

The monitoring program such as surveillance

hopefully could do coordination among

relevant institution to collect data and

generate useful information to prevent and

reduce the incidence of traffic accidents.



Objectives The objectives of this research are

to develop model of traffic accidents

surveillance system in Surabaya based on

surveillance components. Surveillance

components studied were data collection,

data analysis, generated information and

dissemination of information. Method This

study was an operational research to describe

model of traffic accident surveillance system.

The respondent was the officer whom

responsible for recording and reporting in

Satlantas Polwiltabes Surabaya and

surveillance officers in Surabaya District

Health Office. The data was collected by in-

depth interview using in-depth interview

guide. Research supported by document study

using observational sheets to studied accident

data and form of recording and reporting of

traffic accidents. Results Type of data required

by the surveillance of traffic accidents are

characteristics of victims and accident

information. Characteristics of victim’s data

are age, occupation, education, gender,

ownership of driving license and the victim’s

status. Accident information data consist of

time of accident, the parties involved, types of

injuries, loss of material, cause of the incident,

number of vehicles, type of vehicle and

weather conditions. Data analyzed by

descriptive analysis on a monthly basis. Data

interpretation produces trend analysis and

comparing data with the previous month. The

results of data analysis are information of

accidents character, characteristic of victim,

causes an accident, settlement process and

characteristic of offenders. The generated

information is used to determine accident-

prone areas and accident prevention

program. Data disseminated to Polres, Polda,

District Health Office, insurance companies

and hospitals. Conclusions Some data need to

be added to improve the quality of traffic

accidents surveillance. The data are

proportion of the number of cases

investigated among reported cases, the length

of time officers got to the scene, length of

time victim was taken to hospital and risk

factors data such as medical history of victims.

The data can be used to measure the quality

of services and identify the causes of the

accident. Keywords: surveillance, traffic,

accident, model

ID: 117

14. THE USE OF CLINICAL PATHWAY AND

STROKE REGISTRY FOR IMPROVING

QUALITY OF CARE IN STROKE PATIENTS

Rizaldy Pinzon, Laksmi Asanti, Sugianto,

Kriswanto Widyo

Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta

Background: The stroke care pathway is a

simple resource that provides the user with a

summary of the key aspects of care that

should be considered for people with stroke

at any stage in their care. The hospital based

stroke registry is developed for monitoring

the process and outcome of stroke patients.

There is very limited study about the use of

stroke clinical pathway in Indonesia. Aim: This

study described the process of developing and

implementation of clinical care pathway for

patients with acute stroke. Method: The

method of this study is after-before analysis.

We compare the process and outcome of

ischemic stroke patients before and after the

pilot implementation of the pathway. The

data was obtained from the stroke registry.

The data was analyzed descriptively and

analytically. Result: The data obtained from

124 ischemic stroke patients. The data consist

of 62 patients after the implementation of

clinical pathway and 62 patients before the

implementation. The analysis showed that

there are improvement in the tracing for

stroke risk factors, swallowing assessment,

nutritional consultation, and functional status

measurement after the pathway

implementation. The use of clinical pathway


decrease the complications (3,2% VS 14,5%,

RR : 0,22; 95% CI : 0,05 - 0,99, p : 0,027) .

There is no significant difference of mortality

rate after clinical pathway implementation

(6,5% VS 1,6%, RR : 4, 95% CI:0,46 - 34,78, p

:0,365). The mean cost of care is lower Rp

1.492.136,25 in clinical pathway group. There

are not significant reductions on the average

length of stay and mortality rate between the

two periods. Conclusion: Our study showed

that clinical pathway is improving the

indicator of stroke care services. The use of

clinical pathway is associated with fewer

complications. Key words: clinical pathway-

stroke registry-outcome of care.

ID: 119

15. A DECADE OF INEQUALITY IN UNMET

NEED FAMILY PLANNING IN INDONESIA

(1997-2007)

Ni'mal Baroya

Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics

and Population - Public Health Faculty -

University of Jember

Background: Indonesia was committed to the

fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG-5)

target of reducing its maternal mortality ratio

by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015.

The met need for safe and effective

contraception can reduce maternal mortality

through unwanted pregnancy prevention.

Nationally, there has been an increased

contraceptive prevalence rate in Indonesia.

However, it is not in line with a decreased

unmet need for family planning. The change

of policy on family planning financing which

benefits poor families can hopefully meet the

contraceptive needs, especially those living in

developing countries. Objective: To examine

trends in the odds ratio of unmet need family

planning according to key socio-economic

status. Method: We used data from three

Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys

conducted between 1997 and 2007. The

subjects were all married women aged 15-49

years old. Data analysis used a chi-square

technique to assess the effect of socio-

economic status on the odds of unmet need

for family planning. Result: Based on the IDHS

1997, 2002-2003 and 2007, the odds ratio of

unmet need was greater in poorest women

than richest, never attending any formal

education, and having low level of family

planning knowledge. Other significant factors

for the odds of unmet need were unexposed

women with family planning information,

problems in the access for contraceptive

service and residential status in urban area.

According economic status, education, family

planning knowledge and exposed family

planning information, trend in the odds ratio

of unmet need was decreased from IDHS 1997

to 2007, but there was no changed in the

access for contraceptive service and

residential status. Conclusion: The

implementation of policy on family planning

financing for poor households can reduce the

odds of unmet need in which the policy is

then followed by the efforts on the

improvement of women education, family

planning knowledge and exposed family

planning information. Keywords: family

planning, unmet need, inequality

ID: 122

16. PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANT OF

OBESITY AMONG ELDERLY IN JAKARTA

Regina Satya Wiraharja, Charles Surjadi

Atma Jaya Catholic University

Objectives: In Indonesia few attention are put

on nutrition status of elderly people, while

obesity is a risk factor of non communicable

diseases, we look for the prevalence and

determinants of obesity among elderly people

in Jakarta, based on 2007 national health



research data. Methods: Census block were

selected by probability proportional to size

methods. Households were selected by simple

random sampling of selected census blocks.

People aged 55 year and above from selected

households were included as individual

samples (1671 respondents). Respondents

were asked on their characteristics (age, sex,

marriage status, number of household

members), socioeconomic status (education,

work, economic percentile), health problems

(heart diseases, mental problems, dental

problems, diabetes, arthritis, joint problems,

hypertension) and behavior (fruit intake,

alcohol intake, vegetables intake, physical

activities). Body Mass Index was used to

measure obesity (underweight: less than 18.5,

normal: 18.5-24.9, overweight and obese: 25

or above). Data was analyzed by chi square

and multiple logistic regression methods.

Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity

among elderly persons is 30.3 %. There are

25.2 % smokers and 30 % household mothers.

Age less than 75 years old, being women,

being as household mother, higher

socioeconomic status, not being head of

households, do medium physical activities,

smoking regularly, have non communicable

diseases (such as diabetes and cardiac

diseases) are significantly related to obesity (p

< 0.05). Multivariate analysis shows that

elderly aged 65 - 74 year (OR = 2.0; CI 95% =

1.28 - 3.12;), elderly aged 55-65 year (OR =

1.9, CI 95% = 1.2-2.7), household mother (OR

= 1.73; CI 95% = 1.3 - 2.4), elderly with higher

socioeconomic status (OR = 1.8; CI 95% = 1.25

- 2.56), elderly with mild physical activities

(OR = 1.9 ; CI 95% = 1.3 - 2.71;), and regular

smokers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.19 - 2.16;) are

more likely to be overweight and obese.

Conclusions: This study calls for attention on

obesity prevention program for elderly people

at Jakarta as part of NCD and elderly program.

The program should targets on household

mothers and smokers, and facilitates higher

social economic groups to actively do physical

activities.

ID: 125

17. ARTEMISININ PLUS NAPTHOQUINE

VERSUS DIHYDROARTEMISININ PLUS

PIPERAQUINE IN ADULT SUBJECTS WITH

PLASMODIUM VIVAX INFECTION IN

INDONESIA

Armedy Ronny Hasugian, Hadjar

Siswantoro, Telly Purnamasari, Srilaning

Driyah, Lidwina Yanuar, Tersila Adolorata

Dua Dedang, Asep Purnama, Emiliana

Tjitra



Background: Dihydroartemisinin plus

piperaquine (DHP) against Plasmodium vivax

(Pv) was reported highly effective with a cure

rate of >95% and mild adverse event.

Artemisinin plus napthoquine (AN) is a new

promising artemisinin-based combined drug

which is given only with a single dose and

effective for P.vivax malaria. However, there

was reported an increasing proportion of Pv in

Indonesia. Therefore, we conduct a clinical

trial of these artemisinin-based combined

drugs in Pv malaria cases. Objective: To

determine the efficacy and safety of AN

compared with DHP in adults subjects

infected with P vivax. Methods: This is a part

of phase III clinical trial of AN versus DHP in

adult subjects with uncomplicated malaria

using the 2003 WHO protocol for assessing

drug efficacy. A total of 158 Pv subjects were

recruited in the trial, 80 subjects were

randomized selected with AN and other 78

subjects with DHP. Subjects were observed

clinically and parasitologically for 42 days. The

efficacy of the drug was analysed in intention

to treat (ITT), modified ITT (MITT) and per

protocol (PP) population and presented in

survival curves using SPSS 17. Results: Efficacy


of AN versus DHP on day 42 in the ITT

population were 93.7% (95% CI: 88.4% - 99%)

vs 89.7% (95% CI: 83% - 96.4%) with Log Rank

Mantel Hazel =0.354, in MITT were 97.3%

(95% CI: 93.6% - 100%) vs 94.6% (95% CI:

89.7% - 94.6%) with Log Rank Mantel Hazel=

0.380 and in PP were 100% in both groups.

The proportion of parasite clearance was

100% after 64 hours post-treatment with a

median of parasite clearance times 24 (8-64)

hours in AN, and 16 (8-56) hours in DHP.

Adverse events (nausea, sleeping disturbance,

abdominal pain and fatigue in AN; and

vomiting in DHP) were reported mild and

occurred <10%. Conclusion: The results

demonstrate that the efficacies of AN and

DHP do not significantly different and meet

with the WHO recommendation. Both drugs

were tolerated with mild adverse events.

Keywords: malaria, artemisinin,

dihydroartemisinin, napthoquine, P vivax

ID: 126

18. EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ARTESUNATE -

AMODIAQUINE AND CHLOROQUINE IN

PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA

INFECTION, MAUMERE, EAST NUSA

TENGGARA

Armedy Ronny Hasugian, Emiliana Tjitra



Background: Indonesia as a high endemic

malaria country has a problem with

chloroquine (CQ) resistance. In 2006, East

Nusa Tenggara province reported 618.364

malaria cases with an annual malaria

incidence (AMI) of 145 per 1000 population,

and an annual parasite incidence (API) of 30

per 1000 population. Although artesunate-

amodiaquine (AsAq) was started use in 2004,

the efficacy of AsAq showed only 52% for

P.vivax malaria in Papua. There is also a need

to evaluate the efficacy of CQ and AsAq in

East Nusa Tenggara province, other endemic

area. Objective: To compare the efficacy and

safety of AsAq and CQ for P vivax malaria in

Maumere. Methods: This was a prospective

evaluation of AsAq and CQ using the 2001

WHO protocol for assessment the therapeutic

efficacy of antimalarial drug at the Kopeta

Primary Health Care in 2007. The subject with

monoinfection of P. vivax was selected

according to the inclusion and exclusion

criteria, and randomly given AsAq or CQ under

close supervision. Subjects were followed for

28 day clinically and microscopically for

malaria parasites. The therapeutic efficacy

was presented in survival curve using SPSS 15.

The safety was assessed by clinical only.

Results: A total of 100 subjects were recruited

with a ratio of 1:1. The day-28 efficacy of

AsAq versus CQ by Intention To Treat (ITT)

analysis were 88% (44/50) versus 38.0%

(19/50) with p<0.000 and per protocol (PP)

analysis were 93.6% (44/47) versus 51.4% (

19/37) with p<0.000. Two cases treated with

CQ had early treatment failure (ETF) by day 3.

The common reported adverse events in AsAq

were vomiting (26%), anorexia ( 22%) and

nausea (18 %). Either in CQ, vomiting (20.4% )

was the most common reported adverse

event. (10/49). Two cases were hospitalized

due to repeated vomiting after CQ treatment.

Conclusion: The efficacy of AsAq was

significantly better than CQ for treatment. Of

P. vivax. Vomiting is the frequent adverse

event in AsAq and CQ. An alternative

tolerated ACT is needed for having a better

efficacy. Key word: artesunate, amodiaquine,

choloquine, P. vivax.



ID: 132

19. QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY IN

SUMBERSARI SUB-DISTRICT JEMBER,

2012: QOL COMPARISON BASED ON

THEIR SOSIO DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOSIO

ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTIC.

Ratna Frenty Nurkhalim, Nur Fahita

Jember University

Backgrounds: The increasing population of

elderly has recently become a focus of

interest in developing countries because of

increasing life expectancy. Objectives: This

research aims to compare elderly people’s

quality of life based on their sosio

demographic and sosio economic

characteristic. Methods: A cross-sectional

study was conducted among 211 elderly aged

60 and over, who lived in Sumbersari sub-

district Jember. Data were collected by using

WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire from May to

June, 2012. Statistics used for data analysis

were Chi Square, Mann Whitney and Kruskal

Wallis analysis. Results: The study found

45.5% elderly had a good level of quality of

life, followed by moderate (25.6%), poor

(22.3%,) very good (4.7%) and very poor

(1.9%). Data analysis showed a significant

different of quality of life in ethnic variance

(p-value=0,000; CI=95%). The Quality of life

difference according to age, gender, marital

status, occupational and acquisition variance

were not significant. Conclusions: Quality of

life of elderly in Sumbersari Sub-district

Jember was different according to their ethnic

variance. It means that quality of life of

Javanese, Maduranese and other settler in

Sumbersari sub-district was different. Based

on this research, health promotion throuh

elderly integrated service and developing

multi sector approach between department of

health and departement of education need to

be improved. Keywords: Eldery, quality of life

ID: 133

20. LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS EPIDEMIOLOGY

IN KOTA BESI SUBDISTRICT,

KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR DISTRICT

CENTRAL BORNEO PROVINCE

Budi Setiawan, Soeyoko, Tri Baskoro T

Satoto

Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,

University of Gadjah Mada

Background. In Southeast Asia, as much as

60% of the population has been infected with

filariasis. Meanwhile, according to Indonesia's

health profile, filariasis cases increase each

year in Indonesia. In 2008 as many as 11.699

cases has been reported. Distribution of the

disease tends to spread in rural areas and

epidemiological data needed about filariasis

elimination program should be limited. AIM.

The research aims to find out filariasis vector

species and their bionomic aspect, to find out

the cause of lymphatic filariasis microfilaria

species and to find out the clinical symptoms

of human patients with lymphatic filariasis.

METHOD. This research conducted from

February to June, 2011. This research is a

descriptive observational study with 386

samples of citizens who are willing to be

respondent and to have blood drawn.

Capillary blood sampling did at night by such

loop coils sampling. Collecting mosquitoes

done 10 times by people indoor and outdoor

as bait, using light traps and in the morning.

RESULT. 386 peripheral blood samples

examined, the results are 4 people suffering

microfilaremia, the average density of

microfilaria in the blood 4.45 and found filarial

species Brugia malayi. Periodicity of

microfilariae is nocturnal periodic with

harmonic waves and some nocturnal sub-

periodic with the non harmonic waves. Mf

rate is 1.04%, Acute Disease Rate is 5.44%,

while Cronic Disease Rate is 0%. The five

months collecting vector mosquitoes gains as


many as 23.194 heads, most mosquitoes are

Mansonia uniformis (25.60%), Ma. Bonneae

(20.70%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (19.41%),

An. maculatus (16.75%), An. balabacensis

(15.27%), Ae. albopictus (1.39%), Ae. aegypti

(0.88%). The highest density was caught in

June with peak biting activity at 09:00 p.m to

10:00 p.m. However, this study found no larva

3 (L3) in the mosquitoes body examined, so it

needs further experiments in laboratory using

membrane feeding. Conclusion. Filariasis

occurring in Kotabesi is lymphatic filariasis

caused by Brugia malayi, an infection in the

evening related to the behaviour of

mosquitoes acting as vectors. Key words :

Brugia malayi, Lymphatic filariasis, Periodisity,

Mansonia uniformis.

ID: 138

21. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEX,

NUTRITIONAL STATUS, PHYSICAL

ACTIVITY, AND NUTRITION INTAKES

WITH PHYSICAL FITNESS STATUS OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN

KEBUMEN DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA

PROVINCE, INDONESIA 2011

Eskaning Pawestri, dr. H. Engkus Kusdinar

Achmad, MPH

PUSKA FKM UI

Many researches showed concern regarding

physical fitness condition among Indonesian

people. The concern is related to the fact that

low physical fitness status leads to adverse

effects for health, such as cardiovascular

diseases. This research is aimed to analyze the

relation between sex, nutritional status,

physical activity, and nutrition intakes with

physical fitness status. The study applied

cross-sectional design. A total of 293 students

(adolescent aged 15-18 years old) from

Kebumen District, Central Java Province,

Indonesia were enrolled in the study. Physical

fitness was measured using by Indonesian

Physical Fitness Test for Adolescent 16-19

Years (Indonesian terms: Test Kesegaran

Jasmani Indonesia untuk Remaja Usia 16-19

Tahun/TKJI). Components of the test are

sprint (60 m), pull up (60 s), sit up (60 s),

vertical jump, and running (1000-1200 m).

Moreover, nutritional status variable was

measured by percent of body fat and

BMI/Year. Meanwhile, sex, nutrition intakes,

and physical activity variables were measured

by using questionnaire. The study showed

that 58.7% respondents were identified as

having low physical fitness status. The

variables having statistically significant

association with physical fitness status are

sex, nutritional status (BMI/Year and percent

of body fat), physical activity (exercise), intake

of macronutrient (fat) and micronutrient

(vitamin C). The result also showed that men’s

physical fitness status is higher than women’s.

Based on food recall 24 hours-questionnaires,

most of students have low mineral and

micronutrient intake. The author suggests

that District Education, Youth, and Exercise

Office makes a curriculum which obligate

schools to conduct fitness test twice a year in

order to monitor student physical fitness

status. Moreover schools should provide

more variety of food at cafeteria, particularly

vegetables and fruits. These are essential in

fulfilling micronutrient intake for student.

Furthermore schools should support student

activities such as basketball, football, aerobic,

in purpose improving physical fitness.



ID: 140

22. THE INDICATORS OF CHEMICALLY

WATER POLLUTION MODELING (BOD)

WITH GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED

REGRESSION

Ronny Koesnariyanto

BBTKLPP Surabaya

The Indicators of Chemically Water Pollution

Modeling (BOD) With Geographically

Weighted Regression Background. Spatial

data is measurement data of location

information. On spatial data, an observation

in a location frequently depends on

neighboring locations. Objectives. To

overcome the problem of spatial data, the

statistical method that will be used is

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR),

namely a model that uses geographical factors

as a predictor variable that can affect

response variables. Result. The indicators of

body water pollution of water river of BOD

values from rivers in Surabaya is closely

related to location or position of the river

point because each river has the

characteristics of a river network such as

width of a river, depth of a river, river flow

rate, stream flow, and temperature of a river

that are different from one another. The

analysis to know the significant on BOD values

and to get the best model is done with the

analysis of GWR regression by using weighting

kernel bisquare functions. The application of

GWR model on the data of BOD values of

rivers in Surabaya shows geographical factors

or spatial variations that influence

significantly. In other words, there is a

significant difference between OLS and GWR

models. Based on significant variables, rivers

in Surabaya can be grouped into eight river

groups that have the similar characteristics.

The GWR model produces R2 value of 90,90%

that tends to be larger, and SSE tends to be

smaller with the value 30,78961 compares to

OLS model with the R2 value = 69,91% and

SSE 101,85050. Conclusions. In short, the

modeling study of the water pollution

indicators is that GWR model is better and

appropriate to be used in the real world than

OLS model. Keywords : BOD values, Spatial,

Ordinary Least Square, Geographically

Weighted Regression.

ID: 149

23. SEA CUCUMBER CRACKERS, NUTRITIOUS

SNACKS THAT ARE SAFE FOR

CONSUMPTION AND CAN COPE WITH

CONSTIPATION

Tutik Wahyuni, Sunarto, Sri Noor

Mintarsih

Lecturer Department of Nutrition, Ministry

of Health Polytechnic Semarang,

Indonesia

Backgrounds: Sea cucumbers crackers are

processed of the sea cucumber. Criteria sea

cucumbers crackers are the colors: dark

brown, texture: crispy (like crackers (rambak),

flavors: savory and aroma: a little fishy. Sea

cucumber extrac processed by the drug

industry in the form of capsules or jelly. For

example brand: Gold-G, Gamat's and Gama

Fit, which can cure various diseases. Sea

cucumbers crackers are also beneficial for

cope constipation. This is evidenced by the

Nutrition Department staff of ten people /

family, who after consumptions can cope

constipation. Objective: To find the dose of

sea cucumber crackers that can cope

constipation and determine levels of

nutrients, fiber as well as mercury sea

cucumber crackers. Method: Design: A quasi-

experimental study. Subjects: The new

student Health Polytechnic 2011/2012

Semarang, which are grouped into 3 dose

groups: 15, 30 and 45 g. Inclusion criteria:

willing to follow the research, defecation

constipation, not allergies are sea fish, not the


cure constipation, no diarrhea, no fasting.

Exclusion criteria: resignation, illness, suffered

complications after research, crackers

consumed when not constipated. Defecation

event before and after consumption of

crackers, given feces type based on the

standard scale "Bristol Stool Scale". Results of

analysis of nutrients and fiber is descriptive

analyzed by comparing other similar food.

Levels of mercury, compared to standard

health safety limit (500 ppb). Statistical tests:

Fisher's Exact test at Î± = 0.05. Results: The

prevalence of constipation: 19.4%, with the

old constipation 1 s/d 7 days. After research,

the group that consumed the crackers dose:

5-15 g; 22.5 to 30 g and 37.5 to 45 g. Dose

group was able to overcome constipation on

+1 day, respectively: 84.4%, 82.6% and 87.5%.

Statistical tests showed the influence of sea

cucumber crackers consumption at various

doses on the incidence defication on one day

after, at the second day and the third day,

with a value of p and C respectively: p = 0.014

& C = 0.423, p = 0.015 & C = 0.399 and p =

0.021 & C = 0.381. Sea cucumber crackers

contain more nutrients than prawn crackers,

œkrupuk ACI• and œrambak•. Mercury

levels: 11.5 ppb (<500 ppb), so it is safe for

consumption. Conclusion: Sea cucumber

crackers is a nutritious snack and safe for

consumption, and can cope with constipation

to 84.4% at doses of 15 g. Keywords: Sea

cucumber crackers, the prevalence of

constipation, nutrients, fiber, mercury.

students.

ID: 151

24. NUTRITIOUS RICE, PROPERLY AND

SAFELY CONSUMED PRESERVED IN

MAGIC- COM FOR 24 HOURS

Tutik Wahyuni, Sri Noor Mintarsih,

Kustiono

Lecturer Department of Nutrition, Ministry

of Health Polytechnic Semarang,

Indonesia

Background : Processed the food with that are

less good heating, after storage will change

the color, flavor and texture was slimy

unwanted, due to the growth of microbes

thermofilik (Supardi, 1999). In general, people

added lemon juice , so the rice stays white

color (not yellow) and the taste has not

changed. Objective: The aim of the study was

to understand the influence of natural acids

added and preservation length of time to total

bacteria, organoleptic test and protein and

vitamin C concentration of cooked and

preserved rice inside the Magic-Com. Method:

The study design was factorial nested

(different time series experiment). Rice used

was of Delanggu variety, given 3 treatments,

i.e. without any acid as control, + lemon , +

bilimbi. Acid concentration given was 2.5% .

The rice were cooked and kept inside the

Magic Com for 0 hours (control), 6 , 12 , 18

and 24 hours. To Analyze total bacteria , Total

Plate Count method was used . Organoleptic

test was done , limited to 3 expert panelists.

Protein measured by Kjeldahl , while Vitamin

C concentration by Iodometric methods.

ANOVA was used to test the influence of

treatments to total bacterial ( Î± = 0.01),

continued by Duncan's . Organoleptic test was

analyzed using Hedonic quality test.

Dependent t-test was used to see the

defference of protein and vitamin C kept in 0

and 24 hours (Î± = 0.01). Results: Organoleptic

test : the color of rice preserved to 24 hours

was white in rice+Lemon, while in rice+bilimbi



and control , they become yellowish-white .

The smell were rotten in control and

rice+lemon, while no smell in rice+bilimbi. The

tekstur was good in rice+ bilimbi , but watery

and lumpy in control and rice+lemon. . The

taste was insipidous. Total bacteria after 24

hours preservation on rice in control 2.83

x106, which was greater than in rice+lemon

(8.74 x 105) and rice+bilimbi (6.39 x105 ).

Natural acid supplementation and

preservation time gave influence to total

bacteria growth (p = 0.003). No difference

between concentration of protein and vitamin

C of 0 and 24 hours preservation found in

rice+bilimbi.. Conclusion: Rice would become

nutritious, properly and safely up to 24 hours

preserved in Magic-Com , if it cooked with

addition of bilimbi. Keywords : Rice, Protein,

Vitamin C, Organoleptic Test, Total Bacteria.

ID: 152

25. TYPE OF TREATMENT OBSERVERS AND

THEIR INFLUENCE IN TUBERCULOSIS

TREATMENT IN MAJALENGKA DISTRICT,

WEST JAVA PROVINCE

Noor Edi W Sukoco, Puti Sari H



Background. Tuberculosis (Tb) causes death

and prolonged suffering for millions of men,

women and children in many parts of the

world. There is an increasing number of new

cases of Tb occur every year worldwide

including in Indonesia. One of the problem

cause is the drop out from treatment because

many patients receiving self-administered

treatment will not adhere to treatment. WHO

recommended a strategy to control Tb (DOTs)

that involves œtreatment observer• (PMO) to

supervise patients in swallowing tablets.

Objectives. To identify the types of treatment

observers (PMOs) in treatment of TB for

improving the quality of patient’s compliance

in developing an effective program to reduce

tuberculosis rate in Majalengka District.

Methods. This study design was exploratory

with a qualitative approach. Majalengka

district was chosen as a study area since it

was ranked as an area where having the

second highest percentage of smear-positive

pulmonary TB patients in 2000. Information

was obtained from treatment observers

(PMOs), Tb patients, Tb health provider in

subdistrict health center, the head of health

center and Tb health control program officer

(Wasor) in district health office. Results. This

study showed that patients admitted that

having PMO’s assisted them to be more

compliant and reduced the risk of boredom

likely to be encountered during treatment.

Treatment observers came from family

members were highly motivated to encourage

patients to comply treatment and always

available, whereas PMOs from health center

had better knowledge about Tb but were less

available to the patients. Conclusion. The

most important criteria of selection PMO is to

choose PMOs who have a close relationship

with patients. This can be patient’s family

member or a combination of a family member

and a voluntary health cadre or health

provider. It is recommended to give an

incentive to PMOs for their time and costs

and enable them to carry out their duties

better. Training should be given to family

members as a PMO, and not limited to cadres

and health workers only.

ID: 157

26. UNDERSTANDING INFANT MORTALITY

IN JEMBER REGENCY

Dwi Martiana Wati , Thohirun, Ludfia

Hermin

Public Health Faculty Of Jember University

Background: Infant mortality is an important

indicator to assess the level of community


health status, even the welfare of the country.

In 2009, infant mortality in Jember Regency

was 58 per 1,000 live births. Infant mortality is

caused by endogenous and exogenous

factors, which the endogenous factors were

brought during pregnancy. Meanwhile, the

exogenous factors related to external

environment whose effects may be indirect

because of having to go through a particular

biological mechanism that causes a risk of

death. Objective: The aims of this research

was to analyze the endogenous and

exogenous factors related to infant mortality

in Jember Regency. Method: The research was

conducted in 5 districts in Jember, named

Sumbersari, Kalisat, Panti, Mayang, and

Kencong on January 2011. The method used

here was path analysis to cover the indirect

effects of exogenous factors to the infant

mortality. Result: The significant factors of the

result of this research were the level of

knowledge of the mother, antenatal care,

infant morbidity, and birth weight.

Conclusion: Gaining the effectiveness of

antenatal care by communication,

information, and education (known as KIE) to

the mother before planning of pregnancy and

during pregnancy could reduce the infant

mortality rate in Jember regency, even in

Indonesia. Key words: infant mortality,

indirect effects, path analysis

ID: 159

27. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK

ASSESSMENT TO DETERMINE

SANITATION RISK AREA IN JEMBER

DISTRICT IN SUPPORTING MILLENNIUM

DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Khoiron

Faculty of Public Health, Jember University

Backgrounds : Sanitation generally refers to

the provision of facilities and services for the

safe disposal of urine and feces. Inadequate

sanitation is the major cause of disease

throughout the world and sanitation is known

to have a positive impact on health both

within the household and in society in

general. The word 'sanitation' also refers to

the ability to maintain hygienic conditions,

through garbage collection and disposal of

wastewater services. One purpose of

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is

Inaccessibility of sanitation services.

Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA)

is a district-level participative survey aimed to

determine the condition of sanitation

infrastructure, health / hygiene, as well as the

behavior of the community that can be

utilized for the development of sanitation and

advocacy programs at the district level to the

village. Objective : This study aimed to

determine the sanitation risk area in Jember.

Methods : Number of samples in the study of

EHRA is 2000 respondents spread in 50

villages in 7 sub-districts, divided into 3

clusters. Sampling is done by cluster random

sampling system. Results : The results showed

that risk areas affected by these factors: 1)

Household Waste Management, 2) Domestic

Wastewater Disposal, 3) Environmental

Drainage Around The House and Flooding, 4)

Water Resources, 5) Hygiene Behavior, 6)

Diarrhea Cases. Conclusions : There are 7

villages at very high risk, 14 villages at high

risk, 27 villages at moderate risk, and 2

villages are not at risk. Key words : EHRA,

sanitation, risk area, MDGs



ID: 171

28. COST OF MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM IN

PRIMARY LEVEL: DEMONSTRATION OF

COST STUDY IN ACEH

Sri Idaiani



Background. Aceh is the only province in

Indonesia that has been implementing

community mental health programs. since

recovery from tsunami .The program was held

by the Aceh government in all districts and

cities. The aim of this analysis is to provide

information on the cost of mental health

programs implemented by the community

health centre (CHC). With this result, local

governments are expected to allocate the cost

of a mental health program in accordance

with the current situation. Method: This study

is a further analysis of the data Health Facility

Research or Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan

(Rifaskes) 2011. Cost calculation performed

on a CHC in Aceh Besar district (KM) with the

consideration of the location which is located

23 km from the provincial capital, it is

estimated that the program runs smoothly.

We conducted cost analysis of mental health

program in the CHC with assessment

component of the cost such as investment,

maintenance, operations. Activity Based

Costing was used to identifies cost sources.

Results Total cost of mental health program

without drug is Rp 131,379,585. Unit cost for

a mental disorder patient is Rp 1,799,720. The

highest cost comes from the cost of the inside

activities, there is Rp 62,390,425 (47.5% of the

total cost of the program) followed by outside

activities cost Rp 22,684,465 (17.3% of the

total cost of the program). Cost of setting up

program is Rp 46,304,694. Conclusion. The

unit cost per mental health patient found in

this study is higher than calculation of

previous studies, although there are several

different components that are assessed. The

results of this study may be a reference to

allocate mental health costs. Cost for training

the team when program was set up can be

considered to conduct refresh training for

improving community-based mental health

services by community health centers.

Keywords: mental health program, cost,

Rifaskes 2011

ID: 173

29. INFLUENZA CASES FROM SURVEILLANCE

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION , 2011

Krisna N A Pangesti, Krisna N. A Pangesti,

Ni Ketut Susilarini, Hana Apsari P, Vivi

Setiawaty

Pusat Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar

Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Introduction Severe Acute Respiratory

Infection (SARI) or Pneumonia is an acute

infectious process in the lung tissue (alveolar

or interstitial tissue) with clinical symptoms of

fever and cough accompanied by symptoms

such as shortness of breath/ difficulty of

breathing, infiltrates in the lung showed by

Chest X-Ray. With funding from the CDC and

DIPA, Center for Biomedical and Basic

Technology of Health (CBBTH) - NIHRD carried

out sentinel surveillance SARI at 10 hospitals

in 10 provinces in 2011. SARI has a major

contribution in the morbidity and mortality,

however, so far Indonesia still has no

epidemiological an pattern of bacterial and

viral etiology data of SARI cases Methodology

Every patient who meets the criteria of SARI

will be included in this study. Serum and

throat swab / nasal swab were taken and

examined at the laboratory CBBTH to figure

out both viral and bacterial etiology. RT-PCR

test was used to detect influenza virus in

specimens, not only the type of Influenza but

also the subtype. Specimens which positive

influenza by RT-PCR then cultured in MDCK


cells. Results In 2011, nine sentinel hospitals

were active participate. The total number of

SARI cases was 400.We found 5 % specimens

were positive influenza through RT-PCR

examination. The proportion of Influenza A

was 4 % and influenza B 2% from total

influenza cases. We detected that seasonal

influenza subtype A/H1N1pdm 2009 and

A/H3N2 were circulated in Indonesia.

Conclusion SARI surveillance can be used as

tool to detect influenza virus circulating in

Indonesia, especially from hospitalized

patients and also if there is new influenza

strain that potentially caused pandemic. It is

important to consider sentinel system of SARI

surveillance in the limited resources situation

as in Indonesia. Keywords: Influenza, SARI,

surveillance

ID: 178

30. THE ASSOCIATION OF JAK2 V617F

MUTATION AND CLINICAL SEVERITY OF

PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME-

NEGATIVE MYELOPROLIFERATIVE

NEOPLASMS PATIENTS

Fanti Saktini, Santosa, Puspita K. Dewi,

Sultana MH Faradz

Medical Faculty Diponegoro University

Bacground: Chronic myeloproliferative

disorders are clonal stem cell disease which is

characterized by proliferation of one or more

myeloid cell lines in the bone marrow and by

the increase of mature and imature cells in

the peripheral blood. William Damashek in

1951 introduced the term myeloproliferative

neoplasm (MPN) to designate Polycythemia

Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET),

Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) dan Chronic

Myeloid Leukemia (CML). JAK2 V617F is the

most frequent mutation in MPN with negative

Philadelphia chromosome. The mutation

occurs in ~95% PV, ~50% TE and ~65% PMF

cases. JAK2 V617F is associated with

thrombotic risk factors in PV and ET patients,

pruritus in PV, splenomegali, and leukemic

transformation in PMF. The study aims to

know the correlation between JAK2 V617F

mutation and clinical severity in MPN patients

with negative Philadelphia chromosome.

Methods: Subjects were recruited through

consecutive sampling in RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Semarang. Clinical data and hematologic

parameters were obtained by anamnesis and

medical records abstraction. Cytogenetic

testing was done from bone marrow to detect

Philadelphia chromosome. DNA was extracted

from blood and analyzed using Amplification

Refractory Mutation System polymerase chain

reaction (ARMS-PCR) to identify JAK2 V617F

mutation. Results: Diagnosis distribution were

5 (26,3%) PV, 11 (57,9%) ET, 1 (5,3%) PMF,

dan 2 (10,5%) unspecified MPN. All 19

subjects were negative for Philadelphia

chromosome. Fourteen (73,68%) out of 19

cases were positive for JAK2 V617F mutation.

Subjects’ characteristics (age, sex, and mean

values of hemoglobin, hematocrite, leukocyte,

and thrombocyte) were not significantly

different in patients with and without

mutation. Both groups were not different

according to the degree of hemoglobin,

hematocrite, thrombocyte, leukocyte,

frequency of phlebotomy, history of

thrombosis, degree of spleen size, liver size,

anemia, history of bleeding, frequency of PRC

transfusion. Nineteen non-MPN subjects that

are matched by sex and age were negative for

the mutation. Conclusion: High frequency

(73,68%) of JAK2 V617F mutation were found

in MPN patients with negative Philadelphia

chromosome. JAK2 V617F mutation was less

likely correlated with severity of MPN

patients. Keywords: ARMS-PCR, biomarker,

Jak2 V617F, myelofibrosis primer, negative

Philadelphia chromosome, neoplasma

myeloproliferatif, polisitemia vera,

trombositemia esensial.



ID: 184

31. LESS VEGETABLES AND NUTS-SEEDS-

PEAS CONSUMPTION ARE ASSOCIATED

WITH HIGH LEVEL OF LIPID

PEROXIDATION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES

MELLITUS

Nazarina Nazarina, Dr. Reviana, Yunita

Dianasari



Less Vegetables and Nuts-Seeds-Peas

Consumption are Associated with High Level

of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes

Mellitus ABSTRACT Background. Diabetic is

associated with the risk of having lipid

peroxidation causing macro and micro

vascular diseases. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is

a mutagen product of lipid peroxidation.

Objective. This researchh was to identify some

factors, associated to Plasma MDA (P-MDA)

level in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods.

Eighty two respondents were recruited by

purposive sampling. Respondents were

members of Persadia, physical training club

for diabetic at Mardjoeki Mahdi Hospital in

Bogor. Data of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds

and legumes consumption were collected by

interviewing using semi quantitative food

frequency questionnaires. Fasting blood

glucose and plasma MDA were assayed using

spectrophotometry method. Other data such

as physical training, smoking status, and

diseases history were collected by

interviewing using structured questionnaires.

Nutritional status data was as Body Mass

Index. All data was analyzed using Odds Ratio

(OR) and logistic regression test to identify the

dominant factors, contributed to MDA-P level.

Results. Factors that contribute to Plasma

MDA level is vegetables and nuts-seeds-

legumes consumption and physical trainning.

Consuming vegetables less than 300 g/d and

nuts-seeds-legumes less than 2,5 porsion/d

are associated significantly with having high

level of Plasma MDA (â‰¥0.8 nmol/L),

respectively OR:5 (95% CI: 1,154 ; 22,02) and

OR:4,8 (1,26 ; 18.57). Not having physical

activity routinely is risk for having high level P-

MDA (OR:1,3, 95%CI: 1,12 ; 1,45). Those

factors are contributed to MDA-P level

independently. Discussion. Although

vegetables and nuts-seeds-legumes

consumption have significant contribution to

P-MDA level, it is important to know further

which type and chemical content in those

food that can prevent lipid peroxidation. Key

Words: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, MDA-

Plasma, vegetables, nuts-seeds-legumes,

physical training

ID: 186

32. KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA DEMAM

BERDARAH DENGUE KLINIS DAN DBD

KONFIRMASI SEROLOGI DI LIMA RSUD

JAKARTA

Rossa Avrina, Emiliana Tjitra, M.Karyana,

Siti Nur Hasanah



Latar belakang: Diagnosis demam berdarah

dengue (DBD) di Indonesia umumnya hanya

berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan darah rutin

hematokrit dan trombosit (DBD klinis).

Seharusnya, diagnosis DBD berdasarkan

pemeriksaan serologi (IgG, IgM) atau deteksi

antigen NS1. Di Jakarta, kasus DBD cenderung

meningkat. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui

penyebaran dan karakteristik penderita di

beberapa wilayah DKI Jakarta. Tujuan:

mengidentifikasi musim dan karakteristik

penderita DBD Metode: Penelitian ini

merupakan penelitian retrospektif

menggunakan data rekam medis 2010 di lima

RSUD Jakarta. Kasus DBD dikelompokkan

menjadi DBD klinis yaitu berdasarkan klinis

dan laboratorium darah rutin dan DBD


konfirmasi serologi (IgG dan IgM atau NS1).

Data yang dianalisis meliputi data individual

(umur dan jenis kelamin), bulan rawatan, data

penyakit (manifestasi klinis, hasil

laboratorium, komplikasi). Data dianalisis

secara deskriptif dengan program SPSS 17 for

windows. Hasil: Jumlah data rekam medik

yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 425, terdiri dari

244 penderita DBD klinis dan 181 penderita

DBD konfirmasi serologi ( dua kasus

diantaranya juga diperiksa NS1). RSUD

Cengkareng paling banyak mendiagnosis DBD

klinis (79,3%), sedangkan RSUD Tarakan

mendiagnosis penderita 100% berdasarkan

konfirmasi serologi. DBD klinis paling banyak

terjadi pada bulan Februari (82,1%). DBD

konfirmasi serologi terbanyak pada bulan

Agustus (59,5%). Jumlah penderita DBD

antara laki-laki dan perempuan serta anak-

anak (<15 tahun) dan dewasa â‰¥15 tahun

hampir sama. Penderita DBD klinis memiliki

rata-rata kadar hematokrit 40,5%, median

jumlah leukosit adalah 3600/mmÂ³ dan

median jumlah trombosit 64.000/mmÂ³,

sedangkan gejala klinis yang banyak

dikeluhkan adalah demam (79,5%). Korelasi

trombositopenia (<100.000/mmÂ³) dengan

perdarahan pada kasus DBD klinis

berhubungan erat (r=-0,979). Komplikasi

terbanyak pada penderita adalah efusi pleura

(2%). Penderita DBD konfirmasi serologi

memiliki rata-rata kadar hematokrit 41,8%,

median jumlah leukosit adalah 3920/mmÂ³

dan median jumlah trombosit 80.000/mmÂ³,

sedangkan gejala klinis yang banyak

dikeluhkan adalah mual (73,5%). Korelasi

trombositopenia (<100.000/mmÂ³) dengan

perdarahan berhubungan erat (r=-0,990).

Sebagian besar komplikasi penderita DBD

konfirmasi serologi adalah juga efusi pleura

(9,4%). Kesimpulan: Di beberapa RSUD

Jakarta, sebagian besar kasus DBD didiagnosis

klinis. Distribusi penderita DBD klinis dan DBD

konfirmasi serologi hampir sama jumlahnya

berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin.

Penyebaran kasus DBD tidak tergantung pada

musim. Perdarahan dengan jumlah trombosit

berhubungan erat baik pada kasus DBD klinis

maupun DBD konfirmasi serologi. Gejala

terbanyak yang ditemukan pada penderita

DBD klinis adalah demam sedangkan pada

penderita DBD konfirmasi serologis adalah

mual.

ID: 190

33. KARAKTERISTIK DAN LAMA

PERAWATAN PENDERITA HUMAN

IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS / ACQUIRED

IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

(HIV/AIDS) DEWASA DI RSPI SULIANTI

SAROSO

Heni Kismayawati, Aris Yulianto, Arga

Yudhistira



Latar Belakang : Informasi mengenai

karakteristik penderita HIV/AIDS rawat inap

dan panduan untuk memprediksi lama

perawatan inap penderita HIV/AIDS masih

terbatas. Sementara itu, penderita yang

dirawat inap dalam waktu lama akan

menghadapi risiko timbulnya infeksi

nosokomial. Besarnya biaya yang dikeluarkan

juga akan memperberat beban ekonomi

penderita. Tujuan : Menilai hubungan

karakteristik penderita HIV/AIDS dewasa

dengan lama waktu perawatan inap. Metode :

Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Data

diambil dari rekam medis penderita rawat

inap dewasa di Instalasi Rekam Medik RSPI

Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta dari tahun 2009 -

2011. Sampel diambil secara purposive,

meliputi aspek sosioekonomi (usia, jenis

kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan),

faktor risiko penderita, stadium penyakit,

infeksi oportunistik yang diderita, jumlah

limfosit CD4, riwayat pengobatan ARV dan

lama waktu perawatan inap penderita



HIV/AIDS. Hubungan karakteristik penderita

dengan lama perawatan inap akan dinilai

dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan

program SPSS. Hasil : Dari 289 rekam medis

penderita HIV/AIDS dewasa diperoleh data

bahwa 46% penderita HIV/AIDS adalah

dewasa muda berusia 20-29 tahun, 78,3%

adalah penderita laki-laki, dan 47,1% adalah

pengguna jarum suntik. Sebanyak 40,8%

pasien berobat pada stadium lanjut terutama

stadium 3 (28%), 86,8% dengan jumlah CD4

rendah < 350 sel/mm3 dimana 83% penderita

dengan CD4 < 200 sel/mm3. Hanya 29,1%

penderita yang pernah menjalani pengobatan

ARV. Lebih dari separuh (61,6%) penderita,

mengalami infeksi oportunistik (IO) lebih dari

satu, dengan lima yang tersering adalah

kandidiasis mulut (69,9%), TBC (67,8%),

Toxoplasma cerebral (28%), Kriptokokus (1%)

dan CMV (0,7%). Dari analisis bivariat, subyek

yang menderita IO lebih dari satu, mempunyai

risiko 2 kali menjalani perawatan lebih lama

dari 11 hari (OR= 2,8; 95% CI: 1,7-4,6;

p=0,000). Penderita berusia sampai diatas 30

tahun juga berisiko 1,7 kali (OR=1,7; 95% CI:

1,0-2,7; p=0,029) dirawat lebih lama. Semakin

berat stadium, lebih lama juga perawatan

inap penderita (OR=1,1; 95% CI: 0,1-17,5;

p=0,962). Sama halnya pada pasien yang tidak

pernah diterapi ARV (OR=1,1; 95% CI: 0,6-1,8;

p=0,767). Sedangkan jumlah CD4 >= 200

sel/mm3 dapat mengurangi waktu perawatan

inap 3 kali (OR=0,3; 95% CI: 1,1-1,13;

p=0,078). Kesimpulan : Karakteristik penderita

yang berhubungan dengan lama waktu

perawatan inap penderita HIV/AIDS dewasa

adalah usia dan banyaknya IO yang diderita.

Kata Kunci : Karakteristik, HIV/AIDS dewasa,

lama rawat inap.

ID: 194

34. CAUSE OF DEATH AND CHALLENGES

FACED BY ELDERLY CAUSE OF DEATH

AND CHALLENGES FACED BY ELDERLY

POPULATION IN INDONESIA ACCORDING

TO 2007 BASELINE HEALTH RESEARCH

Sarimawar Djaja

Pusat Teknologi Intervensi Kesehatan

Masyarakat (Pusat 3)

Indonesia's elderly population continues to

increase approximately 3 million every 10

years, in 2010 there were 18 million, was 7.59

percent of the total population. Analysis of

cause of death in elderly from the Baseline

Health Research 2007 is expected to give an

idea of the cause of death aged 55 years and

above and the challenges faced in Indonesia.

Baseline Health Research 2007 using cross-

sectional method for the death over a period

of one year before the survey in selected

households. The sample was using a Susenas

core sample and or module that include

258,366 HH, taken with a Probability

Proportional to Size (PPS). The cause of death

data was collected by quesioner using verbal

autopsy technique and was classified

according to ICD 10. The first rank of cause of

death was the circulatory system, followed by

infection, respiratory system, digestive,

musculoskeletal, endocrine, neoplasm,

accidents/injuries. The cause of deaths

proportion of the circulatory system and

endocrine were greater in urban than in rural

areas, while deaths due to infectious diseases,

respiratory system, and digestive were

greater in rural than in urban areas. The

infectious diseases are tuberculosis, diarrhea,

viral hepatitis, malaria. The diseases of the

circulatory system are stroke, hypertensive

heart diseases and ischemic heart disease.

Neoplasm recorded were breast cancer,

gastrointestinal, lymphoid, pharynx, lung,

brain, thyroid, nervous system, and ill defined.


The highest proportion of respiratory system

disease is bronchitis, asthma, emphysema.

The risk factors that are detected, however if

those are not prevented or treated, then in

subsequent years will develop into non-

communicable diseases and end up as the

underlying cause of death. The Ministry of

Health should already make all efforts to

improve the health status of all ages and the

maintenance of health and well-being of the

elderly. Keywords: cause of death, the elderly,

the survey

ID: 209

35. POLA DIARE DAN TERAPINYA PADA

BALITA DI RUMAH SAKIT

Armaji Kamaludi Syarif, Syachroni, Aniska

Novita Sari, Emiliana Tjitra



Latar Belakang: Insiden diare tertinggi di

Indonesia adalah pada balita. Rumah sakit

merupakan pusat rujukan penderita diare.

Untuk mencegah komplikasi dan kematian

karena diare, program penanggulangan diare

membuat pedoman penanganan diare

berdasarkan penyebab atau jenis diare dan

beratnya penyakit. Oleh sebab itu

pelaksanaan penanganan kasus diare di

rumah sakit perlu dievaluasi. Tujuan:

Menggambarkan pola diare dan

penanganannya pada pasien balita di Rumah

Sakit rujukan. Metode: Penelitian ini

merupakan penelitian retrospektif dengan

desain potong lintang menggunakan data

rekam medis bulan Juli 2011 sampai bulan

Agustus 2012 dari Rumah Sakit Penyakit

Infeksi Sulianti Suroso, Jakarta. Data dianalisis

secara deskriptif. Karakteristik balita dengan

diare, jenis diare dan jenis pengobatan

disajikan dalam persen menggunakan

program SPSS. Hasil: Didapatkan 213 catatan

rekam medis balita penderita diare yang ada

di rumah sakit. Dari total 213 kasus balita

dengan diare, 75,6% berumur kurang dari satu

tahun, dan 59,2% adalah laki-laki. Jenis diare

adalah sebagai berikut: 96,7% merupakan

diare akut, 37,1% diare dengan lendir atau

darah dalam tinja, dan 80,3% disertai

dehidrasi sedang, Hampir semua (96,7%)

kasus diperiksa darah rutin dan 27,8%

diantaranya mengalami leukositosis, 74,3%

diperiksa elektrolitnya dan 36.2% diantaranya

normal, Sebanyak 59,6% diberi rehidrasi oral

dan 31,0% diantaranya diberi oralit, semua

diberi cairan parenteral dan 33% diantaranya

diberi cairan Ringer Laktat, 46,9% diberi

antibiotik dan 18,5% diantaranya diberi

cefotaxime, 1,9% diberi antidiare, 93% diberi

probiotik, 93,4% diberi zinc, dan 35,7%

dirawat selama tiga hari. Kesimpulan: Diare

akut banyak terjadi di Rumah Sakit. Diare

pada balita paling banyak terjadi pada

kelompok umur kurang dari satu tahun. Terapi

cairan merupakan terapi utama untuk diare di

rumah sakit. Pemberian antibiotik pada

penderita diare akut masih tinggi, jenis

antibiotik yang terbanyak diberikan adalah

cefotaxime. Probiotik dan zinc sudah

merupakan terapi diare pada balita yang lazim

dilakukan. Secara umum standar tatalaksana

diare sudah dijalankan dengan baik di rumah

sakit. Kata kunci: diare, balita, terapi.

ID: 215

36. STREET LEVEL BUREAUCRAT

DISCRETIONTHREAT OF

IMPLEMENTING UNIVERSAL HEALTH

COVERAGE

Arief Priyo Nughroho



Puskesmas (Primary Health Care) can be

described as street level bureaucrat that has

important role in improving health services.

The study aimed to analyze street level



bureaucrat threat in implementing Universal

Health Coverage. We introduce Michael

Lipsky theory about street level bureaucrat to

explain why and how they take central role in

policy implementation. This case study

research was conducted in South

Krembangan, Surabaya. Observation and

secondary data analysis are the main tools to

trace the daily pattern of street level

bureaucrat discretion in implement a kind of

policy. The findings shows that there are

significant threat for implementing universal

health coverage caused by ambiguity on goals

and performance measure that usually as

street level bureaucrat, medical staff take a

safe zone for their interest. Besides that there

are human resources problem and

insufficiency of infrastructure. This two main

problem result policy discretion which usually

regularly practice by medical staff in

Puskesmas.

ID: 217

37. VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG

CHILDREN 2-12 YEARSOLD IN

INDONESIA (DEFISIENSI VITAMNIN D

PADA ANAK 2-12 TAHUN DI INDONESIA)

Basuki Budiman, Sandjaja, Fitrah

Ernawati, Victoria Valentia



Background. Vitamin D is necessary nutrient

to bone health; however prevalence of

stunted among children in Indonesia is high.

The severity vitamin D deficiency in Indonesia

has not been reported yet. Objective. A

current Vitamin D state of children 2-12 years

old in Indonesia was reported. Method. A

National population based clinical study was

conducted in 2011. Stratified random sample

technique was applied to cover 4800 children

2-12 years old. Gender and residence were

considered. About 276 children among them

were examined 25OHD as marker of vitamin D

state. The level was classified into <30 ng/mL

(deficiency); 30-39 (insufficiency);40-

49(sufficient) and 50 (optimal).Results. About

352991 (13%)children in Indonesia were

estimated deficiency and insufficiency in

vitamin D (<40 ng/mL 25OHD;and girls more

suffered than boys (p<0.00) especially among

5-12 years old. The older group seemed less

prevalent (p<0.00). A Different prevalent

between urban and rural was not found

(p=0.82). This feature was not stand along

with stunted feature in children.

Conclusion.The Vitamin D may be the new

emerging nutrition problem in Indonesia

though the criteria for Vitamin D deficiency is

still debated. Key words. Vitamin D, 25OHD,

population based, criteria for vitamin D

deficiency.

ID: 244

38. THE ENERGY INTAKE AND ENERGY

EXPENDITURE OF PREGNANT

WOMWEN:Longitudinal study

Yuniar Rosmalina, Amalia Safitri, Fitrah

Ernawati



Background: The energy intake during

pregnancy is a factor contribute to maternal

body weight gain to ensure the growth of the

foetus. The adequte energy intake is also

needed to do their daily physical activities.

The deficiency of energy intake can influence

the nutritional status of newborn baby.

Objective: To determine energy consumption

and the energy expenditure of the mother

during pregnancy Method: The subject of the

study were 323 pregnant women who were

participated starting from 12- 16 months of

pregnancy untill the babies were born. Data

collection included nutrient intake data 2

times every month, daily phisical activities



tropical areas . In Indonesia, schistosomiasis

endemic areas found only in limited areas, in

the Lindu, Napu, and Bada Plateau, Central

Sulawesi. Geographical Information system

(GIS) and remote sensing have a wide range of

applications in health. These technologies

have been applied to strengthening early

warning system especially in water borne

diseases, such Schistosomiasis. Remote

sensing (RS) systems are designed to measure

and record reflected, absorbed, or emitted

electromagnetic energy from features of the

snails habitat or foci. Objectives. This research

to analyze distribution patten of snails foci

using spatial analysis in Lindu Sub-District.

Method . In this case, application of GIS, RS

and fieldtrip data were used to define the

broad environment and landscape distribution

of snails foci. Result.This research found 111

of snail foci in Lindu Sub-district. The spatial

pattern of snails foci tend to cluster with the

Nearest Neighbor Ratio 0,21, Z Score -15,98

and p value 0,01. Conclusion. The

combination of RS data (Quickbird, Landsat

imagery, SRTM imagery, or Google Earth

application) and GIS provides a best solution

tool for monitoring snails habitat, such

breeding sites and landscape variations from

lowland to highland that are suitable to water

borne diseases. The environmental of snails

can be detected with RS data then processed

using GIS.. The results are very promising to

create landscape distribution of

schistosomiasis snails map in Lindu Sub-

District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia and view

them in three dimensional forms (3 D).

Keywords : spatial, schistosomiasis,

geographic information system, Lindu Sub-

district.

ID: 257

41. APPLICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS )

MANAGEMENT WEARING MASK AS PPE

AND MELATONIN IN LOWERING LEVELS

OF SOD, H2O2 AND TOTAL

INFLAMATORY CELLS AT LABORATORY

RATS STRAIN WISTAR EXPOSED TO COAL

DUST DAY OR NIGHT

Qomariyatus Sholihah

Lambung Mangkurat University

Background , coal mining activities have

impact to the air quality at mine site has

exceeded the threshold and cause respiratory

system disorders. Generally, coal miners work

in shift work patterns. This pattern will disrupt

circadian rhythm directly related to the

melatonin production that affect the miner's

health. Respiratory diasease that caused by

coal dust can be minimized by wearing mask

as PPE. Objectives , this study aims to know

the effect of exogenous melatonin on coal

dust exposed wistar strain rats day and night .

Methods, research carried out by dividing the

rats into 5 groups each consist of 4 rats ,

control group, exposure to coal without

melatonin, exposure with melatonin 0.5

mg/kg /day, exposure with melatonin 1 mg

/kg/day and exposure with melatonin 2 mg/kg

/day. The study was conducted in 2 phases, I

exposed during the day and stage II exposed

at night. Melatonin given for 6 days before

the time of exposure. The period of dust

exposure was 3 days of each 30 minutes.

Result , the results showed that exposure to

coal dust lead to significantly increased levels

of SOD BAL during unit/100g 125.115 55.662

Â± 38.162 Â± 161.005 and night unit/100g.

H2O2 BAL 5.510 Â± 1.002 day pg / mL and

1.777 Â± 0.636 night pg / ml. Lung

histopathology structural damage caused by

exposure to coal dust subacute indicated by

an increase in the thickness of the alveolar


wall during gram/m3 24.995 Â± 41.363 and

18.82 Â± 46.57 a night gram/m3 Conclusion ,

there is no significant difference in value to

the difference in exposure time of day or

night, which is thought to be caused by the

lack of adaptation of rats as nocturnal animal

against the natural human shifts. Exogenous

melatonin dose of 2 mg/kg bw/day

significantly proven effective as an antioxidant

against oxidative stress and lung inflammation

caused by exposure to coal dust. And wearing

PPE mask specifically made for mice was able

to inhibit the coal dust particles in the

mentioned into mice. Keywords: Exposure to

coal dust, shifts, inflammation of lung tissue,

SOD, H2O2 ,number of inflammatory cells,

exogenous melatonin, mask

ID: 261

42. INSIDENSI DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE

(DBD) DI KOTA KUPANG, PROPINSI NTT,

1998-2007

Wanti Ndoen, Irfan

Environmental Health Academy

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of

the main public health global problems, which

is caused by Dengue Virus (Denvir) and

transmitted by mosquito. Kupang Municipality

is one of the DHF endemic districts in NTT

Province, where DHF incidence and mortality

were higher than national standard. This

study aimed to explore the spatial and

temporal pattern, and risk factors of DHF

incidence in Kupang Municipality. It was

expected that the outcomes from this project

will be useful for the betterment of DHF

control program in order to forecast, prevent

and reduce the incidence of DHF in the

future.This study was an ecological study,

focused in 45 boroughs of four sub districts in

Kupang Municipality. This study used Excel,

Ms Word, Arcview GIS software to analysed

the research variables. The spatial pattern

shows that DHF incidence was higher around

the central and northern part of Kupang City

and not correlated with the population

density. The temporal pattern shows that DHF

incidence was correlated with the change of

season. Males and females had a similarly risk

to get DHF infection. Children and young age

have higher DHF incidence than other groups.

Climate factors also had a positif significant

correlation with DHF incidence. This study

recommends that central and northern part of

the Kupang City have to get more attention

for DHF control activities. Children and young

age groups have to be the priority of the DHF

control program. DHF control activities have

to start around October to November to

reduce DHF transmissions before of rainy

season.

ID: 262

43. INFEKSI TRANSOVARIAL VIRUS DENGUE

PADA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI DAN

AEDES ALBOPICTUS DI KOTA KUPANG

Wanti Ndoen, Sugeng Juwono, Siti Rahma

Umniyati

Environmental Health Academy

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of

the global public health problems. NTT

Province is one of DHF endemic province

which Kupang Municipality is an endemic DHF

area with the highest IR in this province.

Aedes sp can transmit DHF through their

biting. The understanding about its

epidemiology factors such as transovarial

infection of Dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and

Aedes albopictus is needed for predict the

incidence of DHF in the the future and for

prevention activity. Therefore, this research

aims to describe the transovarial infection of

Denvir in Aedes sp in Kupang Municipality,

NTT. This research was designed as an

observational descriptive with a cross

sectional study. The subjek of this research is



Aedes sp mosquitoes in Kupang Municipality.

Ovitraps were used to collect mosquitoes`

eggs. Furthermore, eggs were reared in the

laboratory up to F1 for Denvir examination

with ISBPC technique. Data analysis used

software Excel, and Microsoft Word. This

research found the transovarial transmission

in Aedes sp which the transovarial

transmission rate (TOT) in Ae. aegypti was

20.1%, while it was 8.3% for Ae. albopictus.

The positive transovarial transmission can be

found in both of female and male Aedes sp

which the transovarial transmission rate was

higher in female than male. The presence of

transovarial transmission of Denvir in Aedes

sp shows that both Ae. aegypti and Ae.

albopictus in Kupang Municipality can

transmit the Denvir from adult mosquitoes to

next generation and also can be as a reservoir

of Denvir. Key words: DHF, transovarial

transmission, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus

ID: 263

44. POTENCY OF QUERCETIN-3-O-

GLUCOSIDE (Q3G) DAN QUERCETIN-4O-

GLUCOSIDE (Q4G) ISOLATED FROM

MIMBA LEAVES (Azadirachta indica

A.Juss) TO THE GLUCOSE UPTAKE OF

RAT INTESTINAL MEMBRANE

Enny Rohmawaty, Vycke Yunivita KD

Pharmacology and theurapeutic

department, Faculty of Medicine,

Universitas Padjadjaran

Mimba leaves (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) used

in this study taken from Brigade Proteksi

Tanaman (BPT) Situbundo, contains active

compound quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) and

quercetin-4’-O-glucoside (Q4G). These

compounds isolated using Thin Layer

Chromatography (TLC). From previous study,

Q3G and Q4G had already known could inhibit

the glucose uptake from intestinal membrane.

This study was conducted in order to know

whether the Q3G and Q4G isolated from

mimba leaves has potency in inhibit the

glucose uptake from rat intestinal membrane

(Rattus rattus norvegicus). This experimental

study employed 30 male rats, meeting the

inclusion criteria. They were divided into 5

groups (n=6). Group I is control group, only

received glucose solution 3,0 x 10-3 M. Group

II, III, IV, and V received glucose solution with

Q3G 1 mg/kgBW, Q3G 2 mg/kgBW, Q4G 1

mg/kgBW and 2 mg/kgBW. The inhibitory

potency of Q3G and Q4G to glucose uptake

was measured every 15 minutes for one hour,

using Perfusi in situ equipment designed by

Soedigdo. Data were analyzed by Oneway

Anova and Duncan test. This research showed

that Q3G 1 mg/kgBW, Q4G 1 mg/kgBW, and

Q4G 2 mg/kgBW, had significant potency in

inhibit the glucose uptake from rat intestinal

membrane (Rattus rattus norvegicus). The

study concluded that Q3G and Q4G isolated

from mimba leaves has potency in inhibit the

glucose uptake from rat intestinal membrane

(Rattus rattus novergicus). Key words: Q3G,

Q4G, mimba leaves, glucose uptake

ID: 264

45. CORRELATION OF KATG CATALYTIC

ACTIVITY WITH ISONIAZID RESISTANCE

TO A CLINICAL ISOLATE OF

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Purkan Purkan, Wiwin Retnowati

Chemistry Department/ Airlangga

University

An isoniazid resistant of Mycobacterium

tuberculosis clinical isolate (L) had mutation in

katG gene encoding catalase-peroxidase. The

research want to know the basis of INH

resistance of the isolate at the protein level.

The katG gene expression of L isolate and the

characterization of its protein had been done.

Expression of mutant dan wild type katG have

been conducted in Escherichia coli and


showed a molecular weight of 80 kDa in SDS

PAGE. The catalase activity of KatG L show

lower of 1.7 time than the value of the natural

type KatG (Kcat / KM = 8.62 x 104 M-1S-1).

Moreover the peroxidase activity also

decrease 2 time from the wild type value

(Kcat / KM = 1.99 x 105 M-1S-1). The KatG L

variant also showed a decrease in isoniazid

oxidizing activity at 2.6 time lower than the

wild type value. Decreasing of the

catalase/peroxidase of the KatG mutant is

suspected as the cause of INH resistance for

M. tuberculosis clinical isolate (L) at the

protein level. Keywords: M. tuberculosis, INH

resistance, katG, catalase-peroxidase

ID: 275

46. THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT

ACTIVITIES OF DRACONTOMELON dao

EXTRACT

Nurul Hasanah, Yuniati

FK UNMUL

Background: Synthesis of new antibacterial

costly and high technology, while the plant is

a source of medicinal raw materials for

thousands of years ago. Dracontomelon dao

potential to be further investigated on the

ability of the present invention with the

antibacterial activity of antioxidants.

Objective: Determine the ratio of solvent

ethanol - water is optimal for the extraction of

selected, determine the antioxidant and

antibacterial activity against the bacteria

MRSA (Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus

aureus) and E.coli, L.monocytogenes.

Determining the secondary metabolites, the

MIC (minimum inhibition concentration) and

MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration)

bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, L.monocytogenes).

Methods: The study design using the post-test

only control group design. Simplicia D.dao rod

macerated using ethanol-water solvent with

11 the comparison of 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6,

5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2 , 9:1, 10:0. Then do the test

with DPPH antioxidant activity and

antibacterial activity test by disc diffusion thus

obtained with a ratio of solvent extracts of the

most optimal.After serial dilution test was

performed to determine MIC and MBC values

of the standard ATCC S.aureus bacteria, E. coli

and L. monocytogenes is so known

bacteriostatic and bactericide activity.

Bioautography assay was performed to

determine the secondary metabolites

contained in extracts of the stem D.dao.

Results : Maceration rod D. dao with a ratio of

60% ethanol-water has antibacterial activity

and antioxidant potential. One-way ANOVA

statistical test found 60% ethanol extract of

the stem D. dao significantly different when

compared with standard curcumin and

vitamin E with p <0.001. In MIC testing looks

bark extract D. dao has a MIC against MSSA

bacteria (2.2 + 1.0), MRSA (1.8 + 0.4), L.

monocytogenes (1.7 + 0.5), E. coli MDR (2.7 +

1.0) mg / mL. In MBC testing results obtained

subcultures that are not encountered bacteria

are as follows MSSA (3.3 + 1.0), MRSA (3.0 +

1.1), L. monocytogenes (2.7 + 1.0), E. coli MDR

(3.7 + 9.8) mg / mL. Secondary metabolites

with antibacterial activity in extracts stem D.

dao polyphenols found in groups and are

known to also have antioxidant activity at Rf

value = 0.78. Conclusion: Extracts of the stem

D. dao has a stronger antioxidant activity

when compared to standard antioxidant

vitamin E, but is weaker when compared with

standard curcumin, has antibacterial activity

against MRSA microbes, bacteria E. coli MDR,

and L. Monocytgenes, has antibacterial

activity that is bactericidal against MSSA

bacteria, MRSA, L. Monocytgenes and E. coli

MDR, has the secondary metabolites with

antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the

polyphenols group. Key words: D.dao,

antioxidants, MIC, MBC, bioautografi assay



ID: 276

47. EVALUATION OF PSYCHOLOGIST

PLACEMENT TO PROVIDE INTEGRATIVE

MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE IN PRIMARY

HEALTH CARE (PHC) IN SLEMAN

YOGYAKARTA, 2011

Siti Isfandari, Tety Rahmawati, Selma

Siahaan, Betty Rooshermiaty, Idawaty

Abbas, Tina Afiatin, Rusdi Maslim



Objective The program was designed to bring

mental health service closer to the

community for early detection of emotional

problem and support community care

provision. The objective was to evaluate

psychologist placement in PHC in Sleman

Yogyakarta. Background As response to the

2001 WHO recommendation that mental

health treatment provision in PHC is a

fundamental step in community access to

services, faculty of Psychology Universitas

Gadjah Mada (UGM) and Sleman District

Health Office set up collaboration of

psychologist placement in several PHC in

2004. Since the word ˜mental health’ still

bore stigma, it was covered as reproductive

health service provision for young couple to

be married, but colleagues in the PHC help to

socialize the existence of mental health

service in PHC by psychologist. The

information will be used by the Ministry of

Health to decide for implementation of such

program in other places. Method Information

was obtained by focus group discussion with

directors, medical doctors, psychologists,

responsible persons of community health

program of 8 PHCs, as well as interviews with

policy makers.. Result Policy makers revealed

that, although further research is needed,

psychologists are very useful to provide

holistic approach at person level to

complement existing services provided by

PHCs. Colleagues revealed at first there was

patient refusal to be referred to psychologist,

for fear of community stigma, but eventually

community acceptance improved. In addition

to provide community treatment and

medication monitoring, psychologists are

valuable in promoting healthy life style.

Conclusion Psychologist placement in PHC is

beneficial for mental health treatment and

health promotion. Implementation The

program could be extended in the district

with sufficient resources.

ID: 278

48. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE

SEVERITY OF CARIES EXPERIENCE IN

THE PROVINCE OF BANGKA BELITUNG

ISLAND, INDONESIA

Ch. M. Kristantigunarso Gunarso,

Christiana Titaley


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Introduction: Approximately 87% of

population aged 12 years or more in the

Province of Bangka Belitung Islands,

Indonesia, had tooth decay (Ministry of

Health, 2007). This study aims to factors

associated with DMFT>8 in Bangka Belitung

Province, Indonesia. Methods: Data were

derived from a cross sectional survey, the

2010 Oral Health Care Service Model

Development in the Province of Bangka

Belitung Islands. This survey included

information from 1152 respondents,

consisting of 288 samples aged 12 years (6th

grade of primary school), 288 aged 18 years

(3rd year of senior high school), 288 aged 35-

44 years, and 288 aged 60+ years. Based on

the WHO recommendation, the outcome used

was DMFT (Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth) index

of nine and above (DMFT>8). To identify

factors associated with this outcome, logistic

regression analysis was conducted. Statistical



two different hospital using DOTS and Non

DOTS strategy. Method: Design of the study is

Quasi-experimental with control group. Data

of the study were patients who came to the

hospital for treatment on May 2007 till May

2008 with the clinical symptom of having

cough with large amounts of purulent

sputum, out of breath, chest pain, and loss

body weight. The patient were categorized as

TB suspect based on the laboratory

examination of smear positive and lung

abscess. Result: The cure rate in the hospital

using DOTS strategy were higher compare

with the cure rate in the hospital using Non

DOTS strategy, 74.0% and 19.0% respectively.

{(95% confident interval(CI) =2.3;(1.6-3.5)}.

The cure rate of the patient who treated in

the hospital using DOTS were 1.4 fold higher

compare with the cure rate of the patient

who treated in the hospital using Non DOTS.

The proportion of recovery patient female is

higher compare with male, 30 (85.7 %) and 14

(37.7 %) respectively, Many factors which

infuent for improvement of TB patients are

drug antituberculosis such as streptomycin,

ethambutol, result of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB),

and increased of body weight is significantly

to judge whether suspect TB is cure or not

(OR =0.123; 95% CI=0.017-0.904). Conclusion.

The study conclude that the cure rate of TB

patients who received treatment using DOTS

strategy are higher than the patients who

treated with Non DOTS strategy. Key words:

Tuberculosis (TB), DOTS strategy, Hospital,

Cure rate.

ID: 288

51. KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA,

KONSUMSI DAN STATUS GIZI KELOMPOK

RENTAN (BALITA, WANITA, LANSIA) DI

KABUPATEN PRIORITAS MASALAH

KERAWANAN PANGAN DI INDONESIA

Dr. Ir. Annis Catur Adi, M.Si ,

Unair Surabaya

Latar belakang. Indikator proporsi penduduk

dengan asupan kalori di bawah tingkat

konsumsi minimum (<1400 kkal/hari) sebesar

14,47% dan (<2000 kkal/hr) sebesar 64,21%,

hampir dua kali lipat dari target MDGs

(35,32%) menunjukkan masih adanya

gangguan ketahanan pangan pada rumah

tangga di Indonesia, yang dapat berdampak

pada gangguan status gizi kelompok rentan.

Tujuan. Menilai status ketahanan pangan

rumah tangga dan status gizi individu

kelompok rentan (balita, wanita dan lansia) di

daerah prioritas kerawanan pangan di

Indonesia.

Metode. Analisis lanjut data Riskesdas tahun

2010 untuk 99 kabupaten dan 11084

rumahtangga. Diantaranya 71 kabupaten

prioritas masalah kerawanan pangan

(prioritas I:11, prioritas II: 25 dan prioritas III:

35) dan 28 kabupaten non prioritas di

Indonesia, dengan unit analisis rumahtangga

dan individu (balita, wanita dewasa dan

lansia).

Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan

rumahtangga yang tergolong tahan pangan

dan rawan pangan di kabupaten prioritas

masalah kerawanan pangan yaitu prioritas I

(3,0% & 60,4%), prioritas II (6,3% & 50,7%),

prioritas III (8,7% & 51,9%) dan non prioritas

(12,6% & 42,8%). Risiko terjadinya

rumahtangga tidak tahan pangan (kurang dan

rawan pangan) di kabupaten prioritas I

sebesar 2,2275 kali dan prioritas II sebesar


1,204 kali dibandingkan dengan rumahtangga

di kabupaten non prioritas (bermakna).

Status gizi balita (BB/U, TB/U), status gizi

wanita dewasa dan lansia (BMI) di kabupaten

prioritas lebih rendah dibandingkan non

prioritas. Terdapat hubungan antara

ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dengan

status gizi (BB/U, TB/U,) balita (p=0,002

r=0,049; p=0,00 r=0,078), status gizi wanita

dewasa (p=0,000 r=0,076) dan status gizi

lansia (p=0,000 r=0,121 ).

Simpulan. Rumahtangga dan individu

kelompok rentan (balita, lansia, wanita) di

daerah kabupaten prioritas kerawanan

pangan (I dan II) lebih rentan mengalami

gangguan ketahanan pangan dan gizi

dibandingkan di kabupaten prioritas III dan

non prioritas.

Saran. Kelompok rentan (balita,wanita dan

lansia) pada rumahtangga di kabupaten

prioritas I dan II perlu mendapat prioritas

percepatan penguatan ketahanan pangan dan

perbaikan gizi.

Kata kunci : Ketahanan pangan rumahtangga,

status gizi, balita, wanita, lansia

ID: 291

52. THE DETERMINANT FACTORS OF DOWN

SYNDROME AND CELEBRAL PALSY

Heryudarini Harahap, Salimar, Yekti

Widodo



Background: Defect especially birth defects

become a global problem. The importance of

birth defects as a cause of stillbirths and

neonatal mortality that the attainment of

MDG 4 that are reduction of child mortality.

Objectives: 1) to verify the defect data that

had conducted in Basic National Survey

(Riskesdas) 2010, 2) to study the determinant

factors of down syndrome (DS) and celebral

palsy (CP). Methods: The data that used for

this analysis Riskedas 2010 that carried out by

National Institute for Health Research and

Development. The sample is all children aged

24-59 months and their mothers. Defect data

that obtained from Riskesdas 2010 verified

again by visiting households that have

children with defect. Data verification

performed on all children with defect who

were in West Java Province. Results: The

prevalence of all defect were 0.52%, DS was

0.07% and CP was 0.05%. The number of

children that verified was 8, spread across 6

districts. The verification found that 1) one

child who was mentioned defect found was

normal, 2) child who mentioned with multiple

defect and DS found CP, 3) one child who was

mentioned mute found CP, 4) children who

were mentioned DS was found correctly DS.

Mother who gave birth > 35 years old at risk

of having a baby with DS is 3.2 (OR: 3.226; CI :

3.062 – 3.4) times higher than mother who

gave birth ≤ 35 years old, mother who gave

birth with birth order > 5 at risk of having a

baby with DS is 2.8 (OR: 2.790; CI : 2.651 –

2.937) times higher than mother who gave

birth with birth order ≤ 4, mother who

haven’t got tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization

at risk of having a baby with DS is 4.7

(OR:4.764; CI : 4.526 – 5.014) times higher

than mother who have got TT. Mother who

gave birth > 35 years old at risk of having a

baby with CP is 9.1 (OR: 9.116; CI : 8.469 –

9.813) times higher than mother who gave

birth ≤ 35 years old, mother who gave birth

with birth spacing < 24 months at risk of

having baby with CP 7.0 (OR:7.063; CI : 6.551

– 7.616) times higher than mother who gave

birth with birth spacing ≥ 24 months.

Conclussions: It is found some erroneous in

defining defect when Riskesdas 2010 had


determine the relationship between infant’s

birth weight and mother’s nutritional status,

i.e. pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during

pregnancy, and maternal Hb level in the 3rd

trimester as well as several other factor. The

study design is cross sectional using secondary

data from medical record of Budi Kemuliaan

Hospital Jakarta which was measured in

January 2012. The result of chi square and

correlation regression test show there is

significant relationship between pre-

pregnancy weight and weight gain during

pregnancy and birth weight. The multiple

logistic regression test reveals that pre-

pregnancy weight, weight gain during

pregnancy, maternal age, and birth order are

factors that are effecting birth weight

significantly, with pre-pregnancy weight as

the dominant factor (OR=6,643). Therefore, it

is imperative to give more attention to

undernou rished women who are planning

their pregnancy Keywords : Birth Weight,

Mother Nutritional Status, 3000 g.



POSTER PRESENTATION

ID: 42

55. FIRST DENGUE HEMORHAGIC FEVER

OUTBREAK IN KAIMANA DISTRICT,

WEST PAPUA PROVINCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY

AND ENTOMOLOGY INVESTIGATION

Tri Nury Kridaningsih, Kridaningsih, Hana

Krismawati, Mardi Rahardjo, Evi Iriani

Natalia

Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan

Biomedis Papua

Background : Dengue outbreak first case had

been occured in May-July in Kaimana District

West Papua. This Dengue was the first case in

Kaimana in last 50 years base on records of

West Papua Health Department,

presumptively caused by transmission of

Dengue virus from infected temporer visitor

that participating one of religious event, held

by local goverment. Objectives: The porpuse

of this investigation was to study the

distribution of the DHF cases related to

patient household. Entomological survey was

intended to identified the species, breeding

habitat of suspected mosquito vectors.

Method: Interview on positives patients and

an entomology investigation were overtaken

on Juny 2012. Mosquitoes sample were

collected on resting habitat as well as human

landing collection. Larvae were collected from

water container at 25 sampling site consist of

patient household, school, and hospital.

Larvae collection was rearranged in

Entomology Laboratory. Dengue virus were

detected in mosquitoes that had been

collected from research area as well as from

rearranged mosquitoes using RT-PCR method

Lancioti primer. Result: Case report show that

the age majority of DHF cases is 6-12 (48,1%)

and dominan patients were woman (63%).

The study found one dead (3,7%) cases and 26

(96,3%) sick cases. The symptomps of DHF

patients were fever (100%), headache

(74,1%), hemorhagic (25,9%), patechiae

(100%), nausea (44,4%) and vomit (51,9%).

Result of entomology survey indicated that

Aedes agyepti had been known as dengue

main vector in most area in Indonesia were

absent, while the second vector Aedes

albopictus was present abundantly in adult

stage as well as in larvae stage that had been

collected. The mosquitoes were found more

in their resting habitat than in patient’s

houses. The most abundant of the mosquitoes

was found at 13.00 in SDN Kaimana one of

MTQ event took place. The container that

contain A.albopictus larvae were unused tire,

plastic container and ceramic container. The

study from 25 sampling location indicated

that 40% Aedes albopictus breteau with

House Indek 26,6% and Container Indek

21,2%.The house index was more than 10%

mean that this area has high susceptibility in

DHF outbreak according to Ministry of Health

criteria. Key words: Dengue, Aedes albopictus,

outbreak.

ID: 45

56. UJI MUTAGENIK EKSTRAK GAMBIR

(Uncaria gambir Roxb.) SEBAGAI

KANDIDAT ANTIRETROVIRAL UNTUK

HIV

Novi Sulistyaningrum, Lina Rustanti,

Sukmayati Alegantina


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

UJI MUTAGENIK EKSTRAK GAMBIR (Uncaria

gambir Roxb.) SEBAGAI KANDIDAT

ANTIRETROVIRAL UNTUK HIV ABSTRACT The

main compound of Uncaria gambir Roxb.

(gambir), catechin and it’s derivates have

been believed to be potential as antiviral.

EGCG and ECG are catechin derivates which

are found to be potential as antiviral against


HIV. However, gambir extract also contains

quercetin that has possibility to be mutagenic.

Therefore, a preliminary study towards safety

of those compounds within gambir extract,

mutagenicity assay using Ames Method has

been performed. The extract was

characterized according to Herbal

Pharmacopoeia Indonesia and WHO methods.

The results showed that extract of gambir in

this study contains 86.60% of catechin,

12.92% moisture content, 22.49% water-

soluble extract content, 80.63% ethanol-

soluble extract content, 0.81% total ash,

0.32% acid insoluble ash content and 10.38%

in dryness level. Ames mutagenicity test

utilized a colorimetric microplate in mutant

Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, Salmonella

typhimurium TA 100 and Escherichia coli WP2

uvrA with and without the addition of S-9

enzyme. From the experiment, it was showed

that there is no potentially mutagenic effect

of gambir extract. Keywords: Uncaria gambir

Roxb., Ames method, mutagenic, catechin,

HIV.

ID: 50

57. THE RELATIONSHIP WITH

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ON

DIARRHEA INCIDENCE OF DISEASE

SOCIETY COASTALAREAS VILLAGE

NAMBO ABELI DISTRICTS KENDARI CITY

Ramadhan Tosepu, Ramadhan Tosepu

FKM Universitas Haluoleo

Incidence of diarrhea in Nambo village in 2008

as many as 72 patients, in 2009 as many as 97

patients, and in 2010, 104 patients. The

purpose of this study was to investigated the

relationship between the provision of clean

water, latrines, waste water management,

waste management, and personal hygiene

with diarrheal disease. The research method

used was an observational analytic Cross

Sectional Study. The samples in this study was

carried out by simple random sampling. The

results showed that the value of statistical

tests at significance level of alpha 0.05

obtained there was a significant correlation

between the management of waste water

(Ï•Value = 0.000), processing waste (Ï•Value =

0.004), personal hygiene (Ï•Value = 0.012),

with diarrhea and no there was a significant

correlation between water supply (Ï•Value =

0.160) and family latrines (Ï•Value = 0.385)

with diarrheal disease. Results analysis

showed variable mulitvariat waste water

management was a major factor with a value

of Exp (B) = 2.651 95% CI = lower limit upper

limit = 1.223 = 5.743. Keywords: Diarrhea,

environmental sanitation, coastal zone

ID: 51

58. BASELINE DATA OF STUDY COHORT OF

RISK FACTORS NCD OF CHRONIC

OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

(COPD)IN CENTRAL BOGOR CITY, WEST

JAVA, INDONESIA

Ratih Oemiati Lisa Andriyani, Lisa

Andriyani



Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) is a growing cause of morbidity and

mortality worldwide, and accurate estimates

of the prevalence of this disease are needed

to anticipate the future burden of COPD,

target key risk factors, and plan for providing

COPD-related health services. According to

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates,

about 80 million people have moderate to

severe COPD and 3 million died of COPD in

2005, which corresponds to 5% of all deaths

globally. Total deaths due to COPD are

projected to increase by more than 30% in the

next 10 years. This was an secondary data

analysis of observasional study with cohort

prospective study to individual who had



common risk factors in non communicable

major disease. The respondents had

completed post bronchodilator spirometry

test, and filling the questionnaires about

respiratory symptoms, health status, and

exposure of pollutans to COPD risk factors.

There was two steps of WHO steps criteria in

Non Communicable Major disease research

standard. Based on spirometry’s test had

prevalence of COPD 8.5 %, most of them men

with age’s groups in 50 - 60 years old with

lower education and Sundaness ethnic

groups. According to risk factors most

respondent had smoking habits, majority

pollutan in door was stove’s smoke, out door

pollutan was vehicle’s smoke and work area

pollutan was dust and chemical componds.

ID: 55

59. PROFIL STATUS GIZI, KEADAAN SOSIAL

EKONOMI, PARITAS, PENGETAHUAN DAN

PERILAKU SERTA KESEHATAN

REPRODUKSI PADA WANITA YANG

MENIKAH DINI DI INDONESIA

Budi Setyawati, Noviati Fuada, Shalimar



Latar Belakang: Data Riskesdas 2010

mendapatkan masih tingginya angka

pernikahan dini pada wanita yakni sebesar

46,7% pada wanita remaja berusia di bawah

20 tahun. Besarnya angka pernikahan dini

pada wanita, tingginya kemungkinan risiko

kesehatan yang yang mengiringinya

memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut.

Tujuan : Tulisan ini berupaya mengkaji profil

status gizi, keadaan sosial ekonomi, paritas,

pengetahuan dan perilaku serta kesehatan

reproduksi pada wanita yang menikah dini

dan perbedaannya dengan wanita yang tidak

menikah dini di Indonesia.

Metode : Analisis menggunakan data

Riskesdas 2010 yang dilakukan secara cross

sectional study, dengan sampel seluruh

wanita berusia 10 tahun keatas yang telah

menikah.

Hasil : Terdapat 49% wanita yang menikah

dini dan 51% yang menikah diusia 20 tahun

keatas. Pada wanita menikah berusia kurang

dari 30 tahun terdapat 50,7% yang menikah

dini, wanita usia 30-50 tahun terdapat 46,2%,

dan wanita usia 50 tahun keatas terdapat

49,0% yang menikah dini. Sebagian besar

sampel, baik yang menikah dini maupun

cukup umur memiliki status gizi normal.

Mendekati separuh wanita yang menikah dini

berlatar belakang keluarga dengan kondisi

ekonomi rendah (kuintil 1 atau 2). Sebaliknya,

sekitar 4/5 wanita yang menikah di usia yang

cukup memiliki keluarga dengan status

ekonomi menengah (kuintil 3 atau 4). Wanita

yang menikah dini lebih banyak berlatar

belakang pendidikan tidak tamat/tamat SD

dan berprofesi sebagai petani/nelayan/buruh.

Sedangkan wanita yang tidak menikah dini

lebih banyak berpendidikan SMP keatas dan

berprofesi sebagai TNI/PNS/wiraswasta.

Jumlah anak 3-5 orang lebih besar ditemui

pada wanita yang menikah dini (39,2%)

dibandingkan yang tidak (30,7%). Pada wanita

menikah usia 10-24 tahun, hanya sekitar

22,8% yang mendapat penyuluhan tentang

kesehatan reproduksi. Pemeriksaan alat

kelamin pada tenaga kesehatan hanya sekitar

3% dan 5% (menikah dini maupun tidak).

Wanita yang menikah di usia yang cukup

memiliki pengetahuan tentang tanda bahaya

kehamilan lebih baik (47,2%) dibandingkan

yang wanita yang menikah dini (39,6%).

Walaupun sebagian besar wanita yang

menikah dini maupun cukup umur

memeriksakan kehamilannya ke tenaga

kesehatan (76,5% dan 88,6%), namun lebih

banyak wanita yang menikah dini tidak

memeriksakan kehamilannya (4,1%)


dibandingkan wanita yang menikah di usia

yang cukup (1,9%). Pada semua kelompok,

memiliki persentase yang sama pada

kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan (3,8%).

Namun pada wanita yang menikah dini, upaya

untuk mengakhirinya lebih besar yakni sekitar

7,5% dibandingkan wanita yang menikah

cukup umur (6,3%).

Kesimpulan : Wanita yang menikah dini

memiliki proporsi yang lebih besar

dibandingkan wanita yang tidak menikah dini

dalam hal status pendidikan rendah, status

perekonomian keluarga rendah dan

berprofesi pekerjaan petani/nelayan/buruh.

Selain itu memiliki proporsi yang lebih besar

pula untuk memiliki jumlah anak yang lebih

banyak, kurangnya pengetahuan tentang

bahaya kehamilan, tidak memeriksakan

kehamilan ke tenaga kesehatan. Selain itu,

walaupun memiliki proporsi yang sama untuk

kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, namun

wanita yang menikah dini lebih besar

proporsinya untuk upaya mengakhiri

kehamilannya dibandingkan wanita yang

menikah di usia yang cukup.

Kata Kunci : wanita, menikah dini, kesehatan

reproduksi.

ID: 56

60. THE EFFECT OF STEAMED BROCCOLI

(BRASSICA OLERASEA L VAR. ITALICA)

COMPARED WITH CAULIFLOWER

(BRASSICA OLERASEA L VAR.BOTRYTIS)

TO CLINICAL SIGN AND

HISTOPHATOLOGY OF COLON IN MICED

INDUCED BY DSS

Lusiana Darsono

Maranatha Christian University

Backgrounds: Chronic inflammation is an

important risk factor for cancers. There have

been reported that chronic inflammation

could develop carcinogenesis and Ulcerative

colitis (UC) is a predisposition for colorectal

cancer. Cruciferous vegetables such as

broccoli and cauliflower are vegetables that

could reduce risk of UC by its fitochemical

component, sulforaphane that effective as

anti-inflammation. Objectives: of this study is

to examine the effect of broccoli- and

cauliflowers-steamed in reducing clinical score

of colitis and histological feature of colon in

dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis

mice. The method of this study was

completely randomized design by comparing

1,5 g of broccoli- or cauliflower-steamed

treated mice to 2, and 5 % (w/v) DSS-treated

control group. Clinical score of diarrhea and

colon histological analysis of each group were

observed. All data were analyze using Kruskal-

Wallis H test and continue by Mann-Whitney

U test with ï•¡ = 0.05. The results showed that

broccoli and cauliflower significantly reduce

diarrhea in DSS-induced colitis mice compared

to control group (p<0, 05). No differences

could be observed between broccoli and

cauliflowers in reducing diarrhea (p=456).

Histopathological feature of proximal, medial,

and distal colon significantly different among

DSS group to negative control (p<0, 05).

Treated group’s broccoli and cauliflower-

steamed significantly different compared to

negative control on proximal and medial

colon. Broccoli or cauliflower significantly

improved medial and distal colon

histopatological features compared to DSS-

treated mice (p<0, 05). No differences could

be observed between broccoli and

cauliflowers in improving colon

histopathological features. As conclusion,

both broccoli and cauliflower steamed could

reduce diarrhea and improve histological

feature of colon in DSS-induced colitis mice,

especially medial and distal colon. Broccoli

and cauliflower steamed have no different

effect to reduce diarrhea and improve

histopathological feature of colon. Keywords:

broccoli, cauliflower, ulcerative colitis,



sulforaphane, fitochemical, mice

ID: 60

61. BERAT LAHIR DAN KELANGSUNGAN

HIDUP NEONATAL DI INDONESIA

ANALISIS DATA SDKI 2007)

Demsa Simbolon

Politeknik Kesehatan Bengkulu

Angka kematian neonatal Indonesia

menduduki peringkat ke-10 tertinggi di dunia

yang diperkirakan karena masih tingginya

kejadian bayi berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR).

Penelitian menggunakan data SDKI 2007

dengan desain kohort retrospektif bertujuan

untuk mengetahui probabilitas kelangsungan

hidup neonatal menurut berat lahir dan

mengidentifikasi pengaruh berat lahir

terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal.

Sampel sebanyak 11.748 bayi dengan kriteria

inklusi yaitu bayi anak terakhir dan saat

wawancara bayi berumur minimal 28 hari,

lahir hidup, lahir tunggal, data kelahiran dan

status serta waktu kematian lengkap. Hasil

penelitian menemukan bahwa probabilitas

kumulatif kelangsungan hidup neonatal di

Indonesia adalah 98,49%. Semakin rendah

berat lahir semakin rendah probabilitas

kelangsungan hidup neonatal. 95,68% pada

neonatal dengan berat lahir rendah (2000-

2499 gram) dan 89,83% pada neonatal berat

lahir sangat rendah (1500-1999 gram). Hasil

analisis regresi cox menunjukkan berat lahir

berinteraksi dengan paritas ibu, sehingga

pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan

hidup neonatal tergantung pada paritas ibu

setelah dikontrol pengaruh paritas dan daerah

tempat tinggal. Bayi BBLR dari ibu paritas

multipara berisiko 2,9 kali (95% CI HR = 1,5-

5,6) dan grandemultipara berisiko 3,9 kali

(95% CI HR = 1,9 - 7,6) mengalami kematian

pada periode neonatal dibandingkan dengan

bayi lahir berat normal. Perlu upaya intervensi

untuk mencegah bayi lahir BBLR sejak dini dan

penanganan intensif pada bayi lahir BBLR.

Kata kunci: Berat lahir, Kelangsungan Hidup

Neonatal, regresi cox BIRTH WEIGHT AND

NEONATAL SURVIVAL IN INDONESIA (IDHS

DATA ANALYSIS 2007) ABSTRACK Neonatal

mortality rate of Indonesia was ranked the

10th highest in the world as predicted from

still high prevalence of low birth weight

infants (LBW). This research used of data

Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey

2007 with retrospective cohort design. The

purposes of the research is to know

probability of neonatal survival according to

birth weight and to identify effect of birth

weight on neonatal survival. The number of

sample is 11.748 infant with inclusion criteria

is last infant and the interview at least 28 days

old, alivebirth in the year 2002-2007, single

birth, complete date of birth and status and

time of death. The study found the cumulative

probability of neonatal survival in Indonesia

was 98.49%. The lower birth weight,

probability of neonatal survival also lower,

95.68% at neonatal low birth weight (2000-

2499 gr) and 89.83% at neonatal very low

weight (1500-1999 gr). The Cox regression

analysis showed that birth weight

modification effect with maternal parity, so

that the influence of birth weight on neonatal

survival dependent on the the maternal parity

after controlling birth spacing and area of

residence. LBW infants of multiparous

maternal parity risk 2.9 times (95% CI = 1.5 to

5.6 HR) and grandemultiparous risk 3.9 times

(95% CI HR = 1.9 to 7.6) experienced a death

in the neonatal period compared with normal

birth weight. Necessary early interventions to

prevent low birth weight and intensive care to

infants with LBW. Keywords: Birth weight,

Neonatal Survival, cox regression


ID: 71

62. BIO-ECOLOGY MALARIA VECTOR IN

GALANG BATAM CITY, KEPULAUAN RIAU

PROVINCE

Muhammad Hasyimi, Supratman

Sukowati



BIO-ECOLOGY MALARIA VECTOR IN GALANG

BATAM CITY, KEPULAUAN RIAU PROVINCE

Abstract Background : Galang as one of the 12

sub districts in the Batam city, still has the

problem of malaria, it has a unique

topography because it consists of several

islands, coastal areas and population

distribution concentrated on certain islands.

Other, Galang has annual parasite index (API)

43.3 ° in 2006. The number of malaria cases in

Galang showed an increase from 788 in 2006

to 2447 in 2007. For supporting malaria

control programs in the Galang district, then

conducted a study with the aim to understand

the bio-ecology malaria vector. Objective : to

understand the bio-ecology malaria vector at

Galang district. Methods :The study was

conducted in 2008, by identification of vector

breeding habitat, vector incrimination and

collections of the adult Anopheles by catching

the bait human body methods. Results :The

results showed that in the district of Galang

were found breeding places of Anopheles that

the highest Anopheles larvaes per dip

concentration was among fishpond and

followed by drainages. In term of time of

Anopheles sundaicus bites, the most common

mosquitoes biting occurred 0-1 AM and 4-5

AM. On the other hand the scarce time biting

was 6-8 PM. Conclusion : breeding places of

Anopheles that the highest Anopheles larvaes

per dip concentration was among fishpond.

ID: 75

63. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IRON INTAKE

AND ANEMIA IN THIRD TRIMESTERS

PREGNANCY AT BUNGUS HEALTH

CENTER,PADANG IN 2012.

Mery Ramadani, Suryati, Bertha Helena

Faculty of Public Health Andalas

University

Background: Anemia is one of the most

frequent complications related to pregnancy.

Severe anemia may have adverse effects on

the mother and the fetus. There is also

evidence that less severe anemia is associated

with poor pregnancy outcome. Bungus was

the second highest for incidence of anemia in

Padang city. Objectives: The objective of this

research was to know the association

between Iron intake and anemia at working

areas of Bungus Health Centre, Padang in

2012. Methods: Cross sectional design was

used in this research. The respondents were

pregnant women in third trimesters.

Assessment of iron intake using food recall

method. Results: This research found out that

60% of pregnant women have anemia, and

76.2% among them have low iron intake.

Conclusions: There was association between

iron intake and incidence of anemia. Pregnant

women who have inadequate intake of iron,

18 times risk to get anemia than pregnant

women who have adequate iron intake after

adjusted by protein intake and iron

supplementation. Iron intake is important in

incidence of anemia, therefore pregnant

women should have adequate iron diets to

provide optimal health for maternal and

infant.



ID: 76

64. PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN PUSKESMAS

DAN GAMBARAN KETENAGAAN

PUSKESMAS KOTA BEKASI

Dra. Raharni, Apt, MKes , Rini Sasanti H



Backgrounds Community health center is a

technical implementation unit in District/City

health office (UPTD) which is responsible for

the health development in an area of work

that is generally located in district level

administrative areas. Health care services that

are managed by the community health center

is a primary health care, i.e. for the individual

health and public health effort, and it require

an adequate health care resources needs in

both quantity and quality. On the other hand,

community health center networking

development is needed to support primary

health care services to be closer to the

community. Objectives The objective of this

study is to provide the community health

center networking development and an

overview of community health center human

resources in Bekasi city, so that health care

services could be run is accordance to the

goals. Methods The research design was

cross-sectional and the study used a desk

study to examine the various references of

the documents required in the community

health centers and sub of community health

centers (Pustu) in Bekasi city. Conclusions The

results shown the availability of human

resources in community health centers in

Bekasi city was still not sufficient and did not

yet meet the needs especially of nurses,

midwives and labor analyst, assistant

pharmacist. The resources allocation has not

been based of the right health education

accordingly. Distribution of medical personnel

especially specialists in community health

centers in Bekasi city was uneven and the

general doctor look not proportionate,

because there are some community health

centers have only one general practitioner.

Not all of community health centers in Bekasi

city have human resources who specializes in

supporting pharmaceutical drugs and

pharmacies.Thus, effort were gradually

provide resources in accordance with the field

work and the provision of training, so that the

health service can be run better. Based on the

location of community health centers, it was

various, i.e. in the residential, the community

health center is occupy the unclear ownership

land tittle, i.e. the public/ social facility, in the

office area is government owned land and

some occupy the waqf land. Community

health center networking development is

performed through the development and

establishment of sub community health

center (Pustu) for residential areas that

located far from the reach of community

health centers and the provision of mobile

community health centers for health services

to be closer to the community. Key word:

Community Health Center, Networking

Development, Human resources,

COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER NETWORKING

DEVELOPMENT AND PREVIEW OF

COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER HUMAN

RESOURCES IN BEKASI CITY Abstrak

Puskesmas merupakan Unit Pelaksana Teknis

Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota (UPTD) yang

bertanggungjawab menyelenggarakan

pembangunan kesehatan di suatu wilayah

kerja yang pada umumnya berada ditingkat

wilayah administrasi kecamatan. Pelayanan

kesehatan yang diselenggarakan puskesmas

adalah pelayanan kesehatan dasar yaitu

upaya kesehatan perorangan dan upaya

kesehatan masyarakat, memerlukan tenaga

kesehatan yang memadai baik dari segi

kuantitas maupun kualitas. Disamping itu

diperlukan pengembangan jaringan

puskesmas untuk lebih mendekatkan

pelayanan kesehatan dasar kepada


masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah

untuk memberikan gambaran ketenagaan dan

pengembangan jaringan puskesmas dan pustu

kota Bekasi, sehingga pelayanan kesehatan

dapat berjalan sesuai tujuan yang akan

dicapai. Metode penelitian adalah potong

lintang dan desk study dengan mengkaji

berbagai referensi mengenai dokumen-

dokumen yang diperlukan di puskesmas dan

pustu di kota Bekasi. Hasil Penelitian

menunjukkan jumlah ketersediaan tenaga

kesehatan di puskesmas kota Bekasi saat ini

masih belum mencukupi dan belum sesuai

kebutuhan terutama tenaga perawat, bidan

dan tenaga analis, asisten apoteker.

Penempatan tenaga belum dilatarbelakangi

pendidikan tenaga kesehatan yang sesuai.

Persebaran tenaga medis terutama tenaga

spesialis puskesmas di kota Bekasi saat ini

tidak merata dan sebaran dokter umum

terlihat belum proporsional karena ada

beberapa puskesmas yang hanya memiliki

satu dokter umum. Tenaga penunjang

kefarmasian yang khusus menangani obat dan

apotik tidak dimiliki oleh semua puskesmas di

kota bekasi. Dengan demikian diperlukan

upaya secara bertahap pemenuhan tenaga

yang belum sesuai dengan bidang

pekerjaannya dan penyelenggaraan pelatihan,

sehingga pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan

dapat berjalan dengan baik. Berdasarkan

lokasi puskesmas cukup beragam yaitu di area

perumahan menempati tanah fasos/fasum

yang menghadapi ketidakjelasan status tanah,

di area perkantoran merupakan lahan milik

pemerintah dan beberapa menempati tanah

wakaf. Pengembangan jaringan pelayanan

kesehatan dilakukan melalui pengembangan

dan pendirian puskesmas pembantu (pustu)

untuk daerah-daerah dekat pemukiman yang

lokasinya jauh dari jangkauan puskesmas

serta penyediaan puskesmas keliling untuk

lebih mendekatkan pelayanan kesehatan pada

masyarakat. Key word : Pengembangan

Jaringan, Puskesmas, Ketenagaan

ID: 82

65. ASSOCIATED NUTRITION CONSUMPTION,

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE WITH

PEPTIC ULCER DESEASE EVENT ON

TENAGERS IN SMAN 2 PADANG CITY

2011

dr. Fauziah Elytha, M. Sc, Azrimaidaliza,

SKM, MKM, Vivi Triana, SKM, M. PH.

Public Health Faculty

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable

nutrition. Health problems, one of which ulcer

disease. Prevalence of gastritis as much as

0.99%, the incidence of gastritis 115/100.000

population. Desert Health Center's annual

report the number of visits of cases in

January-December 2010 totaled 1818 cases of

traffic (new + old), while cases of gastritis in

adolescents (15-19 years) amounted to 259

cases. This study aimed to determine the

relationship of diet and knowledge of the

incidence of ulcer disease in adolescents in

the city of Padang in 2011. This type of

research is descriptive analytic cross sectional

study research design. The entire population

of juvenile cases is a status of high school

students in the city of Padang. The samples

taken were high school students Teenagers N

2 Padang city meet inclusion and exclusion

criteria. Data were analyzed with Chi-square

test. The results found a significant

relationship between the diet and the

incidence of ulcer disease (p <0.05), no

significant relationship between the level of

knowledge of the incidence of ulcer disease

(p> 0.05) and no significant relationship

between the attitude of the incidence of ulcer

disease (p > 0.05). irregular eating patterns

such as poor eating habits can lead to ulcer

disease. Respondents who have a high level of

knowledge and low will have no effect on the

incidence of ulcer disease in adolescents.

Researchers suggest that adolescents are

given the attention of all parties, especially



the families and health care to remind the

dangers of ulcer disease, as well as how need

a regular diet.

ID: 92

66. VALUE DENTAL CARIES (DMF-T) TO THE

WEST IN THE DISTRICT IN 2010

KETAPANG KALIMANTAN

Indirawati Tjahja, Magdarina D.A.,

Sintawati, Made Ayu Lely S, Lely

Andayasari

P2

Value Dental Caries (DMF-T) TO THE WEST IN

THE DISTRICT IN 2010 KETAPANG

KALIMANTAN Abstract Background : Dental

caries are usually caused by poor oral hygiene,

resulting in the accumulation of plaque that

contains a variety of bacteria. Method : This

study uses diagnostic test research design.

The study was conducted at the health center

Kedondong ,Ketapang district of West

Kalimantan. Subjects numbered 150 person,

consisting of men and women aged 12 years,

eged 15 years, eged 18 years, eged 35-44

years, and up to 65 years, each subject will be

examined by 10 dentists and 10 non-dentists.

Non dentists include nursing academy,

academy of nutrition, pharmaceutical

academy, academy of enviromental health

and public health scholers. The research

objective was to compare the results of the

DMF-T (Decay Missing Filling Treatment)

between a dentist and non dentist.

ID: 101

67. HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK REMAJA

TERKAIT RISIKO PENULARAN HIV-AIDS

DAN PERILAKU SEKS TIDAK AMAN DI

INDONESIA

Niniek Lely Pratiwi, Hari Basuki



ABSTRAK Salah satu fase yang mempunyai

kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap penularan

HIV-AIDS adalah masa remaja, suatu masa

yang mempunyai mobilitas sosial yang paling

tinggi dibandingkan masa usia lainnya. Pada

tahun terakhir ini terdapat kecenderungan

peningkatan kasus penyakit HIV-AIDS

khususnya pada kelompok remaja yang

merupakan usia reproduktif. Penelitian ini

bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan

karakteristik remaja dalam risiko kerentanan

dalam penularan HIV-AIDS dengan Perilaku

seksual tidak aman pada remaja usia 15-24

tahun. Metode analisis berdasarkan jenis data

Karakteristik remaja sebagai variabel

independen dan perilaku seks tidak aman

remaja sebagai variabel dependen.

Pencegahan penularan HIV-AIDS yang bersifat

nominal sebagai variabel dependen, maka uji

analisis melalui 2 tahap analisis. Analisis tahap

pertama yaltu analisis univariat, dan bivariat.

Analisis tahap ke dua dilanjutkan dengan

analisis regressi binomial.


ID: 114

68. OBESITY STATUS AND NUTRIENT

INTAKE BALINESE WOMEN AGED ABOVE

40 YEARS OLD IN DISTRICT OF SOUTH

DENPASAR BALI PROVINCE

Kadek Tresna Adhi Tresna Adhi

School of Public Health, Faculty of

Medicine, Udayana University

Background: Waist Circumference (WC) is one

of parameter body fat to indicates abdominal

obesity. A high waist circumference is

associated with an increased risk for type 2

diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular

disease. Determinant factors lead to central

obesity, such as consumption habit, genetic

and also social factors. Objective: To

determine obesity status based on waist

circumference measurement, characteristic

(age, education, labor), nutrient intake in

Balinese women aged above 40 years in South

Denpasar Bali. Method: This study used cross-

sectional approach. The samples was 82

women aged 40 years in South Denpasar.

Samples selected by systematic random

sampling. Nutrient intake such as energy,

protein, carbohydrate, fat and fiber intake

data obtained from interviews with Semi

Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire

(SQ-FFQ), and then compared Recommended

Dietary Allowance (RDA) for women aged 40

years. Characteristics obtained from

interviews using a questionnaire. Obesity

status was obtained by measurement of waist

circumference (cm). Result: The results

showed the majority of sample aged 40-47

years (70.7%), work as housewives (43.9%)

with secondary education level (63.4%) and

had a family history of obesity (42.7%). Waist

circumference greater than 80 cm (73.2%) and

classified as obese. Level of nutrient intake

which was over than 100%RDA for energy

(58.8%), protein (70.7%) and carbohydrates

(73.2%), while the consumption of fat (81.7%)

was quite enough (â‰¤100%RDA). Fiber

intake (95.1%) was less than 25 g/day.

Conclusion: Most of the Balinese women who

live in South of Denpasar had waist

circumference greater than 80 cm that

indicate of obesity and most of them have

nutrient intake more than 100%RDA.

Keywords: obesity, waist circumference,

women.

ID: 127

69. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF NON

POLIO ENTEROVIRUSES (NPEV) FROM

ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS CASES IN

WESTERN PART OF INDONESIA 2007-

2010

Nike Susanti, Krisna N.A Pangesti,

Yeremiah RC2


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Background Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP)

surveillance which comprises cases and

laboratory investigation has been established

by WHO in order to achieving the goal of

global eradication of polio. NIHRD is one of

national reference polio laboratory in

Indonesia that conduct diagnostic test for AFP

cases specimen from Western part of

Indonesia. AFP cases can be caused by

poliovirus and non polio viruses, such as

enteroviruses. This recent study investigate

the serotype of Non Polio Entero Viruses

(NPEV) from AFP cases in 2007-2010 and its

geographical distribution. Method This recent

study used biological archive from AFP cases

in 2007-2010. APF specimens was cultured in

cell line (RD/L20B) in BSL-2 laboratory.

Positive isolates from RD cell line and negative

in L20B cell line were tested by neutralization

test to determine serotype of NPEV.

Demography data were also collected from

case investigation form of the patients and

geographical data was analyzed using GIS Arc



View 3.3. Results From total 2625 AFP cases,

6,8 % are NPEV. NPEV cases were mostly

found in North Sumatera provinces (20,4%),

There is variation of the number of NPEV

cases found each year in 16 province that

send AFP specimens to NIHRD. NPEV cases is

commonly found in age group 1-5 years old,

(54,3 % in 2007, 86,7% in 2008, 62,2% in 2009,

and 66,3% in 2010). Serotyping using WHO

standard antisera showed that Echovirus is

the common serotype found in 2007-2010.

However, there were unidentified or

untypeable NPEV isolates that need further

investigation. Conclusion NPEV is one of the

etiology that cause Acute Flaccid Paralysis

(AFP) in Western part of Indonesia. Further

detection of NPEV serotype using molecular

technology is needed to reveal other etiology

of AFP. Keyword: Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Non

Polio Enterovirus, serotype

ID: 128

70. CITY AND MUNICIPALITY AS

DETERMINANT FACTORS OF AGING

DISABILITY IN WEST JAVA AND BANTEN

INDONESIA

Charles Surjadi, Yunisa Astiarani, Anisa

Riza Chaerunnisa, Siti Isfandari

Faculty of Medicine Atma Jaya chatolic

university of Indonesia

Objectives: One of challenge in health for

elderly is active aging. Some determinants

factor play role on this matter such as city and

municipality policies. Therefore we analyze

2007 national health research data for

determinants affecting disability of elderly

people in West Java and Banten. Methods:

Census block were selected by probability

proportional to size methods. Households

were selected by simple random sampling of

selected census blocks. People aged 55 year

and above from selected households were

included as individual samples (10121

persons). Data on age, sex, number of

household members, socioeconomic status,

and disability (based on WHO questionnaire)

was analyzed. Questionnaires were

distributed to cities and municipalities.

Interviews were done to several cities to

collect data on important policy and socio

ecological factors in preventing disability. Chi-

square (p < 0.05) and multiple logistic

regression is performed to find significant

variables for the ultimate model. Result:

There are 40.8% of disabled elderly in West

Java and Banten province. The city of

Sukabumi has highest percentage of aging

disability (59.4%), while the city of Tangerang

has the lowest (25.3%). Four

cities/municipalities have low disability

percentage (less than 30%). Multivariate

analysis shows that most of disabled elderly

are 75 years old and above (OR = 2.6, CI 95% =

2.2- 3.2), women (OR=1.3, CI 95% =1.1-1.5),

low education (OR = 1.9, CI= 95%=1.5-2.3), did

not work (OR =1.5, CI 95%= 1.3-1.8), have no

teeth (OR =1.6 CI 95%=1.3-1.8), underweight

(OR =1.3, CI 95%=1.1-1.5), low socioeconomic

status (OR= 1.2, CI 95%=1-1.5), residing

outside Municipality of Sukabumi (OR= 3.1,CI

95%=2.1-4.4), outside Municipality of

Kuningan (OR =2.3,CI 95%=1.7-3.2) outside

Municipality of Tangerang (OR =2.3,CI

95%=1.5-3.4 ), and outside City of Tangerang

(OR =1.6, CI 95%=1-2.4). Some diseases also

related to diability such as respiratory disease

(OR= 1.5,CI 95%=1.2-1.8), cardiac disease (OR

=1.4 1.1-1.8), hypertension (OR =1.2, CI

95%=1.1-1.5), joint pain (OR= 1.5, CI 95%=1.1-

2), mental health problem (OR= 3.2, CI

95%=2.8-3.6) and paralysis (OR 2, CI 95%=1.5-

2.7), Conclusion:Individual characteristics and

socio contextual factors at municipalities and

cities play roles in reducing prevalence of

disability among aging. Efforts on aging health

program on district level, which involve socio

ecological factors, should be increased. There

is a need to call attention of three areas of


active aging (health, participation and

security) to achieve active aging.

ID: 129

71. TRADISIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE IN

KARET BIVAK CEMETERY FOR HEALING

THE DISEASES AFTERMATH THE FLOOD

DISASTER IN URBAN COMMUNITY

Weny Lestari



Backgrounds : This study concerns about

experiences and responses from members of

community, who live in flood plain at Karet

Tengsin Tanah Abang Jakarta dealing with

flood disaster and disease which came

aftermath frequently. Flood disaster can

cause a wide range of health impacts to the

members of community. General diseases

which came aftermath the flood are diarrhea,

common cold, Dengue Hemorroic Fever

(DHF), pulmonary infection, and skin

infection. Objectives : The aims of this study

are to understand the meaning of flood

disaster and the disease from the members’

experiences that always encounter the same

vulnerabilities frequently; and to know how

the members of community make response

and strategy dealing with those

vulnerabilities. Methods : this study used

ethnography’s method which datas collecting

with actors approaches, while actors were the

members of the community who life for years

on flood plain. Building rapport, observation

participants, and unstructured interviews with

historically records were used to gain datas

about experiences and responses from

members of community, who live in flood

plain dealing with flood disaster and disease

which came aftermath frequently. Results :

The result shows that flood disaster has been

seen as normal occurrence, and so as with

diseases aftermath. When flood disaster come

frequently, members of community have

many strategies faced the disease aftermath.

One of the strategy was using the herbal

medicine to medicate their vulnerable

disease. Herbal medicine plants were

available free on 16.2 ha Karet Bivak cemetery

area which were still on the same area where

the community lived. There were nine items

plants which were used by the members of

community for medication the diseases

tradisionally, like Jarak (Ricinus communis),

Saga (Adenanthera pavonina), Sente (Alocasia

macrorrhiza), Kamboja (Plumeria), Sigsag

(Euphorbia tithymaloides), Dadap (Erythrina

variegata), Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus), Jambu

biji ((Psidium guajava), and Lidah buaya (Aloe

vera). Conclusions : utilization of plants on the

Karet Bivak cemetery area for herbal medicine

to medicate the disease aftermath

tradisionally, was the one of the strategies of

coping mechanism by members of community

to deal with vulnerability that the culture

adjust to disaster which deal as normal

occurence. Keywords : Flood disaster,

diseases aftermath, response and strategy,

herbal medicine, Karet Bivak cemetery

ID: 135

72. THE POTENTIAL HOST OF FASCIOLOPSIS

BUSKI IN KALUMPANG DALAM VILLAGE,

BABIRIK SUBDISTRICT, HULU SUNGAI

UTARA REGENCY, PROVINCE OF SOUTH

KALIMANTAN

Annida Hasan, Annida, Lukman Waris

Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan P2B2

Tanah Bumbu

Backgrounds: In Indonesia, fasciolopsiasis has

been found since 1982 in Sei Papuyu Village,

Babirik Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU)

Regency, South Kalimantan Province with 27%

of infection rate. Results of a survey

conducted in 1991-2007 at 20 endemic

villages showed a high prevalence of trend at



Kalumpang Dalam Village, prevalence rates

have never showed on 0% (0.2-15.2%).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to

identify the potential host in fasciolopsiasis at

Kalumpang Dalam Village. Methods: This

study used cross sectional design with

purposive sampling. Freshwater snail survey

to identify the cercariae by the crushing

method, and aquatic plants survey to identify

the metacercariae by the sedimentation

method, whereas stool survey of the fowl to

identify the eggs of Fasciolopsis buski were

examined by the formalin-ether and

technique. Result: Redia and cercariae found

in the snail of Indoplanorbis and Lymnea,

were potentially as the first intermediate host

of F. buski. The trematodes eggs are similar to

F. buski eggs was found in the stool samples

of Alabio ducks (Anas platyrinchos borneo)

and chicken (Gallus domesticus), but with a

smaller size, which is between 93-100Î¼m x

58-70Î¼m in the feces of alabio ducks, and

between 90-140Î¼m x 60-85Î¼m in the feces

of chicken. Metacercariae was not been found

in the aquatic plants. Conclusions: The snail of

Indoplanorbis dan Lymnea were potentially as

the intermediate host of F. buski or the other

trematodes, and Alabio ducks (Anas

platyrinchos borneo) and chicken (Gallus

domesticus) were potentially as the reservoir

host of F. buski. Key Words: fasciolopsiasis,

Fasciolopsis buski, Indoplanorbis, Lymnea,

Anas Plathyrinchos borneo, Gallus

domesticus, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency.

ID: 136

73. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALARIA IN AN

INLAND AREA OF KALIMANTAN

(KEKAYAP VILLAGE, SEBUKU DISTRICT,

NUNUKAN REGENCY, PROVINCE OF EAST

KALIMANTAN

Lukman Waris, Liestiana Indriyati


Tanah Bumbu

Background : In 2007, AMI of Nunukan

22.85/1,000 population, prevalence of Sebuku

44.50 classified as HIA. In 2008, 2009 and

2010 the morbidity of malaria in Sebuku

decreased significantly until the year 2010

there are only 1 case of malaria in Sebuku.

Related with the decrease of malaria cases,

the reporting crosscheck of malaria is needed

in Sebuku. Methods: The study is a

prospective study carried out by cross-

sectional conducted in the Village Kekayap

Sebuku. Observed variables are host, agent,

environment and health care policies. The

population was all residents in Sebuku,

samples are people residing in the village

selected as research samples. Activities are

parasitology, entomology, KAP survey,

environmental survey and depth interview of

policy makers at the district level. Results: The

results of the research SPR 7.14% consisting of

falciparum and vivax, mosquito An. maculatus

as the highest density. The knowledge and

attitudes people against malaria has been

good enough but there are some behaviors

that are still supporting malaria transmission

such as habits to go out at night. The

government focus on malaria because malaria

is a serious problem in Nunukan currently

handled by a global fund. At this time there

are only 2 laboratory analysts in Nunukan.

Target to reduce malaria is 5/1000

population. Conclusion: Transmission of

malaria in the Village Kekayap Sebuku caused

by the opening of new land and the


construction of houses with holes making it

easier for mosquitoes to enter into the house

with the suspected mosquito An. maculatus as

a vector-borne diseases. Keywords : malaria,

vector, epidemiology

ID: 137

74. FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN MALARIA DI

KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU PROPINSI

KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Nita Rahayu


Tanah Bumbu

Faktor risiko kejadian malaria di Kabupaten

Tanah Bumbu Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan

THE RISK FACTOR OF MALARIA IN TANAH

BUMBU REGENCY, PROVINCE OF SOUTH

KALIMANTAN Abstract Background: Malaria is

one of the major diseases that threaten public

health, the number of acute cases worldwide

more than 300 million people and causing the

death of more than one million lives each

year. This study to determine risk factors for

the incidence of malaria in endemic areas of

South Kalimantan province District 6

Methods: cross-sectional design. Population

and study sample inclusion criteria and

exclusion criteria, are willing to have blood

drawn and interviewed. Results: 112 samples

Mentawakan Mulia city, 42 samples (41%)

positive malaria, falciparum malaria 6

samples, 36 samples of vivax malaria. The

results of bivariate tests: age, gender,

education, occupation, risk factors for malaria

(working in the garden at night, use of bed

nets), environmental factors (the distance to

health facilities, travel time to health facilities,

cattle pens inside or outside home, the

distance a house close to the breeding place).

Multivariate analysis there are 6 variables:

gender, education, risk factors for malaria

(working in the garden at night, use of bed

nets), environmental factors (the distance to

health facilities, the distance a house near the

cattle pens inside or outside the home).

Conclusion: Risk factors that were most

responsible is the habit of working in the

garden at night p = 0.000, CI95% = 2.270 to

6.445. Working in the garden at night

increases the risk of malaria in 80.3%

compared to respondents who did not work in

the garden, will be protected 19.7% were not

exposed to malaria. Advice: Counseling to

prevent and combat malaria: use mosquito

nets, use mosquito coil, does not work in the

garden at night, installing mosquito netting,

cattle sheds away with the house. Key words:

risk factors, the environment, the incidence of

malaria

ID: 142

75. UTILIZATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES IN

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL

HEALTH INSURANCE IN TARAKAN CITY,

EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Tri Astuti Sugiyatmi

City Health Office, Tarakan City, East

Kalimantan /Center for Health Financing

Policy and Insurance Management,

Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada

University

Background: In a health care system that

services should be done with tiered referral

system. In the situations of barrier of funding

reduced or none at all, the utilization of

health care centers and hospitals tend to

increase. Objective: To see clinic utilization

before and after the implementation of local

health insurance in the city of Tarakan

Methods: This study used the case study

method, the study subjects were documents

of district health office Results: There is a

significant increase in the utilization of health

facilities, especially in the public health center

after the implementation of local health

insurance program. The implementation of


transmission. Funding, reagent, facility, ARV,

and training need to be prearranged more

and monitored so the availability is assure.

Conclusion: The felt and normative needs

show that leaders, health worker, VCT clinic

and HIV-AIDS program should be prepared

further and closer to the risk population in

order to decrease the stigma and to increase

participation. Keywords: HIV and AIDS, need

assessment, Voluntary Counseling and Test,

Ende District

ID: 146

77. STRATEGY OF SISTEM INFORMASI DAN

KOMUNIKASI• (SISFOKOM) UNIVERSAL

COVERAGE OF HEALTH SERVICES TO

SUPPORT THE HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM

AND IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL

HEALTH COVERAGE CONCERNING

EQUITY AND QUALITY

Zahrina Laborahima, Zahrina

University of Indonesia

Backgrounds Health is the primary

requirement and should be the responsibility

of the state to people, but this time the

population of Indonesia who have health

insurance simply reserve the 151.5 million or

63.5 percent. Through the Law Commission.

40 of 2004 on National Social Security System

(Navigation). Indonesian people get health

insurance without exception, then backed up

with the enactment of Law No. 24 Year 2011

regarding BPJS which start to be implemented

from January 2014. Objectives To improve the

health state of Indonesia people. Health

insurance is absolutely necessary, as the right

of all citizens to have health care and the

guarantee in the form of health insurance.

The universal health insurance that will be

applied have to consider the matters related

the roles and responsibilities of all part

completely, human resources, and Health

Insurance Professionals good governance.

Moreover, the ignorance of the people

against the government policy be one of the

issues that must be considered. Many people

that did not know about the Universal Health

Coverage. So strategy of communication and

information system is necessary for policies

that have made. It able to be implemented,

appropriate and sustainable. Methods With

the observation and review of the literature.

This Papper will explain the strategy to make

the strong and accountable system of

socialization to promote and give information

about universal health coverage. SISFOKOM

will involve all stakeholders include RT/RW

and have the program œSaya tahu Jamkesta•.

Results The expected result from the sisfokom

strategy is to refine the effective and efficient

methods of jamkesmas. Indonesia people

from various background have to know about

the universal health coverage, the system, the

fee of contribution and the facilities that will

be accepted. In order to there are no social

problem that will happen in next time.

Conclusions The strategy to inform the

governmet policy or program is important.

Public have to understand what the health

service that become their rights and what is

the people responsible to get it. Involving

components of the society from the simplest

level have to do to solve the issue of

bureaucracy. The media of information also

must be suitable with the output and

outcome which is expected. Keywords :

Universal Health Coverage; Strategy;

Sisfokom; Health



ID: 148

78. MATERNAL MORTALITY IN INDONESIA:

FOLLOW UP STUDY OF PREGNANCY

RELATED DEATH OF THE INDONESIA

2010 CENSUS POPULATION

Tin Afifah, Teti Tejayanti, Yuslely Usman,

Felly Senewe, Putisari, Oster Suriani,

Lamria Pangaribuan, Thoman Pardosi,

Poetrijanti



Background: MMR in Indonesia is the highest

in South Asia. It is important to find maternal

cause of death as evident based for decision

makers. This paper is the part of The

Pregnancy Related Death Follow Up Study

were derive from Indonesia 2010 Census

Population data. Objectives: finding the

underlying cause of maternal death in

Indonesia. Methods: The population of this

study is pregnancy related death cases which

is determined solely by timing of death

relative to pregnancy, childbirth and two

months after birth (8484 cases). The primary

sampling unit is the distric and the sample

unit of this study is all pregnancy related

death cases in every district. The list of all the

district with the number cases which listed

based on 5 regions (Sumatera, Java-Bali,

Kalimantan, Sulawesi and East/others) as the

sample frame. The 134 districts were selected

by Stratified Probability Proportional to Size

(PPS) technique. The total number of 4167

cases was derived 134 districts in 27

provinces. The intervewers were revisit the all

4167 cases. Data collection was conducted in

mid November until mid Desember 2011 by

using autopsy verbal instrumen. The

interviewer was selected from those who

have DIII or parmedic education background,

and have experience on health survey. The

cause of death was diagnosed by medical

doctor based on ICD 10 and follow the rule of

principles causal relathipships use The MMDS

books to finding the final of underlying cause

of death. Result: The respons rate of revisit

was 91 percent (3796 cases) which 3389 cases

was diagnosed. The result showed that 53

percent maternal death at after birth periode.

The big five underlying cause of death in

Indonesia are hypethention

disorder/eclampsia and preeclamsia (32,61%),

hemorraghage at 22 weeks gestation (25.53

percent), Others (12,20%), other infection

(9,11%) and cardiovaskuler diseases (7,47%).

Conclusion: Maternal death is various

between region. The most cause of maternal

death in Indonesia is hypertention disorder

and followed by haemorrhage. Its must

prevendable with adequate antenatal care. Its

difference pattern between region. Keyword:

maternal mortality, maternal cause of death,

pregnancy related death, population census

ID: 150

79. COMPILATION OF STUDIES FOOD

CONSUMPTION, PHYSICAL EXERCISE,

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND NUTRITIONAL

STATUS IN INDONESIA ADOLESCENCE

Tutik Wahyuni, Sri Krisnamurni

Department of Nutrition, Ministry of

Health Polytechnic Semarang, Indonesia

Backgrounds: Adolescent is an age of

transition from childhood to adulthood,

whereby physical changes and seeking self-

identity are some of its characteristics. The

interest of having ideal "body image" may

lead to insufficient food intake and problems

of adolescent health, such as bulimia or

anorexia . Other heaIth problems that often

occur are eating disorder, lack of sleep,

smoking, use of alcohol and illegal drugs.

Based on the above matters, it is necessary to

review nutrition studies that exist in

Indonesia, by looking at the current condition

of adolescent food consumption, physical


activity pattern, lifestyle, and nutrition status.

The data will be useful as baseline data to

support the design of Nutritional Guidelines

for adolescent in Indonesia. Objective: To

compile results of nutrition studies conducted

in Indonesia between 2000-2010. Methods :

Literature search was done using library visit

and internet searching. Studies with sample

â‰¥ 80 adolescents were included in the

compilation. Results : This review identified

130 studies. The percentage range of intake

compared tothe RDA wa as follows: energy

82-107%, protein 60-124%, carbohydrates 78-

92%, fat 68-115%, iron 95-99%, and vitamin- A

875%. Consumption of other nutrients and

nutrition related items that were available

included fiber, folic acid, vitamiB1, C, calcium,

zinc, iodized salt. More adolescents who live

in rural areas consumed vegetables and fruits

than their counterparts in urban areas (80%

vs.60% for vegetables and 61% vs. 45% for

fruits respectively. Adolescents who had

breakfast and consumed supplements (mostly

vitamin “C) varied in 23-94% and 5-65%.

Populer physical exercises for adolescent

were jogging (79%) and sport games (71%).

About one-third (29%) of adolescents had

healthy lifestyle, which included ten healthy

life behaviors and consuming food. From 30

studies that measured nutritional status using

Body Mass Index, 23%-88% of adolescents

were found normal, 0%-60% severe

underweight, and 0-13% obese. The

prevalence of anemia was 2-87%, while for

goiter 31-52%. Other information available

was Iodine Concentration in Urine (129 -

213Âµg/L) and Night Blindness (3.6% females;

2.5% males). Conclusions Setting populations

goals for nutrient intake and healthy lifestyle

is necessary to address unhealthy behaviors

and nutrition problems exist Key Words: food

consumption, physical exercise, healthy

lifestyle, nutritional status, adolescence,

Indonesia.

ID: 160

80. WHAT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS

BETWEEN DRINKING-WATER SUPPLY,

SANITATION AND UNIVERSAL HEALTH

CARE COVERAGE? RESULTS FROM THE

INDONESIA BASIC HEALTH RESEARCH

2010

Sri Irianti, Puguh Prasetyoputra, SE,

MHEcon, D. Anwar Musadad, SKM, M.Kes



Background: The Millennium Development

Goal (MDG) drinking-water target was met in

2010, five years ahead of schedule. However,

in 2010, 43 million Indonesians are still

without access to an improved water source,

while 110 million do not have access to

improved sanitation. Lack of access to

improved drinking-water and sanitation brings

severe health and economic consequences. In

2008, 4.3% of global deaths are attributable

to diarrhoeal diseases, which can be

prevented by improving drinking water and

sanitation. Moreover, poor sanitation and

hygiene costs Indonesia a hefty IDR 56 trillion,

equivalent to 2.3% of gross domestic product.

The per capita losses are also known to be

higher in rural areas. Universal

implementation of improved sanitation and

hygiene could lead to up to IDR 40 trillion

(USD 4.5 billion) of economic saving.

Accounting for health impacts, the economic

saving would become even higher. The

Indonesian government will implement

universal health care coverage by 2014, and

the economic saving from improved

sanitation and hygiene could be used to fund

the universal health care coverage. Both

national- and household-based interventions

have been proven to be cost-effective.

However, their applicability depends on

socioeconomic context of Indonesian

households. If we can identify the significant



factors determining access to drinking-water

and sanitation, then appropriate policies can

be implemented to modify the feasible factors

to improve access to proper water and

sanitation. Therefore, health benefits and

economic saving can be gained. OBJECTIVES:

This study aims to identify the significant

factors affecting access to improved water

and sanitation including equity. METHODS:

This study uses data from the Indonesia Basic

Health Survey in 2010 and by applying logistic

regression, access to water and sanitation will

be regressed on distance to water source,

time taken to reach the source, person in

charge of accessing the water, availability of

water all year long, controlled by geographical

locations, socioeconomic indicators proxied

by expenditure and housing characteristics.

Access to sanitation will also be regressed on

socioeconomic indicators and geographical

locations. RESULTS: Distance to water source,

time taken to reach the water source, person

in charge of accessing the water, and

availability of water significantly determine

access to drinking-water; while socioeconomic

indicators significantly determine access to

sanitation. CONCLUSION: Appropriate policies

can be implemented to modify the significant

factors determining access to improved

drinking-water and sanitation and thus

bringing health benefits and economic savings

which can be used to fund universal health

care coverage.

ID: 162

81. SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI POTENSI

ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR

GATEP (INOCARPUS FAGIFERUS

(PARKINSON) FOSB.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH

JANTAN GALUR SPRAGUE DAWLEY

Dewa Ayu Putu Rasmika Dewi, Desak

Gede Diah Dharma Santhi, Ni Putu. E.

Leliqia

Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences

Udayana University

Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap ekstrak

etanol akar Inocarpus fagiferus (Parkinson)

Fosb. yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil

kandungan kimia berdasarkan hasil skrining

fitokimia dan KLT-Densitometer serta potensi

antidiabetes yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini

dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama

dilakukan penentuan profil kandungan kimia

berdasarkan hasil skrining fitokimia dan KLT-

Densitometer. Tahap kedua dilakukan uji

potensi antidiabetes pada 6 kelompok tikus

jantan galur Sprague Dawley terdiri dari

kontrol normal, kontrol positif, kontrol negatif

dan 3 kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak


Fosb. berturut-turut sebesar 250, 500 dan

1000 mg/kgBB. Kadar glukosa darah seluruh

tikus diukur pada menit ke-0, 30, 60, 90 dan

120 kemudian data dianalisis dengan ANOVA-

one way dan LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan

95%. Hasil skrining fitokimia dan KLT-

Densitometer menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak


Fosb. mengandung golongan senyawa

triterpenoid, tanin dan flavonoid. Hasil

penentuan profil ekstrak etanol akar

Inocarpus fagiferus (Parkinson) Fosb. dengan

KLT-Densitometer menggunakan fase gerak n-

heksan-etil asetat (1:1 v/v) menunjukkan

bahwa terdapat bercak ungu Rf 0,70 (Î»maks

206 nm) yang diduga golongan triterpenoid;

pada fase gerak etil asetat-toluen (2:8 v/v)


menunjukkan bahwa bercak ungu Rf 0,48

(Î»maks 290 nm) diduga golongan tanin; pada

fase gerak toluen-etil asetat-asam formiat

(4:6:1 v/v) menunjukkan bahwa bercak hijau

kekuningan Rf 0,79 (Î»maks 287 nm) diduga

golongan flavonoid. Hasil penelitian ini

menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol akar

Inocarpus fagiferus (Parkinson) Fosb. dosis

250 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB mempunyai

potensi dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa

darah hewan coba tikus putih jantan galur

Sprague Dawley setelah pembebanan glukosa

monohidrat pada menit ke-60.

ID: 163

82. DETECTION OF NUCLEOPHOSMIN

(NPM1) GENE MUTATIONS AND ITS

ASSOCIATION WITH

IMMUNOPHENOTYPING AND

CYTOGENETICS IN ACUTE MYELOID

LEUKEMIA (AML)

Delta Fermikuri Akbar, Lyana

Setiawan,Meilani Syampurnawati

Faculty of Medicine University of

Indonesia

Mutations in nucleophosmin gene (NPM1)

exon 12 is the most frequent genetic

alteration detected in AML patients with

normal karyotype. The incidence of NPM1

mutations in adult AML approximately 25% -

35%. The A Type mutation, tetranucleotide

TCTG duplication at position 956-959, is the

most common mutations in adult AML with

normal karyotype. The existence of NPM1

mutations in AML associated with good

response to therapy. These mutations can

also be used as a marker to detect minimal

residual disease (MRD). Therefore, the

analysis of NPM1 mutations emerged as a

new step in the diagnostic or prognostic AML

patients with normal karyotype. There has

been no research on NPM1 mutations in a

population of Indonesia, so there is no data

and reports of NPM1 mutations in a

population of Indonesia. Given Indonesia is a

multi-ethnic state, it also allows the existence

of variations of a new type of NPM1

mutations. Patients suspected of AML fills

informed consent and subsequently sampled

peripheral blood and bone marrow. The

sample was then preserved, performed

immunophenotyping, cytomorphology, and

cytogenetic. Examined samples of A type

NPM1 mutations using the techniques of the

ASO-RT-PCR, a negative result followed by

seminested-ASO-RT-PCR. To find other types

of NPM1 mutations performed PCR exon 12

and subsequent direct sequencing. From this

study, we found that only type A NPM1

mutations were detected and the frequency is

23.53%. This mutations express CD34 and

HLA-DR and had an abnormal cytogenetic.

ID: 164

83. DETERMINANT OF STROKE DISEASE IN

THE KEBON KALAPA COMMUNITY OF

BOGOR(BASELINE ON COHORT STUDY OF

NON COMMUNICABLE DISESASES RISK

FACTORS, 2011)

Woro riyadina, Anna Maria Sirait, Marice

Sihombing, Ratih Oemiati, Sulistyowati

Tuminah



Stroke disease is the leading factor cause of

death and chronic disability in the age group

most over the age of 45 years in Indonesia.

The aim of this study to identify the major

determinant of stroke disease in community

in Kebon Kalapa village of Bogor. The study

was a deep analyses conducted 1912

respondents base on the subset of baseline

data œCohor study of Non Communicable

Diseases Risk Factors.• Data were collected by

questionnaire interviews on community

resident to remain in the Kebon Kalapa



village, central district of Bogor in 2012.

Stroke were diagnosed by anamnesis and

neurological examination by a neurolog.

Independent variables included

sociodemographic characteristics, health

status and risk behavior. Data were analyzed

with multiple logistic regression test. Stroke

disease was found in 49 people (2.6%). The

main determinant of stroke include

hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary

heart disease and low economic status.

Hypertension has stroke risk 4 times [odds

ratio adjustments (ORA) = 4.20, 95% CI =

2.20n to - 8.03], coronary heart disesase (CHD

has 2 times the risk [odds ratio adjustments

(ORA) = 2.74,1.51 to 4.99] Diabetes Mellitus

(DM) has nearly three times the risk [odds

ratio adjustments (ORA) = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.47

to 5.64] and low economic status of nearly 2

times the risk [odds ratio adjustments (ORA) =

1.83, 95% CI = 1.03 to 3.33] suffered a stroke

disease. Prevention stroke disesase should be

done by increasing education (campaign)

through the control of major risk factors of

hypertension and prevention of other

degenerative diseases are CHD and DM.

Keywords: determinants, risk factors, stroke,

Bogor.

ID: 168

84. CHARACTERISTICS OF BREAST CANCER

PATIENTS IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL,

DENPASAR, BALI

Putu Suariyani, Estuning Hanindyta

Mediasta, Pasek Kardiwinata, Made

Sutarga

Udayana University

Background: Currently, Indonesia is

experiencing an epidemiological transition

where there is a shift from infectious diseases

to non-infectious diseases. There is an

increase in breast cancer cases, where breast

cancer the second numerous cases among

cancer incidence in the community. Risk

factors of breast cancer is multifactorial.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to

determine the characteristics of breast cancer

patients in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali

Methods: This research was a descriptive

study with case control design in Sanglah

Hospital. The case of these research was

breast cancer patients as many as 40 people

and the control as many as 40 who were by

simple random. Results: In this study, the

distribution of age groups in the cases group

was the age group 40-49 years as many as 15

people (37.5%). While most age groups in the

control group aged 30-39 years were 19

people (47.5%). There is a significant

difference between the level of education of

the case group and the control sample (p-

value = 0.025). education level which were

high school graduate / equivalent in cases

group and control group, respectively 18

people (45.0%) and 22 (55.0%). Group of case

was not working or housewives as many as 14

people (32.5%). Whereas in most of the

control that works as a civil servant 11 people

(27.5%). There were significant differences

between case groups work and control group

Conclusion: Therefore, the health department

needs to pay attention to the community

targeted group, especially its characteristics

which will be the target in breast cancer

prevention program.


ID: 172

85. ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE

PANDEMIC H1N1PDM09 PATIENTS IN

INDONESIA IN 2009

Ni Ketut Susilarini, N.K Susilarini, Vivi

Setiawaty, Mursinah, Herna Hariandja,

Nur Ika Hariastuti, Krisna Nur A.P


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Background Until December 2009, in

Indonesia, 1892 suspected cases of H1N1

were reported and the laboratory

examination was conducted at the Center for

Biomedical and Basic Health Technology,

NIHRD. 890 positive cases were confirmed

Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and 12 deaths

(Unpublished data). Influenza is a disease

caused by influenza viruses that normally

infect the human respiratory system that

often require hospitalization until death.

Antigenic characterization of influenza should

be identified from virus isolates which are

obtained from clinical specimens is an

essential part of influenza surveillance in the

whole world. This study will conduct the

antigenic characterization of influenza virus

isolates from cases Influenza A/H1N1pdm09

in 2009 in Indonesia which have not been

elucidated. Methods Positive clinical

specimens Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 by RT-

PCR from archive samples were cultured using

MDCK cell. Firstly, grown culture was

confirmed by using Hemagglutinasi (HA) test.

Afterward, it will be characterized using

Hemagglutinasi inhibition (HI) methods with

reference antisera A/California/07/2009

(H1N1) pdm and A / Influenza / Brisbane /

H1N1pdm. Results There are 205 specimens

that met inclusion criteria for virus cultured.

All isolates that can be grown were detected

by using Hemagglutinasi (HA) test. Total 68

specimens or 33.2% out of 205 specimens

were successfully grown and 3 specimens

(1.46%) who eventually were excluded

because of contamination. Of the 68 positive

isolates of influenza followed by

Hemagglutinasi Inhibition (HI) examination to

identify antigenic characterization using two

reference antisera ; A/California/07/2009

(H1N1) and A/Influenza/Brisbane/H1N1pdm.

All isolates (100%) showed antibodies to the

antigen binding antisera A/California/07/2009

(H1N1) pdm. Conclusion Regarding to the

result, definitely, all H1N1pdm09 human cases

which were circulating in Indonesia in 2009

had an A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) pdm

type. Keyword : H1N1pdm09,Indonesia, 2009

ID: 174

86. PREVENTION MODEL OF MALARIA

INCIDENCE IN AMBON

Richard Nahumury, Chatarina U.Wahyuni,

Lucia Y. Hendrati

BTKL & PP Ambon

Ambon is one of the 11 districts / city in the

province of Maluku to the number of cases of

malaria is high. Annual Parasite Incidence

(API) of Ambon in 2011 was 4.7 per 1000

population. Of the 50 villages in Ambon 32%

of them are in areas with a high case

incidence stratification. The purpose of this

study is to formulate a model of the incidence

of malaria prevention in Ambon. The study

was observational, using case-control design,

which was done to measure the risk of the

independent variables include the

environment in the home, outside the home

environment, socio-cultural, health care and

the dependent variable was the incidence of

malaria. Groups of cases are individuals who

tested positive for malaria by microscopic

examination, while control is the individual

who expressed negative microscopic malaria

with laboratory test centers. The results

showed that the risk factors for not suffering

from malaria is the use of wire netting (OR =



2.538, 95% CI = 1.214 to 5.306), the presence

of the ceiling (OR = 2.854, 95% CI = 1.461 to

5.574), the presence of larvae (OR = 3.248,

95% CI = 1.280 to 8.240), use of bed nets (OR

= 2.667, 95% CI = 1.315 to 5.409), and using

insect repellent (OR = 2.638, 95% CI = 1393 to

4.996). Dominant factor for the prevention of

malaria is the presence of Anopheles

mosquito larvae. The resulting model is the

use of wire netting, where ceiling of the

house, the presence of Anopheles mosquito

larvae the use of mosquito nets and the use of

anti-mosquito with predictive value for

malaria does not occur as much as 92%. It is

recommended for the environmental clean up

activities around especially in places where

potentially serve as a breeding place, for the

Department of Health is to maximize the

vector control program to control larvae of

Anopheles sp with a chemical (larvaciding)

and against adult mosquitoes. Keywords:

Malaria, Prevention, Risk Factors.

ID: 177

87. GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS AND

CULTURAL DETERMINANTS AND

IMPLICATIONS OF INFANT MORTALITY

IN MUNTIGUNUNG VILLAGE,

KARANGASEM REGENCY ,BALI PROVINCE

Ni Putu Widarini Widarini, I Ketut

Tangking Widarsa, Luh Putu Suariyani,

Sutiari Ketut Rina Listyowati

PS IKM FK Universitas Udayana

Background: The condition of the area in the

village of Muntigunung Tianyar Kubu Sub

District, Karangasem, Bali Province, is very

alarming. This area consists of dry hills and

have no springs. Residents live scattered in 35

groups and a total of 12 groups are located in

the upper area, in the hills that are hard to

reach. The village has the largest number of

poor households in Karangasem regency and

is known as a contributor of Bali's biggest

beggar and the highest infant mortality rate in

Karangasem. Objective:This study aims to

identify the determinants of geographical and

cultural and the implications for infant

mortality in the village Muntigunung.

Methods: The study design was a descriptive-

explorative in the form of case studies. The

case are families that came from the top and

bottom of the hills who have experienced the

death of a baby one or more times in the last

5 years. Data collection uses qualitative

approach through observation and in-depth

interviews. Transcripts were analyzed by

descriptive-qualitative content according to

the purpose. Results: Geographical factors

influence infant mortality rate in the region.

Geographical factors seen from the ratio of

officers and health care to population and

transportation allows people to access health

services. Result of this research note that the

ratio of health workers to population in

Muntigunung is 1 / 5319. The road in

Muntigunung does not reach all the groups

and existing transit systems are also

inadequate. This will affect access to health

services at the health centers. Access

difficulties affect the quality of maternal care,

clean delivery and newborn care in

Muntigunung. Cultural factors also affect the

existence of the belief that childbirth is a

normal delivery at home, mostly labor helped

her husband and other family members and

the umbilical cord is cut with "ngad

"(sharpened bamboo) without sterilization.

This issue also contribute to high infant

mortality rate in Muntigunung Conclusions:

The condition of geographical and cultural

determinants associated with lower access to

health care is a serious issue that has

implications for the survival of poor children

as the next generation. To improve a

comprehensive and collaborative child health

status, efforts are needed in the population to

increase the access to quality services with

the improvement of the transport system so


that people's access to better health care and

equitable. Other efforts include Pustu

revitalization in Muntigunung, posyandu in its

infrastructure, personnel and programs.

Keywords: Determinants, geographical,

cultural, Infant Mortality

ID: 182

88. SOCIAL HEALTH FINANCING AND

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT ON

MATERNAL DEATHS IN INDONESIA:

USING THE FOLLOW UP STUDY OF

INDONESIA 2010 POPULATION CENSUS

DATA

Anissa Rizkianti, Tin Afifah, Rika

Rachmalina, Prisca P. Arfines



Backgrounds: One of the health development

goals is to improve the optimal level of public

health, where Maternal Mortality Ratio

(MMR) is the important indicator. MMR in

Indonesia is the highest in Southeast Asia.

Low accessibility of maternal health care is

related to high cost and low community

participation that contributes to the high of

MMR. A follow-up study of Indonesia 2010

Population Census which had been

implemented by National Institute of Health

Research and Development provided some

information of social health financing and

community empowerment on maternal

deaths, and this article is part of the report.

Objectives: To obtain an overview of health

financing and community empowerment on

maternal deaths Methods: Follow-up study of

Indonesia 2010 Population Census is a non-

interventional study with a cross-sectional

design. Population is all reported deaths

occurred during pregnancy for up to 2 months

after birth (1 January 2009 until data

collection) as 8464 cases, with a sample of

4167 cases based on 134 districts/cities

selected. Samples were obtained by PPS

stratified probability sampling technique.

2572 samples were met the inclusion criteria

of death up to 42 days after birth. Data

collection was used verbal autopsy

instruments and interviews were done by BPS

enumerators during November-December

2011. Variables of the study were included

demographic characteristics (age, rural/urban,

educational background, and employment),

the community status (availability of

emergency response vehicle œAmbulans

Desa• and village alert system œDesa Siaga•),

and also social health financing (ownership

and utilization of health insurance). Results:

The study result shows that 43% cases had

social health insurance, while 60,5% of them

used Jamkesmas, 8,9% used SKTM, and 5,8%

used Jamkesda. Although there were only

70% who utilized the insurances. Meanwhile,

only 19% cases lived on the district with

village alert system œDesa Siaga• and 8,8%

cases with emergency response vehicle

œAmbulans Desa•. Conclusions: The

utilization of social health insurance on

maternal death cases is still relatively low. It is

also occurred to the level of community

empowerment of some emergency cases

related to maternal death that remains low.

Keyword: maternal death, social health

financing, community empowerment.



ID: 183

89. CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR AMONG

MATERNAL DEATH CASES IN INDONESIA:

FOLLOW UP STUDY OF PREGNANCY

RELATED DEATH OF THE INDONESIA

2010 POPULATION CENSUS

Ika Saptarini, Tin Afifah, Novianti, Anissa

Rizkianti



Background: Every pregnant woman exposed

to the risk of maternal death. Maternal

Mortality Ratio in Indonesia is the highest in

Southeast Asia. The under existing socio-

economic conditions, inadequate of health

facilities and care seeking behavior are the

potential risks of pregnancy related death.

This paper is the part of report the Follow up

Study of pregnancy related death from

Indonesia 2010 Population Census.

Objectives: To describe the care seeking

behavior among maternal death Methods:

Population is pregnancy related deaths in

Indonesia (8484 cases). All cases in every

district were defined as a unit sample. All

districts and the number of cases were listed

as sample frame and referred to 5 regions

(Sumatera, Java-Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi

and East Indonesia). The sampling of districts

used Stratified Probability Proportional to Size

(PPS) technique. There were a total of 4167

cases selected at 134 districts in 27 provinces

since 1 January 2009 until census, but only

2575 cases matched to inclusion criteria of

pregnancy related death until 42 days after

birth. The samples of pregnancy related death

cases of Indonesia 2010 Population Census

were interviewed by enumerator with criteria

of D3 education, experience in health survey

or paramedic educated. Data collection used

autopsy verbal instrument during November

until December 2011. Variables are

demographic background of the cases (age,

urban/rural, educational background) and

care seeking behavior (antenatal care, birth

attendant, post natal care and emergency

care). Result: The maternal death in rural is

higher than urban. Almost 92% maternal

mortality that reported used antenatal care.

The midwife is the highest percentage as birth

attendant (42%), 27% cases still asked the

traditional birth attendant and 40% still

delivered at home. Among complication

cases, only 80% got the treatment. Some

cases faced the referral system problem. The

three most common reasons of low

affordability of health services were distant

(35%), economics problems (32%) and

transportations (26%). Conclusion: Universal

coverage for pregnancy women vary between

regions. Pregnancy women tend to visit health

facility but in some area still more likely to

traditional birth attendant and delivered at

home. Keyword: maternal mortality, care

seeking behavior, pregnancy related death,

population census

ID: 185

90. ANALISIS LANJUT RISET KESEHATAN

DASAR 2010: PENGGUNAAN

ARTEMISININ-BASED COMBINATION

THERAPY DI INDONESIA

Yenni Risniati, Emiliana Tjitra



Latar belakang : Artemisinin-Based

Combination Therapy (ACT) saat ini

merupakan pengobatan malaria pada kasus

yang hanya sudah dikonfirmasi dengan

pemeriksaan darah. Riset Kesehatan Dasar

(Riskesdas) 2010 melaporkan hanya 49% dari

responden yang positif malaria mendapatkan

ACT. Di Indonesia, Obat ACT di tiap daerah

berbeda-beda. Artesunat-amodiakuin di Jawa

mulai digunakan tahun 2004 dan di

Kalimantan-Sulawesi pada tahun 2010,


sedangkan di Papua sejak tahun 2008

menggunakan dihidrortemisinin-piperakuin.

Obat ACT sebagian besar sudah tersedia di

Puskesmas, sedangkan sarana kesehatan

lainnya terutama swasta dan praktik pribadi

mendapatkan obat ACT dari Dinas Kesehatan.

Tujuan : Menggambarkan penggunaan ACT di

Indonesia. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan

analisis lanjut dari data Riskesdas 2010. Data

diperoleh dari laboratorium data Badan

Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.

Variabel dependen dalam analisis lanjut ini

adalah ACT pada kasus malaria yang

didiagnosis oleh tenaga kesehatan dalam satu

bulan terakhir, dan sebagai variabel

independen adalah karakteristik, daerah dan

sarana kesehatan termpat responden

didiagnosis. Hasil : Dari 1632 responden yang

didiagnosis malaria dengan pemeriksaan

darah dalam 1 bulan terakhir, hanya 761

(46,6%) mendapatkan ACT. ACT pada anak

(40%) lebih sedikit dibandingkan dewasa

(49,2%) (OR 0,7, CI 95%: 0,55-0,86, p=0,001).

Terdapat 35,2% responden yang mendapat

ACT dalam 24 jam, dan 41,7% responden yang

meminum obat ACT sampai habis. Hanya 32%

responden mendapat ACT dalam 24 jam dan

meminumnya hingga habis (pengobatan

efektif). Pengobatan efektif pada anak 26,8%

dan lebih banyak pada dewasa 34,1% dengan

OR 0,7 (95% CI: 0,56-0,90, p=0,005). Terdapat

36,4% responden di kota dan hanya 29,6%

responden di desa yang mendapat

pengobatan efektif (OR=1,4, CI 95%: 1,10-

1,69, p=0,005). Penggunaan ACT tertinggi di

Jawa-Bali (70,8%), Sumatra (52,8%), Papua

(51,7%), Maluku dan sekitarnya (Maluku

Utara, NTB dan NTT) (46,8%), Kalimantan-

Sulawesi (44,9%), dan terendah di Papua

Barat (15,8%). Sarana kesehatan tempat

responden terakhir didiagnosis malaria yang

paling banyak menggunakan ACT adalah

Poskesdes (87,5%), sarana kesehatan lainnya

yang banyak adalah Puskesmas (51,6%),

Rumah Sakit Pemerintah (49,8%) dan Polindes

(51,2%). Sarana kesehatan yang sedikit

menggunakan ACT adalah Puskesmas

Pembantu (43,5%), praktik dokter (42,2%),

praktik bidan (41,1%), Rumah Sakit Swasta

(35,5%) dan Klinik/balai pengobatan (34,5%).

Kesimpulan : Penggunaan ACT di Indonesia

belum merata dan masih perlu ditingkatkan

terutama pada anak.

ID: 187

91. ANALISIS LANJUT RISET KESEHATAN

DASAR 2010:FAKTOR YANG BERPERAN

TERHADAP KEJADIAN MALARIA DI

WILAYAH INDONESIA BAGIAN TIMUR

Eni Yuwarni, Yenni Risniati, Dwi Hapsari,

Emiliana Tjitra


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Latar belakang: Kejadian malaria dipengaruhi

oleh penjamu, parasit malaria dan lingkungan.

Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2010

melaporkan angka kejadian malaria di seluruh

provinsi wilayah Indonesia bagian Timur

diatas angka nasional yaitu 22,9 permil. Pada

Riskesdas 2010 tersedia data karakteristik

penderita malaria dan data lingkungan tempat

tinggal yang terbatas. Analisis lebih lanjut data

yang tersedia tersebut dengan kejadian

malaria di Indonesia bagian Timur menarik

dilakukan. Tujuan: Menilai hubungan kejadian

malaria dengan faktor karakteristik penduduk

dan lingkungan fisik . Metode: Penelitian ini

merupakan analisis lanjut dari data wilayah

Indonesia bagian Timur yang dikumpulkan

pada Riskesdas 2010. Variabel dependen

adalah kejadian malaria dalam satu tahun

terakhir yang didiagnosis oleh tenaga

kesehatan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan

darah, dan sebagai variabel independen

adalah karakteristik individu dan lingkungan

fisik. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji regresi

logistik ganda untuk menentukan faktor yang

berperan terhadap kejadian malaria. Hasil:



Dari 23.451 responden di wilayah Indonesia

bagian Timur, sebanyak 11,7% (95% CI:10,6-

12,8) mengalami kejadian malaria. Responden

yang tinggal di Papua mengalami kejadian

malaria 4,2 (95% CI: 3,5-5.1, p=0,000) kali

lebih tinggi dibandingkan responden yang

tinggal diluar Papua, sedangkan responden

laki-laki mengalami kejadian malaria 1,2 (95%

CI: 1,1-1,4), p=0,000) kali responden

perempuan, dan responden yang tinggal

dekat pemeliharaan hewan besar mempunyai

risiko 1,9 (95% CI: 1,5-2,4, p=0,000) kali

dibandingkan dengan yang tidak tinggal di

disekitar tempat pemeliharaan hewan besar.

Kesimpulan: Masyarakat di Papua, laki-laki

dan tinggal di dekat tempat pemeliharaan

hewan besar adalah kelompok berisiko

terhadap kejadian malaria di Indonesia bagian

Timur.

ID: 192

92. DOSIS TUNGGAL ARTEMISININ-

NAFTOKUIN DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN

DIHIDROARTEMISININ-PIPERAKUIN

PADA SUBYEK DEWASA TERINFEKSI

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TANPA

KOMPLIKASI DI INDONESIA

Hadjar Siswantoro, Armedy Ronny

Hasugian, Telly Purnamasari, Sri Laning,

Lidwina Yanuar, Tersila Dedang, Emiliana

Tjitra



LATAR BELAKANG: Saat ini progam

menggunakan kombinasi dihidroartemisinin-

piperakuin (DHP) sebagai obat lini pertama

untuk malaria falsiparum tanpa komplikasi.

Telah dilaporkan terjadinya penurunan efikasi

ACT yang dapat diakibatkan karena dosis obat

tidak diminum sesuai petunjuk dokter.

Kombinasi artemisinin-napthokuin (ANT)

merupakan obat ACT baru dengan dosis sekali

minum yang dapat memperbaiki kepatuhan

minum obat. TUJUAN: Membuktikan

keamanan dan efektifitas ANT dosis tunggal

sama dengan DHP pada pengobatan subyek

dewasa terinfeksi P. falciparum tanpa

komplikasi. METODE: Penelitian ini

merupakan bagian dari studi invivo: œa phase

III, randomized, open label, to assess the

efficacy and safety of orally administered

fixed single dose artemisinin plus

naphthoquine (Arcoâ„¢) in comparison with

dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine (Duo-

Cotecxinâ„¢), 1:1 (Arcoâ„¢:Duo-Cotecxinâ„¢)

in adult patients affected by acute,

uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum,

Plasmodium vivax malaria and other malaria:

A Multi-centre study in Indonesia•. Uji klinik

dilakukan sesuai protokol WHO 2003. Subyek

penelitian diobservasi selama 42 hari, dan

analisis efikasi dilakukan dengan

menggunakan survival curve program SPSS 17

pada sampel intention to treat (ITT) dan

menurut protokol (PP). Keamanan dinilai

secara klinis. HASIL: Sebanyak 153 subyek

direkruit pada penelitian ini. Efikasi terapeutik

ANT pada hari ke 42 per populasi ITT dan PP

adalah 96.2% (95% CI: 94.1-99.5%) dan 100%

(95% CI: 96.8-100%), dan pada DHP adalah

89.2 % (95% CI:87.1-92.5) dan 97.1% (95%

CI:95.0-99.4). Rerata bebas parasit dan bebas

demam dengan ANT adalah 22.2+10.8 jam

dan 12.8 + 7.2 jam, dan 20.7+9.0 jam dan 12.3

+ 6.2 jam dengan DHP. Perbaikan kadar

hemoglobin terjadi pada hari ke 28 setelah

pengobatan ANT dan DHP. Kejadian

sampingan yang dilaporkan dengan ANT

adalah batuk sebanyak 2.5% dan 1.4% dengan

DHP. KESIMPULAN: Artemisinin-naftokuin

menunjukkan efikasi dan keamanan yang

sama dengan dihidroartemisinin-piperakuin

pada pengobatan subyek dewasa dengan

malaria falsiparum tanpa komplikasi. Kata

kunci: dihidroartemisinin-piperakuin,

artemisinin-napthokuin, Plasmodium

falciparum, Indonesia.


ID: 195

93. EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION IN

INDONESIA FOR 21 YEARS AND HEALTH

CARE IMPLICATION ACCORDING TO

HOUSEHOLD HEALTH SURVEY,

NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY, BASELINE

HEALTH RESEARCH (1986-2007)

Sarimawar Djaja



The result of cause of death from several

national health surveys could provide an

analysis of the epidemiological transition in

Indonesia as well as health care efforts to

improve public health. Material taken from

the Household Health Survey (HHS) 1986,

1992, 1995, National Heath Survey

(NHS/Surkesnas) 2001, Baseline Health

Research (BHR/Riskesdas) 2007 using cross-

sectional method for the death over a period

of one year before the survey in selected

households. The sample of the 1986 HHS

comes from 7 provinces covering 56,900

households (HH) based on stratified random

sampling technique. Household Health Survey

sample in 1992, 1995, 2001, 2007 using a

Susenas Core sample and or module that

include 65.664 HH, 206.240 HH,211.168 HH,

258.366 HH. Susenas samples taken with a

Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Cause

of death data was collected by quesioner

using verbal autopsy technique and was

classified based on ICD 9 and 10. Ongoing

epidemiological transition period continues in

Indonesia and unfinished, this Epidemiological

Transition has started earlier in Java and Bali,

more powerful, and run faster than in regions

outer Java and Bali. Reduction burden of

disease is focused on communicable disease

(infectious, maternal-perinatal, nutritional

deficiencies) and non-communicable disease.

Non-communicable diseases to be prevented

and treated properly is endocrine disease,

diseases of the circulatory system (heart and

blood vessels including stroke), and neoplasm.

In Java Bali region, the burden to overcome

non communicable disease is greater than the

burden to overcome communicable disease.

In outer Java Bali region, the burden to handle

communicable disease including maternal

disease and perinatal disorder is greater than

in Java Bali region. The Government

responsible for realising equitable health care

for all citizens, improving the quality of health

care resources and arrangement performance

of duty are evenly distributed throughout

Indonesia. Key words: epidemiologic

transition, diseases, region

ID: 197

94. PROFILAKSIS PRIMER TUBERKULOSIS

PADA ANAK DI PUSKESMAS KOTA

BEKASI

Retna Mustika Indah, Armaji Kamaludi

Syarif



Latar Belakang : Tuberkulosis pada anak dapat

menyebabkan penurunan kualitas generasi.

Imunisasi dasar BCG tidak menjamin

kekebalan anak terhadap penyakit

tuberkulosis. Pemberian INH profilaksis

merupakan salah satu cara untuk mencegah

penularan. Pedoman Nasional Pengendalian

Tuberkulosis mencantumkan pemberian

profilaksis pada anak, terutama balita yang

kontak erat dengan penderita tuberkulosis

dewasa. Dalam rangka mendukung

penurunanan angka kesakitan tuberkulosis

pada anak, perlu diketahui gambaran

pelaksanaan kegiatan profilaksis primer

tuberkulosis pada anak di kota yang padat

penduduknya. Tujuan : Menggambarkan

fasilitas dan pelaksanaan kegiatan profilaksis

primer tuberkulosis pada anak di Puskesmas

Kota Bekasi. Metode : Penelitian ini berupa



survei di 31 Puskesmas kota Bekasi. Survei

dilakukan terhadap petugas pemegang

program tuberkulosis dengan wawancara dan

menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data

dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam

persen. Hasil : Seluruh Puskesmas tidak

mempunyai fasilitas pemeriksaan rontgen

thorax. Empat (12,5%) Puskesmas dapat

melakukan pemeriksaan tuberkulin, dan 27

(87,5%) Puskesmas lainnya merujuk ke Rumah

Sakit atau Puskesmas lainnya. Sediaan INH

untuk dewasa tersedia di 12 (38,8%)

Puskesmas. Semua Puskesmas mempunyai

buku Pedoman Nasional Penanggulangan

Tuberkulosis. Sebanyak 20 (64,5%) Puskesmas

mempunyai 1 petugas yang telah dilatih

program direct observe treatments (DOTs), 9

(29%) Puskesmas memiliki 2 petugas yang

telah dilatih DOTs, dan 2 (6,5%) Puskesmas

mempunyai 3 petugas yang telah ikut

pelatihan DOTs. Rata-rata masa kerja di

Puskesmas selama 8.5 tahun. Hanya 2 (6,5%)

petugas pemegang program TB menjawab

seluruh 11 pertanyaan mengenai skoring

tuberkulosis dan profilaksis dengan benar.

Dari 13 (41,9%) Puskesmas yang telah

melakukan skoring pada tuberkulosis anak

sebagai dasar untuk pengobatan atau

pemberian profilaksis, hanya 3 (9,7%)

Puskesmas yang melakukan profilaksis primer

pada anak yang kontak erat sejak tahun 2011.

Puskesmas dengan kasus BTA positif

terbanyak belum melaksanakan kegitan

profilaksis. Demikian pula, Puskesmas dengan

kasus anak terbanyak juga belum

melaksanakan pemberian profilaksis.

Kesimpulan : Profilaksis primer tuberkulosis

pada anak belum dilaksanakan rutin.

Sosialisasi, pelatihan secara berkala kepada

petugas, dan peningkatan fasilitas Puskesmas

diperlukan untuk menunjang pemberian

profilaksis. Kata kunci: tuberkulosis, anak,

profilaksis, primer, Bekasi

ID: 202

95. MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF

PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI FROM SOUTH

KALIMANTAN

Rita Marleta Dewi, Rita Kusriastuti, Retno

Triastuti, Sarwo Handayani, Endah Aryani,

Ryanti Ekowatiningsih, Budi Prasetyrini,

Basundari Sri Utami, Sahat Ompusunggu,

Sekar Tuti, and Balbir Singh


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

ABSTRACT Plasmodium knowlesi is the fifth

human Plasmodium which previously infected

macaques. Microscopically, this Plasmodium

was doubtly identified as P falciparum or P

malariae, since in the young stage the

morphology is look like P falciparum and its

similar to P malariae in mature stage.

Therefore, a confirmation diagnoses using

molecular techniques is required to obtain

definitive result. Samples are blood spot of

malaria patients collected from an exploration

study of P knowlesi in several sites in

Kalimantan. The DNA was extracted using

commercial column method. A Nested PCR

method was applied using primers of rPLU1-

rPLU5 for the first round PCR, and rPLU3

“rPLU4 for a nested PCR to identify the

Plasmodium genus. When the result is

positive, another nested PCR using primer of

Kn1f and Kn3r is run to identity P knowlesi

from the first PCR product. Nucleotide

sequence analysis was conducted to confirm

the result. The result shows that there was

one sample identified as P knowlesi, the size

of the band is 290 bp. Sequence analysis from

the PCR product showed that the sequence is

100 % identical with ss ribosomal RNA P

knowlesi gene previously submitted to

GenBank. Key words: Plasmodium knowlesi,

identification, molecular


ID: 203

96. CONFIRMATION OF PLASMODIUM

FALCIPARUM TREATMENT FAILURE

CASES BY PCR GENOTYPING

Ervi Salwati, Emiliana Tjitra


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

This study was a part of the activity in clinical

trial artemisinin-naphthoquine (AN) in

comparison with dihydroartemisinin-

piperaquine (DHP) in Maumere and Jayapura.

Treatment failure in clinical trial, may be

caused by P. falciparum resistant to

antimalarial drug or new infection. PCR

genotyping with three markers, merozoite

surface protein 1 (MSP1), merozoite surface

protein 2 (MSP2) and the glutamate-rich

protein (GLURP) has been recommended by

WHO to distinguish between parasite

resistant and new infection. In this study,

Plasmodium falciparum infections on failure

cases were genotyped for allelic variation in

the 3 markers, before (D0) and after

antimalarial drug treatment (DF). The

genotypes at D0 were compared by DF to

confirm 13 of 19 P.falciparum treatment

failure cases whether resistant or new

infection. PCR amplifications completely

successful 100% for MSP1 (D0 &DF), MSP2

(DF) and GLURP (D0) and the lowest (76,9% )

for GLURP (DF) and 69,2% (9 0f 13) when all 3

genes were combined. Interestingly, 3 of 4

(75%) samples with no amplification (mean

asexual parasite 4049 /ul), were found for

GLURP locus with day failure in the same day

(D35) and also shown there were gametocyts

at D0. Identification allele for each locus

genes shown that MSP1 had alleles lower (13

alleles) than others because MSP1 locus just

had one allele (D0 and DF). Conversely, for

MSP2 and GLURP, there were some additional

alleles either at D0 and DF. By comparing the

pattern of genotype P.falciparum at D0 and

DF each locus genes, the confirmation of

P.falciparum resistant from new infection

could be determined Outcome resistance and

new infection were interpreted based on the

WHO guidance. We found that the proportion

of recrudescence and new infection almost

the same (54% and 46%, respectively).

Recrudescence occurred within 17 days after

treatment and new infection occurred >28

days after treatment. Key words:

P.falciparum, PCR, MSP1, MSP2, GLURP, allele

_____________ 1 National Institute of Health

Research and Development, Ministry of

Health, Jakarta, Indonesia

ID: 204

97. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYPERTENSION

QUARTET• FOR PRIMARY AND

SECONDARY STUDENT TO PREVENT

HYPERTENSION CASES IN DISTRICT

REMPOA, 2012"

Nadia Tahsinia, Badra Al- Aufa

Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan,

UIN Jakarta

Background: Hypertension is a major risk

factor for cardiovascular diseases. Based on

the results of field studies found on 2011, the

biggest health problems in the Rempoa Village

is hypertension. In January - October 2011,

there are more than 1.140 prevalence of

hypertension. Most people with hypertension

in Rempoa is elderly. Then, based on depth

interview there are many risk factors that

affect the cases of hypertension in the elderly,

include stress, lack of rest, lifestyle, and diet

high in sodium. Prevention of hypertension

should be done early. Primary prevention can

be aimed to children and adolescents, so it

can be expected to break the chains of

hypertension. Left from thes thought,

researchers developed an interactive game

called œHypertension Quartet•. This game

can do by 3-4 people and assisted by an



instructor at the end of game will provide an

explanatory of hypertension. Methods: The

method used in this study is a qualitative

method (semi-structured interviews), by

giving a few questions before and after the

game progresses. Results: After the game, the

students know about the dangers of

hypertention, how symptomps and

prevention for it. So, they begin to avoid the

risk factors. From 10 children who play, there

are 8 students increased their knowledge.

Discussion and Conclusions: The results

showed that: Hypertention Quartet was

independently with increased hypertention

risk in School Child.

ID: 206

98. PROFIL OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSS

CONTAMINANT IN INFANT FORMULAS IN

INDONESIA IN 2011

Mariana Raini, Ani Isnawati, Nelly

Puspandari, Ondri Dwi Sampurno


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Abstract Scope of exclusive breastfeeding is

still low because parents choose to give infant

formula. In 2010, Riskesdas 2010 report

showed national exclusive breastfeeding rates

is 15,3% (Riskesdas 2010). Powdered Infant

formula are not sterile product and could be

contaminated with various bacteria including

certain pathogen such as Staphylococcus

aureus. The aim of this study was to detect

the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in

infant formula in Indonesia. The study were

conducted in the Center of National

Laboratory of Drug and Food (CNLDF) and the

National Inastitute of Health Research and

Development (NIHRD) Laboratory from

January through June 2011. Methods used to

detect and enumerate S.aureus were

conventional culture method, biochemical

examination and API staph (BAM-FDA). Eighty

eight brand name powdered infant formula

were collected from retails in Indonesia by

Provincial Office the National Agency of Drug

and Food Control (NADFC). Result showed all

of powdered infant formula (88 samples) are

not contaminated with S. aureus. All of

powdered infant formula meet the

requirements of the National Agency of Drug

and Food Control (NADFC). Key words : infant

formula, Staphylococcus aureus,

contamination

ID: 216

99. REVIEW OF CULTURE FOOD EVENTS

TABOO ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN

IN THE VILLAGE OF SUNGAI ALAT SUB

DISTRICT ASTAMBUL BANJAR 2011

Meitria Syahadatina Noor, Adi Noegroho,

Siti Nur Fitriyana

FK UNLAM

Iron nutritional anemia in pregnant women is

one public health problem in Indonesia

because the prevalence is quite high. The

main cause of anemia is iron deficiency.

Cultural food taboos is one of the causes of

anemia. The purpose of this study identifies

and analyzes the cultural factors of pregnant

women about food taboos on the incidence of

maternal anemia in the Village District

equipment River Astambul Banjar Regency in

2011. This type of research is exploratory

study using qualitative methods. The subject

of this study were 8 pregnant women with

anemia informant, the informant secondary

education that is second bottom, two

informants lower middle income and upper

secondary education two informants, two

informants upper middle income. The method

used in-depth interviews. The study found

more than half of the informants trust the

food taboos. Taboo food on abstinence by the

informants are animal groups such as eggs,

catfish and meat. Groups in abstinence fruits


like mango, kuini, kasturi, pineapple and

durian. Group vegetables in cucumber

abstinence, abstinence and other foods in ice

water and herbs. Conclusion The occurrence

of anemia in pregnant women because of the

belief that food taboos should not be

consumed, but these foods contain many

nutrients for pregnant women. Keywords:

Pregnancy, Food Taboos, Anemia

ID: 219

100. NILAI KESEPAKATAN MIKROSKOPIS

MALARIA DI BEBERAPA RUMAH SAKIT

DI JAYAPURA

Endah Ariyanti, Riyanti Ekowatiningsih


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Latar Belakang. Papua merupakan daerah

endemisitas tinggi malaria, oleh karena itu

kemampuan tenaga mikroskopis sangat

diperlukan dalam mendiagnosis malaria. Hal

ini berkaitan juga dengan kebijakan

Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT)

yang memerlukan konfirmasi diagnosis

mikroskop. Tujuan penelitian adalah menilai

ketepatan tenaga mikroskopis rumah sakit

dalam diagnosis malaria. Metode. Cek silang

pemeriksaan mikroskopis dilakukan pada 301

apusan darah malaria yang diambil pada hari

0 (sebelum pengobatan) dari subyek

penelitian uji klinik artemisin - naptokuin vs

dihidro artemisin - piperakuin di tiga rumah

sakit di Jayapura. Cek silang dilakukan oleh

mikroskopis Badan Litbangkes terhadap

ketepatan hasil bacaan mikroskop yang

dinyatakan dengan nilai kesepakatan (kappa).

Hasil. Hasil cek silang menunjukkan bahwa

kemampuan tenaga mikroskopis di ketiga

Rumah Sakit di Jayapura dalam mendeteksi

malaria baik (100%), namun masih terdapat

kesalahan dalam menentukan spesies

Plasmodium. Ketepatan menentukan spesies

P falciparum sebesar 71,15%, P vivax (85,07%)

dan infeksi campuran (53,97%). Nilai kappa

untuk penentuan spesies di ketiga RS tersebut

adalah 0,53 - 0,79. Pelatihan, penyegaran dan

supervisi mikroskopis terus diperlukan untuk

meningkatkan atau menjaga kemampuan dan

ketrampilan tenaga mikroskopis.

ID: 220

101. COMPLETE BASIC IMMUNIZATION

SERVICES IN INDONESIA

Idawati Muas



Background: The Ministry of Health

implement the DevelopmentProgram on

Immunization of children in an effort to

reduce the incidence of disease in children.

Imunization programs for disease preventable

disease by imunizations for children covered

under the program is a one ime immunization

of BCG, three DPT-HB, four times a polio

immunization and one measles immunization.

Indicators used to measure the achievement

of the immunization program is the

percentage of villages that achieve Universal

Child Immunization (UCI) is a in infant full

100% rural/urban villages in 2010 (MOH

2005). Indonesia has complete basic

immunization coverage rates are already

quite good, but some areas are still

low(Riskesdas 2007). Objective: Objective of

the analysis is to describe a complete basic

immunization in Indonesia 2010. Methods

/Description : Cross Sectional Study with

interviewsnusing a questionare covering all

provinces in Indonesia to the group of mother

who had children aged 12-23 month. Results /

Outcomes: The percentage of the children

aged 12-23 month sare fully immunized

according to a province in 2010 amounted

to53.8% and incomplete at 33.5%, the lowest

found in Papua (28.2%) and highest in DI

Yogyakarta (91.1%). Found 12.7% of children



12-23 months who have not been immunized,

with the highest found in Papua (35.3%) and

lowest in DI Yogyakata (0.0%). Meanwhile,

according to the characteristic tendency of

the higher level of education and economic

status, the higher the full immunization

coverage. Differences in full immunization

coverage of children age 12-23 months

according to the education of family heads

who are not heads of households with school

and college education is 30,5%. Differences in

full immunization coverage among children

aged 12-23 months of low economic status

(quintile-1) and highest (quintile-5) 21.6%.

The percentage of complete immunization in

urban areas is higher (59.1%) than in rural

(48.3%) and there are still 17.7% of children

12-23 months in rural areas who are not

immunized at all. Many studies show that fully

immunized in the implementation of such

factors influenced a lot of education,

economic level and location of residence

Conclusions / lessons learned: Services have

not been fully immunized according to the

proper, seen from the coverage of 53.8% of

that in programed 100%. It is hoped the public

would know the importance of immunization

to carry out a complete basic immunization.

And relevant agencies to carry out programs

for the achievement of targets are fully

immunized. Keyword : basic immunization

ID: 225

102. KEBIASAAN IBU MENIMBANG BALITA

DI POSYANDU DI PUSKESMAS SEPATAN,

KABUPATEN TANGERANG TAHUN 2008

Feri Ahmadi, MPH



Background Untuk mengetahui status gizi

balita dilakukan penimbangan secara berkala

yang dilakukan di posyandu, atau fasilitas

kesehatan yang ada. Dari hasil penimbangan

balita pada tahun 2005, sebanyak 291.634

balita dan yang berada pada kondisi gizi buruk

sebanyak 0,38%. Objective Untuk mengetahui

secara rinci dan mendalam tentang alasan-

alasan kebiasan menimbang balita oleh ibu di

posyandu dan faktor-faktor menghambat dan

menunjang Subjects and Methods Penelitian

Kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus.

Penelitian dilakukan pada empat desa dalam

wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sepatan Kec.

Sepatan Kabupaten Tangerang Provinsi

Banten tahun 2008.Sampel dipilih secara

Purposive random sampling untuk ibu balita

yang rutin menimbangkan balita, dan ibu

balita yang tidak rutin menimbangkan balita

indepth interview, Focus group discussion

(FGD).Untuk Petugas Gizi, dan Pimpinan

Puskesmas dilakukan indepth interview. Data

diolah dengan menggunakan software

kualitatif yang ada. Data kualitatif hasil diskusi

kelompok terarah dan wawancara mendalam

diolah melalui teknik triangulasi berdasarkan

temuan atau makna Results 1. Predisposing

factors: Pada umumnya ibu yang melakukan

penimbang berumur 25 tahun dan 35 tahun,

dilihat kelompok umur tersebut adalah ibu-

ibu muda yang aktif melakukan penimbang

bulanan, dan yang produktif untuk melakukan

aktifitas penimbangan, serta faktor umur

adalah sebagai indikator faktor pemicu:

•.....saya masih muda saya usahakan untuk

menimbang anak saya supaya sehat. Selain itu

pada tenyata anak balita yang tidak ditimbang

dengan dengan umur yang sudah tua untuk

membawa cucu ditimbang di posyandu

dirasakan sangat melelahkan dan merepotkan

untuk melaksanakannya, hal ini dipertegas

dengan pernyataan nenek tersebut : •.....saya

sudah tua malas sekali untuk melakukan

penimbang cucunya, jalan aja sudah ngak kuat

untuk ke posyandu• Disamping umur

pekerjaan rumah tangga Ibu juga akan

mempengaruhi ibu datang ke posyandu untuk

menimbangkan balitanya hal ini dipertegas

pada pernyataan berikut ini untuk ibu balita


yang mau datang ke posyandu : •.....saya mau

datang ke posyandu, walaupun pekerjaan

rumah tangga banyak, tetapi ada keluarga

yang mengingatkan untuk ke posyandu.

Sedang untuk Ibu balita yang tidak mau

datang ke posyandu terlihat dari pernyataan

ibu balita tersebut yaitu : •.....saya malas

untuk ke posyandu, pekerjaan rumah tangga

ngak putus-putus, boro boro mau ke

posyandu pak ngurus rumah aja repot benar.

Dengan demikian pekerjaan rumah tangga

merupakan salah satu penyebab ibu balita

balita tidak menimbangankan balita di

posyandu. Disamping pekerjaan yang menjadi

pemicu adalah pengetahuan ibu balita

tersebut tentang manfaat menimbang,dengan

menimbang berat badan secara rutin,berkala

diketahui pertumbuhan berat badan

balitanya. Hal ini terlihat dari pernyataan ibu

balita tersebut: •.....supaya tahu berat

badannya, kalau berat badannya turun berarti

kurang sehat. •.....sehat aja pak kalau

ditimbang tiap bulannya •.....supaya tahu

berat badannya, kalau sakit beratnya jadi

kurang Dengan demikian ibu balita

mengetahui keaktifnya untuk memanfaatkan

posyandu agar menimbang balitanya secara

rutin tiap bulan, dengan demikian diharapkan

melakukan penimbangan tiap bulannya balita

diketahui kondisi kesehatannya. Sedang ibu

balita yang tidak aktif melakukan penimbang

tiap bulannya mempunyai belum mengetahui

dari manfaat melakukan penimbangan tiap

bulan hal ini terlihat dari pernyataan berikut

ini : •.....anak saya ma ditimbang atau tidak

beratnya sebegitu aja. Kebiasaan ibu balita

untuk menimbangkan balita adalah pekerjaan

yang rutin, dan berkala yang dilakukan oleh

ibu, kebiasaan ini dilakukan agar supaya

balitanya menjadi sehat, dan berat badan

terpantau karena dilakukan penimbangan

bulanan. Hal ini terlihat dari ungkapan ibu

balita yang disampaikan yaitu : Ibu balita yang

aktif melakukan penimbangan tiap bulannya.

•.....pokoknya sudah rutin aja melakukan

penimbangan tiap bulannya. •.....rutin aja tiap

awal bulan melakukan penimbangan di rumah

ibu kader. Ibu balita yang tidak aktif tidak ada

upaya untuk melakukan penimbangan

dikarenakan kebiasaan untuk menimbangkan

anak tidak ada. Hal ini terlihat dari ungkapan

ibu yang disampaikan. •.....malas untuk

menimbangkan anaknya •.....badan sudah tua

malas untuk membawa posyandu 2.Enabling

Factors a.Kondisi Posyandu. Untuk

melaksanakan proses kegiatan penimbangan

balita di laksanakan di posyandu, adapun

sarana yang dibutuhkan untuk kegiatan

tersebut antara lain yaitu : adanya dacin

untuk menimbang, adanya sarung timbang,

buku pencatatan dan pelaporan. Disamping

itu adanya tempat untuk melakukan kegiatan

penimbang, karena tempat khusus untuk

menimbang tersebut tidak ada, maka tempat

untuk menimbang tersebut dilaksanakan di

rumah kader sebagai pos tempat

penimbangan. •.....sarana yang ada yaitu

dacin, sarung timbang, tetapi untuk tempat

khusus untuk penimbang tidak ada, jadi

rumah saya (rumah kader) dibuat untuk

tempat penimbangan balita. •.....kalau KMS

sudah lama ngak ada, jadi untuk pencatatan

penimbangan dilakukan dibuku. •.....ya yang

bantu diposyandu melati 2 hanya dua orang

kader yang membantu kegiatan posyandu,

yang lain pak, ogah mau jadi kader. Hanya

saya membilangi warga, kader yang satu lagi

punya anak kecil masih repot. Jika dilihat

dengan kodisi posyandu tersebut masih

banyak kekurangan yang dibutuhkan untuk

melaksanakan kegiatan posyandu: antara lain

meja untuk kegiatan pelaksanaan posyandu,

Kartu Menuju Sehat, yang seharus dimiliki

oleh tiap-tiap ibu balita yang melaksanakan

kegiatan penimbangan, sehingga hasil

penimbangan yang diperoleh tiap-tiap dari

penimbangan dapat diketahui tingkat

pertumbuhan anak tersebut, sehingga dapat

disimpulkan bahwa anak tersebut naik

beratnya atau turun dari hasil penimbangan



tersebut. b.Kemudahan untuk menimbang.

Kemudahan untuk menimbang oleh ibu-ibu

yang mempunyai balita tidak menjadi

permasalahan, yaitu mudah dari akses yang di

jangkau,maksud jarak yang ditempuh antara

rumah dan tempat posyandu tidak terlalu

jauh. Seluruh responden menyatakan bahwa

jarak sangat dekat, dan waktu tempuh tidak

terlalu lama, hal ini terlihat dari ungkapan

yang dinyatakan oleh ibu balita . •.....ya cuma

100 meter dari rumah, kira-kira 10 menit,

jalan kaki. •.....mudah pak hanya 300 meter

dekat kok dari rumah. Disamping kemudahan

dari segi jarak dan waktu, kemudahan untuk

mendapatkan pelayanan penimbang tidak

menjadi permasalahan, serta penimbang tidak

dikenakan biaya untuk penimbang, hal ini

terlihat dari ungkapan yang dinyatakan oleh

ibu balita . •.....mudah pak, datang daftar dulu

tak lama kemudian dipanggil untuk ditimbang.

•.....gratis tidak bayar setiap kali

penimbangan. Keramahan yang diberikan

oleh para kader, sangat baik hal ini terlihat

dari ungkapan yang dinyatakan oleh ibu balita

. •......enak di posyandu ini ada yang mau

memperhatikan kesehatan orang yang kurang

mampu. •......pelayanan yang diberikan oleh

kader ramah sekali. 3.Reinforcing Factors a.

Dorongan suami dan keluarga Peran keluarga

atau suami untuk mendorong ibu balita dalam

melakukan penimbangan anak sangat besar

sekali, walaupun motivasi ibu balita ada,

tetapi tanpa dorongan dari keluarga dan

suami tidak akan mungkin seorang ibu balita

untuk melakukan penimbangan. Hal ini


ibu balita yang aktif menimbangkan anaknya

di posyandu. •.....kalau saya lupa suami saya

yang mengingatkan •.....waknya bilang tu ada

posyandu, cepat dibawa biar ditimbang.

•.....anak yang tua yang mengingatkan, ma

dedek belum ditimbang. Tetapi kenyataan

tersebut berbeda dengan ibu balita yang tidak

aktif menimbangkan balitannya. Hal ini

terlihat dari ungkapan yang disampaikan oleh

ibu balita •.....malas pak, suami pagi-pagi

udah kerja, repot, anak sewaktu ada kegiatan

posyandu selalu tidur. b. Dorongan tetangga.

Disamping peran keluarga dan suami peran

tetangga ikut juga seorang ibu balita untuk

membawa anaknya untuk melakukan

penimbangan berat badan anaknya. Hal ini


ibu balita yang aktif menimbangkan anaknya

di posyandu. •.....tetangga bilang che ma

(mari) bawa anak besok ada ke posyandu

•......yuk bareng aja (tetangganya bilang)

besok keposyandu. Tetapi kenyataan tersebut

berbeda dengan ibu balita yang tidak aktif

menimbangkan balitannya. Hal ini terlihat dari

ungkapan yang disampaikan oleh ibu balita

•......yuk (tetangga mengajak) ke posyandu,

anak saya lagi tidur duluan aja. Conclusion

Umur Ibu balita yang 25-35 tahun,

Predisposing factors antara lain adaanya

upaya ibu balita untuk menimbangkan balita

ke posyandu, agar balitanya menjadi sehat.

Enabling Factors kemudahan dan letak

posyandu yang dekat dari rumah ibu

balita,dan keramahan petugas posyandu.

Reinforcing Factors adalah dorongan suami,

tetangga untuk melakukan penimbangan

balita. Advice: Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten

Tangerang menyediakan KMS, memberikan

support kepada bidan, kader agar lebih aktif

untuk memberikan pelayanan di posyandu,

serta perlu refresh training bagi para kader

lama, dan pelatihan bagi kader baru.


ID: 229

103. POSITIVE DEVIANCE IN FEEDING AND

CARE HABITS OF TODDLER IN REMOTE

AREAS SIDOARJO DISTRICT

Lailatul Muniroh, Wahyu Dian Pratiwi

Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga

University

Backgrounds.Generally, children in poor

families, poor environmental sanitation, and

in remote areas with limited access to food

and health facilities, have impaired growth

and malnutrition. However, there are few

children actually have a good nutritional

status even in such unfavorable conditions.

This situation is called a positive deviance.

Objectives.This research was conducted to

describe the positive deviance in feeding and

care habits of toddler in remote areas

Sidoarjo district. Methods.This research was a

qualitative descriptive study with cross

sectional design. The number of informants

was 8 mothers from poor families who had

children aged 6-60 months in good nutrition,

which was determined by purposive sampling

technique. The data was obtained through

anthropometric measurements of children, in-

depth interviews, and direct observation. The

research variables were family characteristics,

environmental conditions, socio-culture,

consumption level of energy and protein, and

the positive deviance in feeding and care

habits. Results.The results showed that

although the parents of toddler was poor

family with low education levels, they had

some positive habits in terms of feeding were

giving colostrum and breastmilk since born,

giving various solid foods, and never give up

feeding when her toddler was sick. Positive of

care habits were talking and introducing

things around toddlers since childhood, never

got lazy to answer the questions asked

toddler, watchfull toddlers when played and

father didn’t smoke around them.

Conclusions.The conclusion is the positive

deviance in the nutritional status of toddler

happens due to the positive habits that

parents do to their children, especially feeding

and care habits. Positive deviant mothers

should share their positive habits to the

people around them so that the whole

community can implement the positive habits

in their own family. In addition, the health

workers should give more attention to health

services in remote areas. Keywords : positive

deviance, feeding and care habits, nutritional

status, toddler, remote areas

ID: 235

104. COMPUTERIZED PHYSICIAN ORDER

ENTRY (CPOE) APPLICATION SYSTEM ON

CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

STRENGTHENING OF PRESCRIBING IN

GMC HEALTH CENTER, GADJAH MADA

UNIVERSITY, YOGYAKARTA

Al Asyary

University of Indonesia

Health is the discipline with data usage, which

is used to make the correct decision for

optimizing health care. This way continues to

develop in real-time or in routine which is

used to being as an good information in

decision-making in all management's levels. In

major of its applying, CPOE has been shown to

improve patient safety by reducing

medication errors and subsequent adverse

drug events (ADEs). Medication error such as

elixir writing, determination of dose and

correct drug type use at patient with the

certain health condition in health service can

be depressed. But, and so do own the

negative impact. One of them is the existence

of time addition in entry of patient

information by physician. The goals was to

identify how far the CPOE on prescribing

implementation or also called with electronic

prescribing in academic health facility of GMC



Health Center currently, especially from

technological themes, organizational policy,

and consumer perceived. This case study

design, depth interview and observation was

conducted in academic healthcare facility

GMC Health Center. The subject was

managers, physicians, and farmacists as end-

user of CPOE system on presribing. From

interview guide and check list observation

tools obtained that CPOE on prescribing

implementation in GMC Health Center

influenced by some principles from existing

themes. Technology themes consisted by

technology itself/temporal concern, meeting

information needs, integrated systems, and

security system. Organizational themes

comprise with vision and leadership,

organizational context, project management

and continuous implementation, while

usefulness, entry behaviour, special people,

and training/support were about personal

themes. The results obtained that the

application system demonstrate absoultely

end-user (user comprising; management,

physicians, and pharmacists) agreed with the

needs of existing service flow. However,

based on the analysis of correlations in the

system, the diagnosis of disease present with

prescribed drug therapy found the use of

doses of prescription drugs pattern had

possibility of prescribing errors. CPOE systems

can not give a warning of the use of certain

drugs (alert) directly (real-time), also in the

decision making (decision support) from

information in the existing applications. For

that the need, about of optimum utilization of

this application systems has given the

usefulness of the efficiency of the service, but

its effectiveness in reducing or minimizing the

main goal in every health care need to be

improved. So it is not just paperless, but also

the system is used as a decision-support.

Keywords : CPOE, case study, successful

principle, GMC Health Center

ID: 237

105. IMPLEMENTATION of BIORISK

MANAGEMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH AND SAFETY DIVISION at

CENTER FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BASIC

TECHNOLOGY OF HEALTH (CBBTH)

LABORATORIES

Frans Dany, Frans Dany, N.K Susilarini,

Herlinda, Vivi Lisdawati


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Background Hazard to laboratory worker may

occur due to the negligence or other causes

beyond human ability. Inter alia, laboratory

workers have a high risk of exposure to many

blood borne diseases that can be transmitted

through blood penetration such as HIV,

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and other viral

infections. The high risk of exposure in the

laboratory requires biorisk management to

prevent intentional and unintentional release

of pathogen. Biorisk management identify all

hazards, the entry and exit infectious

material, evaluation of the potential for

misuse and prevention of infectious materials

and prioritize the handling of emergencies.

There are several implementation of biorisk

management for the prevention of number of

diseases that can be carried out by the

Occupational Health and Safety Division in

every institution to the safety of laboratory

worker such as: the annual vaccination

program. Occupational Health and Safety

Division at Center for Biomedical and Basic

Technology of Health (CBBTH) in National

Institute of Health Research and Development

(NIHRD), Indonesian Ministry of Health, had

already implemented biorisk management by

doing the annual vaccination program.

Hepatitis B is one of an infection of the

potentially life-threatening liver and included

in a preventable disease by vaccination. The

annual vaccination program in CBBTH is


included hepatitis B vaccination. The data will

be presented as follow Methods Data were

obtained from laboratory workers at CBBTH in

November 2011 to July 2012. ELISA was used

to test sera for HbsAg and anti-HBs. For those

with adequate antibody levels (anti-HbS >100

IU/ml) and positive HbsAg, vaccination was

not implemented. The workers with anti-HBs

titer of 51-100 IU/ml will be administered

booster shot once. Those having the titer of

11-50 IU/ml got booster shot twice and levels

<10 IU/ml received 3 dose of the vaccine. Staff

which is experiencing immunization series

were screened again to check their immunity

status by using ELISA. Results Of 148 persons,

38 (25.67%) already had adequate anti-HbS,

thus deemed having immunity to hepatitis B,

3 (2.02%) were HbSAg positive, 94 (63.5%)

were negative, 13 participants (8.78%)

dropped out from vaccination. After re-

screening, 93 of 94 (98.9%) vaccinated had

adequate antibody against Hepatitis-B.

Conclusion Vaccination Program included

screening of Hepatitis-B is œa must• for

laboratory workers and must be done

annually to prevent an increase cases of

Laboratory-Acquired Infection.

ID: 239

106. MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN

IMPLEMENTING THE BALANCED

NUTRITION IN PADANG CITY

Azrimaidaliza, Idral Purnakarya, Dewi

Yurika Sari

Public Health Faculty Andalas University

Backgrounds: West Sumatra is one of the

provinces in Indonesia that have a higher

prevalence of malnutrition above the national

average (20.22%). Thus the implementation of

balanced nutrition has not been going well in

the family to address the nutritional

problems. Objectives: The aim of this study is

to determine factors associated with maternal

behavior in implementing balanced nutrition

in Padang city. Methods: Cross sectional study

was conducted on 110 women who lived in

Padang city. Maternal behavior, education,

knowledge, attitude, economic status and role

of health worker towards balanced nutrition

were collected by questionnaire. Especially,

maternal food consumption behavior were

collected by food recall 24-hours then

compared with general guidelines balanced

nutrition. Results: The result showed that 40%

of maternal had low education, 72.7% lower

knowledgeable balanced nutrition, 12.7%

being negative towards balanced nutrition.

The results also obtained 57.3% of maternal

with poor economic status and 73.6% of

health workers with poor role. Maternal

behavior in implementing the balanced

nutrition unknown 76.4% had unfavorable

behavior. Analysis Chi-Square showed that

education (P=0,019) and knowledge about

balanced nutrition (P=0,006) associated with

maternal balanced nutrition behavior. Then,

by logistic regression analysis obtained

knowledge of balanced nutrition is the most

dominant factor related to the behavior of

balanced nutrition (P=0,003, CI=1,644-11,916,

OR=4,426). Conclusions: Knowledge of

balanced nutrition is the dominant factors

associated with maternal behavior in

implementing the balanced nutrition in

Padang city. Therefore to Health Institutions

can socialize about balanced nutrition to the

public through routine counseling and the

media so that they can apply in the family.



ID: 240

107. PARINGAN, THE PSYCHOTIC

KAMPONG•A CONTROVERSIAL MENTAL

HEALTH ISSUE IN PONOROGO, EAST JAVA

Aan Kurniawan, Pramita Andarwati,

Yunita Fitrianti



Backgrounds œKampung Gila• or the

œPsychotic Kampong• was a phrase that

introduced by several media to claim their

findings on 60 people with mental illness

(PWMI) lived in a village in East Java, namely

Paringan. Those report had become a multi-

level controversy for quite a while. The

government considered this report as a

questione about their credibility in dealing

with mental health issues in Indonesia. The

society preceived it differently. Some confront

it, some other considered it a bless as

attentions and aids were coming afterward. A

big change happened to this village as a result

of those releases. Objectives This research

aimed to describe Paringan village with its

socio-cultural condition. We underlies the

Paringan people’s experiences in dealing with

PWMI, including their explanation on mentall

illness, deviant attitudes, emotional

expressions and behaviours shown by people

who was subjected as PWMI. The result of

this research is intended to contribute

community based mental-health efforts in

Paringan village. Methods This research was a

case study employed an exploratory-

qualitative method. Data were collected

during 3 weeks of live-in at the Paringan

village by conducting indepth interview and

participant observation. Results The findings

of this research showed that there is a change

in the Paringan society in terms of health care

to PWMI. The press releases did give a big

change to it. The estabilishment of

Community Health Care in Paringan village as

one of the answer to the •Psychotic

Kampong• case has changed the way a

treatment is given to PWMI. They get a better

access to health care than before. We also

found that the people of Paringan has a

various conception in explaining ill-health

condition of people that were considered to

be PWMI. This conception influenced the way

PWMI were treated. Family, as the primary

care giver were treating PWMI based on their

conception on ill-health condition.

ID: 243

108. THE RELATIONSHIP MATERNAL

HEIGHT WITH THE INCIDENCE OF LOW

BIRTH WEIGHT

Erna Luciasari, Yurista Permanasari, Fitrah

Ernawati



Backgrounds. The prevalence of stunting

among under five years in Indonesia reached

36,8 %. The impact of stunting in adulthood

such as limited in working capacity. Stunted

woman will have high risk pregnancy because

they have a small pelvic size and risk of having

infants with low birth weight. When the

situation is not corrected it will be more

stunted mothers in the future. Stunted

mother will give birth an infant with low

weight (< 2500 gram) . Objective.To assess

differences between maternal height with the

incidence of low birth weight. Methods. Type

of this research was cohort prospective . It

continuously observing pregnant women from

12-16 week of pregnancy until giving birth.

Maternal height were measured at baseline

using microtoise. Stunted mother who those

have height less than 145 cm. Birth weight

infants were weighed using scales for infants

(baby scale) digital. Data analyzed was

performed with univariate and bivariate.

Univariate analyzed was conducted to identify


the distribution of the sample. Bivariate

analyzes to determine the differences birth

weight child from normal and stunted mother

using t- test with a significance limit of 0.05.

Results. There were 261 pair of mothers and

infants. There were 24 ( 9,2%) of infants had

low birth weight, only 1 of 24 infant who

those have a height <145 cm. The T- test

results no significant difference between birth

weight child on maternal height <145 cm and

more. Conclusions. There was no differences

of weight birth on infants in this study was not

due to a low birth with mothers height less

than 145 cm. There was no association

between maternal height and incidence low

birth weight child

ID: 246

109. DIFFERENCES MATERNAL WEIGHT

DURING PREGNANCY IN LBW AND NO

LBW CHILDREN

Yurista Permanasari, Fitrah Ernawati, Erna

Luciasari, Made Dewi Susilawati



Background: A healthy child should be

prepared during pregnancy. That because the

fetus expereienced period of rapid

developments during pregnancy. Therefore,

sufficient nutrients needed to achieve it.

Increased nutritional needs during pregnancy

influence maternal weight gain during

pregnancy. Enough weight during pregnancy

can prevent LBW (low birth weight) or below

2500 grams. Therefore, a mother must

maintain his physical condition to replenish

their nutritional needs.. The purpose of this

study was to determine the difference in

maternal weight in LBW and non LBW.

Methods: Data were obtained from a

prospective cohort study in Bogor district in

2011-2012 against pregnant women who

were followed from the first trimester untill

they delivery the baby. Data obtained from

this study the average maternal weight during

pregnancy from the first trimester to the third

trimester and birth weight were grouped into

low birth weight (<2500 g) and non low birth

weight or normal (> = 2,500 g). Results: From

115 subject, there were 13.9% LBW children

and 86.1% children who are not LBW. The

statistical test showed that there are

difference in maternal weight during

pregnancy on low birth weight children and

children who are not LBW with p = 0.00 (Î±

<0.05). Conclusion: Birth weight babies are

different depending on maternal weight

during pregnancy. Keywords: low birth

weight, maternal weight

ID: 248

110. POTENTIAL OF DRIED CASSAVA

(MANIHOT UTILISSIMA) LEAVES AS

CAROTENE SOURCE FOR PRE-SCHOOL

CHILDREN

Almasyhuri, Erna Luciasari


Kesehatan (Pusat 1)

Abstract Foreword. Vitamin A deficiency

especially on women and children from low

socio-economic income are abundant in

world. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to

blindness and moreover it also brings 2.2

million babies to death per year because of

diarrhea and 1 million died because of

measles. In 2005, WHO estimated 250 million

pre-school children were lack of vitamin A,

and 250,000 - 500,000 of them will suffer

blindness every year. Vitamin A can be

obtained from foods and supplements. One of

vegetable which contains high vitamin A is

Cassava leaf. Moreover, in most case in

Indonesia cassava leaves are rarely used as

food. Those leaves are abundant considering

the big area of fields. Cassava leaves

consumed usually come from the younger



leaves which have tendency can’t last long in

storage. Furthermore, drying can be one of

traditional way in preserving foodstuffs.

Objective. This research aims to get to know

the potency of dried cassava leaves as a

source of Î²-carotene for pre-school children.

Methods. Young and matured cassava leaves

are blanched, dried, and then cooked with

gulai seasoning. Three kinds of gulai: (1) dried

young cassava leaves gulai, (2) dried mature

cassava leaves gulai, (3) fresh cassava leaves

gulai are designed as complete menus and

furthermore portion acceptance tests are

conducted. Three groups of pre-school

children act as panelists, be given those gulai

three days in row, and documented. The

difference in three kinds of gulai portion

acceptance is analyzed by using Anova and

Duncan test in SPSS 15.0. Î²-carotene level of

cassava leaves in gulai and the fresh one are

also analyzed. Result. The average

consumption of dried young cassava leaves

are 81.3 g / day, dried mature cassava leaves

are 64.9 g / day, and 91.8 g / day for the fresh

one. Result of Anova test shows there is no

significance between those kinds of gulai

(P>0.05). Î²-carotene content in dried young

cassava leaves gulai is 2,363 Î¼g with 81.9 g

water per 100 g, dried mature cassava leaves

gulai with 2,394 Î¼g of Î²-carotene and 82.7 g

water per 100 g, fresh cassava leaves gulai

with 2,233 Î¼g of Î²-carotene and 84.0 g water

per 100 g. Dried cassava leaves that come

from young or mature cassava leaves can be

well-accepted by pre-school children and

there is no difference in portion compared

with fresh cassava leaves gulai. All of those

kinds of cassava leaves being used can be

utilized as a source of Î²-carotene. Keywords:

Dried cassava leaves gulai, Portion acceptance

test, Î²-carotene

ID: 251

111. GENDER INEQUITY IN FAMILY

PLANNING

Dwidjo Susilo, Nurfadhilah, Triana

Srisantyorini

Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Backgrounds Condom is one of the most ideal

contraception devices for family planning due

to the high effectiveness and without side

effect. However, the utility of condom in

Indonesia is very low. The 2010 Basic Health

Research revealed that the highest

percentage of married women who use

condoms as a tool for family planning in the

age group of 35-39 years old was at 1,6%.

Compared to the 2000 and 2005 National

Health Surveys, percentage of condom use in

this age group increased from 0.3% and 0.4%

respectively. Objectives The objective of the

study was to discover information about the

different role of husbands and wives who are

succeeded in condom use. The specific target

of the study is to raise males’ role in using

condom as their reliable contraception device.

Methods The method used in this study was

Positive Deviance (PD) approach to observe

and imitate the uncommon behaviors and

strategies that had been successfully done by

the PD initiators though there were only 1% of

the community use condom as their

contraception device. We collected data from

163 respondents in Jakarta and South

Tangerang in 2012 by using questionnaire to

screen potential informants who have been

using condom consistently. Forum Group

Discussion was conducted on non-condom

user and wives of non-condom users. In depth

interviews was held on 3 condom users, 2

condom users’ wives and 3 non-condom

users’ wives. Results Among 163 respondents,

there were 80 people did not use any

contraception. Of the contraception users,

there were only 16 people (10%) who


consistently using condom in the last 8

months. Other respondents mostly used

hormonal contraception such as injection

(22%) and pill (15%). Behaviors related to

condom use equally and fairly simple.

Condom is easy to use because the usage

instructions clearly stated on the packaging.

However, there are significant differences in

motivation of husbands for using condom.

Some husbands used condoms because of

negative experiences of wife when using

hormonal contraception. Others decided not

to use condom because of low support from

wife. Conclusions The determinants of

behavioral intention for using condom are the

wife’s support without showing unpleasant

feeling while using condom and health

professional suggestion to use condom as the

ideal contraception method. Comprehensive

information on advantages and disadvantages

of contraception methods is necessary to

reduce gender inequity in family planning.

ID: 258

112. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY (OHS ) MANAGEMENT

IMPLEMENTATION IN ANTI TB LUNG

DISEASE GLOBAL FUND PROGRAM

EVALUATION YEAR 2011 IN DISTRICT OF

KOTABARU - SOUTH KALIMANTAN -

INDONESIA

Qomariyatus Sholihah

Lambung Mangkurat University

Background Tuberculosis still a health

problem in Indonesia. Prevalence of

pulmonary tuberculosis with sputum smear

(+) was higher by 0.3%. TBCTreatment

program has performed nationally since 1969,

then in 2004 joined the donor countries in the

Global Fund to fund all activities related to the

program in the District Kotabaru P2TBC lung.

Objectives , This study aim to reveal the

implementation of the program before and

after lung P2TBC Global Fund interventions in

the District Kotabaru year 2010 - 2012.

Looking at the inputs and processes in the

implementation of the program, the number

of program outcomes include patient

discovery rate, conversion rate, the cure rate

and error rate. The research method was

descriptive describe the actual state of

implementation of the P2TBC lung program,

evaluating aspects of the input, process and

output using a questionnaire. The population

of the study sample were all officers in

activities P2TBC lung in health centers and

one district Wasor. The results showed that

overall both the input, process and output

increased from before Global Fund

intervention . Input funds increased 100%,

100% officers had been trained , and

equipment like Mikrokop 95% binocular, OAT

fulfilled 100%. The process of program

implementation is also progressing as 100%

SPS sputum examination, supervision,

minitoring 100%, negligent patient tracking

and inspection of patient contacts increased

to 80%, recording and reporting from regular

and complete 80%. Output activities such as

patient findings BTA (+) increased 40.1% to

67%, Conversion from 80% to 81.5%, the cure

rate increased from 78.2% to 90.7% and the

error rate dropped from <3, 4% to <2.7%.

Conclusion P2TBC implementation has been

successful with the application of

occupational safety and health ( OSH )

management from inputs to outcomes. For

that program continued to reduce and

suppress the development of pulmonary TB

disease. Keywords: pulmonary P2TBC

program, the Global Fund interventions,

program evaluation



ID: 272

113. DETERMINANT OF BACK PAIN

AMONG SEVERAL HOSPITALS

PARAMEDICS IN JAKARTA

Lusianawaty Tana, FX Suharyanto Halim



Determinant of Back Pain among Several

Hospitals Paramedics in Jakarta Abstract: Back

pain is a major health problem for workers in

the world. Many risk factors are related to

back pain, such as manual handling of the

patient, physical stretching, psychological

factor, and age. The purpose of this study was

to analyze determinants of the back pain

among paramedics who are working in several

hospitals in Jakarta. A cross sectional study

was conducted to paramedics who are

working in medical care unit in three hospitals

in Jakarta. Back pain was diagnosed based on

clinical diagnosis by general practitioner and

neurologist. The inclusion criterias were age

20“45 years old, have been working in the

hospital for at least 1 year, without spinal

congenital disorder, and not pregnant. There

were 382 samples that fulfilled the study

criteria. The percentage of back pain is 28.5%.

Determinant factors of back pain among

paramedics were trauma history, back pain

prevention practice, smoking habit, age, and

psychological distress.(p<0.05). Increasing of

the back pain prevention practice is important

to prevent back pain. Keywords: occupation,

back pain, determinant, paramedics

ID: 280

114. PERILAKU BERISIKO REMAJA

JALANAN KOTA BANDUNG TAHUN 2010

Heny Lestary, Sugiharti



Latar Belakang :Usia remaja merupakan usia

yang paling bergejolak dalam kehidupan

seorang manusia. Remaja cenderung

mencoba berbagai perilaku berisiko seperti

merokok, alkohol, narkoba, sex bebas, aborsi,

penyakit menular seksual, mencuri, tawuran,

dan sebagainya. Remaja jalanan merupakan

kelompok remaja paling berisiko karena tidak

ada lembaga yang melindunginya.

Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui

gambaran perilaku berisiko remaja jalanan di

Kota Bandung dan harapan mereka terhadap

layanan peduli remaja baik di Puskesmas

maupun lembaga lainnya. Metode :Penelitian

ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan

menggunakan metode Wawancara Mendalam

(WM) dan Kelompok Diskusi Terarah (KDT).

Populasi adalah anak jalanan Kota Bandung

yang berumur 15-24 tahun. Informan terpilih

secara acak dari beberapa kantong remaja

jalanan di berbagai penjuru Kota Bandung.

KDT dan WMdikelompokkan berdasarkan

jenis kelamin, usia, dan status kawin. KDT

dilakukan pada 8 kelompok dan WM

dilakukan terhadap 8 informan dengan

karakteristik yang berbeda. Hasil :Hampir

semua remaja jalanan Kota Bandung pernah

melakukan perilaku sex bebas, alkohol,

narkoba, dan merokok. Sebagian pernah

mengalami penyakit menular seksual dan

ditolak pengobatannya oleh Puskesmas

karena tidak mempunyai jaminan sosial.

Sebagian kecil pernah terlibat pencurian dan

dipenjara. Beberapa remaja pernah

melakukan percobaan bunuh diri karena

frustasi dengan kehidupannya yang tidak

berjalan seimbang. Sebagian besar mulai


hidup di jalanan sejak berusia 10-12 tahun,

bahkan ada yang mulai sejak usia 6 tahun.

Hampir semua remaja mengakui turun ke

jalan karena perceraian orangtua atau

kehidupan keluarga yang tidak harmonis,

serta alasan ekonomi. Kesimpulan :Perilaku

berisiko kelompok remaja 15-19 tahun

dengan kelompok 20-24 tahun berbeda. Pada

umumnya mereka yang berusia 20-24 tahun

sudah bosan melakukan perilaku berisiko dan

ingin kembali ke jalan yang benar. Sedangkan

remaja 15-19 tahun masih terbiasa dengan

perilaku berisikonya.Pada umumnya tidak ada

perbedaan yang nyata antara perilaku berisiko

remaja laki-laki dan perempuan. Remaja

menikah lebih memilih untuk mencari nafkah

untuk keluarganya, dibandingkan dengan

remaja yang belum menikah. Perlu adanya

dukungan dari puskesmas, dinas sosial, dan

swasta untuk menangani masalah perilaku

berisiko remaja jalanan di Kota Bandung. Kata

kunci: perilaku berisiko, remaja jalanan,

alkohol, narkoba, sex bebas

ID: 281

115. PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG

PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PEDULI

REMAJA DI KOTA BANDUNG TAHUN 2010

Sugiharti Ananda, Heny Lestary



Abstrak Latar Belakang Masa remaja

merupakan periode terjadinya pertumbuhan

dan perkembangan pesat baik fisik, psikologis

maupun sosial. Pola karakteristik pesatnya

tumbuh kembang ini menyebabkan remaja

mempunyai sifat khas yang sama yaitu rasa

keingintahuan yang besar, menyukai

petualangan dan tantangan serta cenderung

berani menanggung risiko atas perbuatannya

tanpa didahului pertimbangan yang matang.

Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR)

merupakan pelayanan yang memenuhi hak

remaja, mengakomodasi semua segmen

remaja yang beragam, termasuk kelompok

yang rapuh dan rawan, tidak membatasi etnik,

status, kecacatan, memperhatikan keadilan/

kesetaraan gender, menjamin privasi dan

kerahasiaan, mempromosikan kemandirian

remaja, menjamin biaya yang

terjangkau/gratis. Tujuan Tujuan penelitian ini

adalah mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan

remaja di Kota Bandung terhadap Puskesmas

PKPR. Metode Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi

potong lintang dengan metode penelitian

kualitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah

remaja kawin usia 15 - 24 tahun dan remaja

belum kawin usia 15 -24 tahun. Hasil Dari hasil

wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok

terarah terhadap remaja menunjukkan bahwa

semua informan remaja menyatakan belum

pernah mengetahui dan mendengar adanya

Puskesmas PKPR, sebagian besar informan

remaja menyatakan memerlukan adanya

pelayanan yang peduli terhadap remaja.

Pelayanan yang diharapkan sebagian besar

informan remaja adalah pelayanan dengan

biaya yang terjangkau atau gratis, petugas

yang ramah dan mau mendengarkan keluhan

remaja, menghargai remaja, bisa menjaga

rahasia remaja dan dapat memberikan

pemecahan masalah yang dihadapi remaja.

Kesimpulan Puskesmas PKPR belum banyak

diketahui dan dikenal oleh remaja. Kata kunci

: Remaja, PKPR, Puskesmas

ID: 282

116. KEBIJAKAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

HAJI INDONESIA DI EMBARKASI

Qomariyatus Alwi, Ratih Oemiyati



Pelayanan kesehatan haji di embarkasi sangat

krusial karena merupakan penapisan akhir

dan penentuan laik terbang seorang calon



haji. Pada kenyataannya masih terjadi jemaah

haji yang dinyatakan tidak laik berangkat

tetapi masih tetap diberangkatkan (meninggal

di pesawat, di jeddah) serta setiap tahun

terjadi kasus persalinan dan keguguran di

Arab Saudi. Kematian jemaah haji banyak

terjadi pada kelompok Risti karena usia

maupun karena penyakit yang dideritanya

sejak dari tanah air. Pada 10 tahun terkahir ini

jemaah haji Indonesia wafat 2,1 - 3,2 per 1000

jemaah, jauh lebih besar dibandingkan

dengan kematian jemaah haji di negara

negara Asean lainnya. Pelayanan kesehatan

haji diselenggarakan dengan memanfaatkan

ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang

berkembang, serta mengutamakan

pendekatan komprehensif yaitu promotif,

preventif, kuratif rehabilitatif. Tujuan Umum

penelitian adalah tersedianya kajian tentang

Kinerja dan Kebijakan Pelayanan Kesehatan

Haji di embarkasi tahun 2010/1431 H. Tujuan

Khusus memperoleh informasi tentang

jumlah, jenis, unit asal petugas, waktu yang

terpakai untuk setiap tupoksi, kegiatan

pemeriksaan dokumen dan pemeriksaan

kesehatan fisik dan kehamilan, pelayanan

kesehatan di poliklinik, kebijakan pelayanan

kesehatan haji di embarkasi. Studi kualitatif

terkait kinerja pelayanan kesehatan jemaah

haji pada 15 embarkasi di Indonesia dilakukan

pada tahun 2010/1431 H. Informan adalah

seluruh petugas pelayanan kesehatan yang

sedang bertugas pada saat pengumpulan

data. Cara pengumpulan data dengan

observasi, wawancara mendalam dan diskusi

kelompok terarah serta telaah dokumen

manajemen dan kebijakan. Temuan penelitian

¢ Lama jemaah berada di embarkasi sebelum

berangkat hanya 1x 24jam, sedangkan jumlah

petugas terbatas untuk memeriksa

kelengkapan dokumen dan kondisi kesehatan

seluruh calon jamaah (1kloter sampai 450

orang), sehingga kadang pemeriksaan

kesehatan tidak dilakukan dengan baik sesuai

SOP ¢ Karena waktu terbatas, tidak semua

embarkasi melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan

pada seluruh calhaj, sebagian hanya

memeriksa yang Risti saja. ¢ Belum ada

standard kebutuhan jumlah tenaga kesehatan

yg bertugas di embarkasi dan belum ada

standar waktu pemeriksaan dokumen haji per

calhaj. ¢ Pemeriksaan kehamilan tes urin dan

palpasi kadang tidak dilakukan secara lengkap

dan kurang teliti sehingga membuka peluang

calon jemaah haji untuk berbohong (terjadi

peristiwa persalinan di Mekah dan aborsi di

Madinah) ¢ Ada intervensi pihak Kemenag

dalam menentukan keberangkatan calhaj

dengan alasan tertentu sehingga

menimbulkan kerancuan/polemik. ¢ Kebijakan

yang ada: PEDOMAN TEKNIS PEMERIKSAAN

KESEHATAN JEMAAH HAJI oleh PUSAT

KESEHATAN HAJI KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN

RI 2010 Jemaah haji dinyatakan TIDAK

MEMENUHI SYARAT, apabila ; 1). Status

kesehatan termasuk kategori Tunda. 2).

Mengidap salah satu atau lebih penyakit

menular tertentu pada saat di embarkasi.

3).Tidak memenuhi persyaratan keselamatan

penerbangan. Ketentuan Keselamatan

Penerbangan a) Penyakit tertentu yang

berisiko kematian dikarenakan

ketinggian/penerbangan. b) Usia kehamilan:

Ibu hamil diperbolehkan berangkat apabila

pada saat berangkat dari embarkasi usia

kehamilan mencapai di bawah 14 minggu dan

di atas 26 minggu. Bukan kehamilan risiko

tinggi untuk ibu dan janin. Pertemuan

Penetapan Kelaikan Kesehatan Jemaah

diselenggarakan oleh Kepala Dinas Kesehatan

Kabupaten/Kota. Paling lambat 2 minggu

sebelum mulai operasional haji. Opsi

Kebijakan dan Saran 1. Adanya kebijakan

terkait standar jumlah dan kualifikasi tenaga

kesehatan di embarkasi sesuai beban kerja

(jumlah jemaah haji). Untuk itu perlu

penelitian tentang standar jumlah dan

kualifikasi tenaga dikaitkan dengan beban

kerja 2. Adanya kebijakan terkait Penilaian

reward dan punishment terhadap kinerja


setiap petugas dan terhadap manajemen

pelayanan dengan indikator angka kematian

di setiap embarkasi dan kasus

persalinan/keguguran 3. Perlu dibentuk tim

pengawasan dan tim penilaian terhadap

kinerja petugas di embarkasi dan di setiap unit

pelayanan kesehatan haji baik di tanah air

maupun di arab saudi.

ID: 293

117. POLA PENYAKIT ISPA DAN DIARE

BERDSARKAN POLA RUMAH SEHAT DI

INDONESIA DALAM KURUN WAKTU

SEPULUH TAHUN TERAKHIR

Supraptini, SKM, M.Kes



Latar Belakang : Penyakit berbasis lingkungan

merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat

yang menimbulkan dampak kerugian ekonomi

dan banyak menelan korban. Kualitas

lingkungan termasuk kondisi rumah, sangat

berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan masyarakat.

Tujuan Umum : Untuk mengetahui pola

penyakit ISPA & Diare berdasar pola rumah

sehat di Indonesia dalam 10 tahun terakhir.

Tujuan Khusus : Untuk mengetahui : 1.Pola

rumah sehat di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu

10 tahun terakhir; 2.Pola ISPA di Indonesia

dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir; 3.Pola

Diare di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 10

tahun terakhir; 4.Pola ISPA berdasar pola


10 th terakhir; 5.Pola Diare berdasar pola


10 th terakhir.

Bahan dan Cara: Analisis menggunakan dua

sumber data yang saling melengkapi yaitu

Riskesdas 2007 – 2010 dan Susenas 2001 –

2010. Disain penelitian Riskesdas dan Susenas

menggunakan disain Cross Sectional.

Penggunaan Data secara rinci : 1. Analisis data

th 2001 dengan Kor & Modul Susenas 2001;

2. Analisis data th 2004 dengan Kor Susenas

2004; 3. Analisis data th 2007 dengan

Riskesdas 2007 & Kor Susenas 2007; 4.

Analisis data th 2010 dengan Kor Susenas

2010. Penggabungan data dapat dilakukan

pada analisis tahun 2001 & 2007 karena

menggunakan kerangka sampel yang sama

sehingga saling melengkapi informasi yang

dibutuhkan.Keterbatasan Analisis : Analisis ini

mempunyai keterbatasan karena

menggunakan data sekunder maka hanya

dapat menganalisis dari variabel yang

tersedia. Variabel yang tersedia setiap tahun

tidak sama sehingga variabel – variabel yang

digunakan hanya yang dimiliki seluruh data.

Data yang dapat dianalisis untuk membentuk

nilai komposit rumah sehat terbatas pada

indikator-indikator yang ada di semua

sumber.

Hasil : 1. Pola ISPA & Diare sama, selalu tinggi

disaat rumah sehat rendah dan sebaliknya.

Jadi ada korelasi antara rumah sehat dengan

ISPA & Diare; 2. Untuk yang status ekonomi

rendah angka ISPA & Diare tinggi dibanding

yang ekonomi tinggi; 3. Pada tahun 2007

menunjukkan kondisi rumah sehat menurun

dan angka kesakitan ISPA & Diare meningkat.

Kesimpulan :

1. Tidak ada perbedaan pola untuk seluruh

karakteristik, jika persentase rumah sehat

rendah maka persentase ISPA & Diare

meningkat. Demikian juga sebaliknya

2. Lonjakan penurunan persentase rumah

sehat dan peningkatan persentase ISPA &

Diare di tahun 2007 merupakan dampak

dari masalah lingkungan dan ekonomi.



ID: 294

118. ANALISIS KETERSEDIAAN OBAT

ESENSIAL DI RUMAH SAKIT DAN

PUSKESMAS MENURUT REGIONALISASI

BERDASARKAN SURAT KEPUTUSAN

OBAT GENERIK NOMOR

HK.03.01/MENKES/146/ I/2010

Dra. Selma A.S.Siahaan, Apt, MHA



ID: 295

119. CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS

OF CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE IN INDONESIA

WITH SPATIAL AND STATISTICS

ANALYSIS (RISKESDAS 2007 AND 2010)

Noviati Fuada, Sri Poedji Hatuty, Salimar

National Institut of health Research and

Development (NIRHD), Ministry of health

Indonesia

Transitions nutritional status is a reflection of

the general transition phenomena, such as

demographics, food, education and health.

Demographic Transition reciprocally affect the

transition nutrition / health. Information on of

that, need to be improved. Spatial analysis

gives an easy information to decisions making.

Objective: To know the distribution of the

area and the the differentiating factor of the

double burden on the children under five

nutrition status. Method: Analysis of non-

intervention with cros-sectional design.

Sample Data are Aggregate Susenas (2007and

2010 ), Riskesdas (2007 and 2010). Unit

analysis is the province. Analysis of spatial

with overlay method. Statistical analysis using

deskriminan. Results: Differentiating factor in

the demographic transition is the delta of

proportion of demographic dependency ratio

variable. The Differentiating factor in

economic transition, is the delta of proportion

of poor households variable, in social

transition is the delta of proportion of

Elementary Education variable, in food

sufficiency transition, is protein adequacy for

household variable. All of them, the

determinants Factor, is dependency ratio

variable. High levels of potentially affected

areas double burden are : All of province in:

Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Maluku. Province of

: DKI, Central Java, North Sumatra, South

Sumatra, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and

Lampung . Discussion: The situation is to be

seen to do with demographic bonus, because

demographic bonus will be case if the number

of dependency ratio is 0.4-05 percent.

Demographic Bonus becomes a problem, if it

is not accompanied by an increase in

education, skills, health. When assuming

from the other factors is invariable, it is

predicted if any a demographic bonus case,

also any a double burden problem.

Distribution of potentially affected areas

double burden on outside Java Island, there

are, shows social disparities. Conclusions:

Differentiating factor of areas that

experienced double burden and not, is the

delta of proportion dependency ratio variable.

High levels of potentially affected areas

double burden spread outside Java.

Key word : double burden, Transitions ,

dependency ratio,spatial


ID: 296

120. ANALISIS MAPPING TOPOGRAFIS

(KETERPENCILAN, KEPULAUAN,

PERBATASAN) TENTANG KETERSEDIAAN

DAN KELAYAKAN FASILITAS FISIK

PUSKESMAS BERDASAR DEMOGRAFI

DAN GEOGRAFIS DI INDONESIA

Rukmini, Betty Rosihermiatie



Latar Belakang : Sarana pelayanan kesehatan

dasar milik pemerintah yaitu Puskesmas telah

terdapat di semua kecamatan, namun akses

terhadap pelayanan kesehatan belum merata

yaitu masih terbatasnya sarana pelayanan

kesehatan dan tenaga kesehatan di Daerah

Tertinggal Terpencil Perbatasan dan

Kepulauan (DTPK). Bagi masyarakat di DTPK,

keterbatasan akses juga disebabkan kondisi

geografis yang sulit. Riset Fasilitas kesehatan

(Rifaskes) tahun 2011 dilaksanakan sebagai

upaya mengetahui gambaran yang

komprehensif mengenai sarana pelayananan

kesehatan pemerintah sebagai perencanaan

dalam rangka pengembangan pelayanan

kesehatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan

masyarakat. Tujuan : menganalisis mapping

topografis (keterpencilan, kepulauan,

perbatasan) tentang ketersediaan dan

kelayakan fasilitas fisik puskesmas

berdasarkan faktor demografi dan geografis di

Indonesia. Metode : dengan menganalisis

data sekunder Rifaskes tahun 2011 mengenai

Puskesmas. Hubungan antara kelayakan

fasilitas fisik dengan keterpencilan diuji

dengan korelasi Spearman, hubungan

kelayakan fasilitas fisik dengan puskesmas

kepulauan dan perbatasan dengan Mann

Whitney test, sedangkan hubungan kelayakan

fasilitas fisik Puskesmas dengan topografi

wilayah menurut jumlah peduduk dan lokasi

puskesmas perkotaan/pedesaan dengan Two-

Way Anova. Hasil : sebagian besar Puskesmas

terdapat pada wilayah dengan jumlah

penduduk <30.000 jiwa (63,4%), daerah biasa

(73,6%) dan pedesaan (74,2%). Luas tanah

puskesmas sebagian besar (%) sudah

memenuhi persyaratan Kemekes RI, bila

Puskesmas memiliki 1 bangunan maka luas

tanah ≥ 1,5 kali luas bangunan sedangkan bila

memiliki ≥1 bangunan dan atau bertingkat

maka luas tanah ≥ 2 kali luas bangunan.

Menurut bangunan Puskesmas, fungsi

bangunan sebagain besar (61%) adalah non

perawatan, jenis bangunan (93,5%)

permanen, kondisi bangunan lebih separuh

(55,2%) baik dan (79,8%) berlantai satu.

Ruangan pelayanan Puskesmas terutama ;

yang tersedia (96,4%) poliklinik umum

sedangkan yang paling layak adalah (81,4%)

poli gigi. Adapun ruangan non pelayanan yaitu

ruang tunggu (99,6%), gudang obat (84,5%),

toilet (77%) sebagian besar sudah tersedia

dengan kategori layak. Demikian pula dengan

ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun, sebagian

besar sudah tersedia (83,6%) dengan kategori

layak (81,2%). Namun untuk penanganan

limbah puskesmas lebih dari separuh (66,8%)

tersedia tetapi dengan kategori kurang layak

(72,7%). Terdapat hubungan signifikans antara

kelayakan ruangan pelayanan, non pelayanan,

air bersih dan penanganan limbah dengan

topografi wilayah. Demikian terdapat

hubungan antara kelayakan ruangan

pelayanan, non pelayanan, air bersih dan

limbah tetapi hanya berdasar keterpencilan

menurut jumlah penduduk dan lokasi

puskemas. Kesimpulan : Di Indonesia

ketersediaan fasilitas fisik Puskesmas, yaitu

tanah dan bangunan, ruangan pelayanan, non

pelayanan, air bersih, sebagian besar sudah

tersedia dengan kategori layak, baik

berdasarkan topografi, demografi maupun

geografi. Sedangkan fasilitas penanganan

limbah, sebagaian besar kategori kurang

layak. Menurut kelayakan fasilitas Puskesmas

terdapat hubungan antara kelayakan ruangan

pelayanan, non pelayanan, air bersih dan



limbah dengan keterpencilan menurut jumlah

penduduk dan lokasi puskemas.

ID: 297

121. ANALISIS DETERMINAN YANG

BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU

KONSUMSI OBAT TRADISIONAL PADA

IBU MENYUSUI DI JAWA TIMUR

Dr. Oeke Yunita, Ssi, Msi, Apt

Universitas Surabaya

Kecenderungan masyarakat Indonesia untuk

mengkonsumsi obat tradisional semakin

meningkat karena adanya persepsi bahwa

obat tradisional relatif aman. Berlawanan

dengan persepsi tersebut, ternyata obat

tradisional dapat menyebabkan efek samping

bagi para konsumennya. Kemungkinan

terjadinya efek samping obat tradisional pada

konsumen tidak hanya disebabkan karena

kualitas bahan dalam produk obat tradisional,

namun juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor

yang berhubungan dengan konsumen, antara

lain umur dan kondisi fisiologis konsumen,

misalnya menyusui.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan

analisis lanjut terhadap data Riskesdas 2010

pada ibu menyusui di Jawa Timur sehingga

dapat memperoleh determinan perilaku ibu

menyusui dalam mengkonsumsi obat

tradisional. Variabel independen meliputi usia

ibu saat interview, usia ibu saat melahirkan,

pendidikan, pekerjaan, jumlah anak, jarak

kelahiran anak terakhir dengan anak

sebelumnya dan status ekonomi. Variabel

dependen yang menyusun perilaku konsumsi

obat tradisional meliputi kebiasaan konsumsi

obat tradisional, kebiasaan minum obat

tradisional buatan sendiri, bentuk sediaan

obat tradisional dan keyakinan akan manfaat

obat tradisional.

Data Riskesdas 2010 yang telah mengalami

proses pengelompokan, editing, processing

dan cleaning, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan

analisis statistik dengan analisis regresi logistik

untuk menentukan determinan potensial yang

berhubungan dengan perilaku konsumsi obat

tradisional.

Pengolahan terhadap data Riskesdas 2010,

menunjukkan adanya 661 responden ibu

menyusui, dengan 489 (73,98%) ibu menyusui

yang pernah mengkonsumsi obat tradisional,

di mana 113 (23,11%) ibu menyusui biasa

minum obat tradisional buatan sendiri. Obat

tradisional yang dikonsumsi berbentuk

kapsul/pil/tablet (9%), seduhan/serbuk

(43,8%), rebusan/rajangan (25,6%) dan cairan

(58,5%). Sebagian besar ibu menyusui yang

pernah mengkonsumsi obat tradisional

(93,3%) menyatakan bahwa konsumsi obat

tradisional tersebut bermanfaat bagi

kesehatan.

Berdasarkan analisis regresi logistik,

determinan potensial yang berhubungan

dengan perilaku konsumsi obat tradisional

adalah jumlah anak, umur ibu saat melahirkan

dan pendidikan.

Hasil analisis lanjut ini diharapkan dapat

memberikan masukan bagi penyusun

kebijakan dan program kesehatan dalam

pengembangan sistem pharmacovigilance

bagi obat tradisional yang mempunyai efek

samping terhadap kesehatan ibu menyusui

serta bagi industri obat tradisional dalam

penentuan segmentasi produk yang sesuai

dengan perilaku konsumen ibu menyusui.


ID: 298

122. THE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT

MODEL OF INTEGRATED ERADICATION

OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL

DISEASE(COMPLETING THE MODEL

FROM FINANCING SIDE)

Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni



There are several diseases that fall into the

group of neglected diseases (Neglected

Disease) in Indonesia. There are

Leprosy/Kusta, Yaws/Frambusia, Rabies,

Japanesse encephalitis, Leptospirosis, Brain

cysticercosis and Soil Transmitted

Helminthiasis. Until now, the above-

mentioned diseases is still a public health

problem in Indonesia. Although the disease is

still quite problematic in Indonesia, but

received little attention in the control in the

absence of strategic importance for any party

and also the lack of political pressure groups

to defend his suffering. Besides these diseases

also have a lower mortality rate than TB,

malaria and HIV / AIDS, in addition to no

potential for outbreaks. The general objective

of the study is calculate the cost of an

integrated eradication (by model) on a

neglected tropical disease Leprosy/Kusta,

Yaws/Frambusia, Filariasis and disease more

caused. Expected results of this study

complement previous research (Integrated

Model Development Neglected Tropical

Diseases) from the financing side. Research

Design: Cross Sectional conducted in three

districts namely Alor (NTT), District Piddie

(Aceh), and Pekalongan (Central Java). The

study was conducted over 10 months by way

of secondary data is data tracking coverage of

disease financing program in 2010 in each of

the District Health Department . The results

showed that the cost of an integrated

eradication (by model) at the four neglected

tropical diseases in Alor District in 2010 found

as many as 813 cases by the number of

operating costs for the eradication

Rp.44.745.722 case number. In 2011 found as

many as 333 cases by the number of

operating costs for the eradication

Rp.252.860.236 case number, and the

prediction of an integrated eradication costs

in 2012 amounted to Rp.242.831.986, - an

integrated eradication fee (according to the

model) in the four neglected tropical diseases

City Pekalongan: Total cost for integrated NTD

eradication of Rp. 616,688,474 (100%) in 2011

and Rp. 648,412,313, - (98.49%) in 2012.

While the cost of an integrated eradication

(by model) at the four neglected tropical

diseases in the district Piddie in 2011

amounted to Rp. 1742334507, -, and 2012

amounted to Rp. 1,852,967,709. -.

Suggestions for programs related to the

results of this research are activities and

programs to eradicate neglected tropical

disease control in health districts and health

centers reactivated, it is necessary financing

of the division of authority at central level,

provincial and district levels so that the costs

do not occur in the district, need role active in

other sectors such as education, water supply

and other related sectors in the eradication

and prevention activities, maximizing the BOK

funding for case finding activities in endemic

areas that lack operational costs, increase

activity so that limited funds of health

promotion integrated counseling in health

centers can be controlled, and training of

health supporting staff and personnel

associated with the program of neglected

tropical diseases more enhanced frequency

and done routinely.



ID: 303

123. IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI DOTS

(DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT

SHORTCOURSE) DU RSD DR. SOEBANDI

KABUPATEN JEMBER PROVINSI JAWA

TIMUR TAHUN 2010

Hajar Sugihantoro, Rustamaji, Cahya

Purnama

Manajemen dan Kebijakan Obat Program

Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Fakultas Kedokteran UGM Jl. Farmako

Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta

Latar Belakang : WHO (2009), menempatkan

Indonesia sebagai penyumbang TB terbesar

nomor 5 di dunia setelah India, Cina, Afika

Selatan, dan Nigeria. Setiap 100.000

penduduk Indonesia terdapat 130 penderita

baru TB paru BTA positif. Cara yang paling

efektif memberantas penyakit TB paru adalah

dengan menggunakan obat kombinasi OAT.

Salah satu metode pengobatan TB yakni

dengan DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment

ShortCourse), yang merupakan strategi

pengobatan dari WHO. Dalam penerapan

DOTS terdiri dari 5 strategi yakni, komitmen

pemerintah dan semua pihak, diagnosis

mikroskopis, ketersediaan OAT berkelanjutan,

pengobatan jangka panjang dengan PMO dan

pencatatan serta pelaporan. Pola pencarian

pengobatan pasien tuberkulosis sekitar 60%

untuk pertama kali melakukan pengobatan ke

rumah sakit. Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan

program DOTS di daerah, maka perlu

dilakukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi

keberhasilan pengobatan TB di RS daerah

yakni di RSD dr. Soebandi Jember sebagai

rumah sakit rujukan daerah Jawa Timur

bagian timur.

Tujuan : Menggambarkan pelaksanaan

program DOTS TB di RSD dr.Soebandi Jember

yang meliputi strategi, ketepatan serta

kekuatan dan kelemahan pelaksanaan DOTS

TB di RSD dr.Soebandi Jember.

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian

deskriptif menggunakan metode kualitatif dan

kuantitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus.

Data didapatkan dengan cara melakukan

wawancara, observasi dan telaah dokumen

data pasien TB dari kartu TB.

Hasil Penelitian : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian

didapatkan bahwa pasien tuberkulosis 70%

terdapat pada usia produktif 13-50 tahun. 5

strategi DOTS telah dijalankan dengan hasil

sebagai berikut, komitmen politik pemerintah

dan RS telah tertuang dalam SK Dinkes dan

RS. Diagnostik secara mikroskopis telah

dilakukan sebagai dasar diagnosa pasien TB.

Ketersediaan obat dijamin oleh obat program

dari DinKes dan pihak RS menyediakan

cadangan apabila terjadi kekosongan.

Pencatatan dan pelaporan telah dilakukan di

kartu TB berdasarkan panduan pencatatan

dari DepKes. Pengobatan jangka panjang

dengan PMO di RS sudah dilakukan tetapi

belum optimal karena keterbatasan SDM dari

dalam Tim DOTS RS. Hasil pengobatan pasien

TB di RSD dr Soebandi Jember tahun 2010

yakni angka kesembuhan 62% masih kurang

dari standar 85%, dan angka default 33%

melebihi dari standar maksimal 10%,

sedangkan angka gagal 2% masih dibawah

standar maksimal 4%. Kesimpulan :

Pelaksanaan DOTS TB di RSD dr. Soebandi

Jember sudah berjalan tapi belum optimal

karena hasil yang didapat belum memenuhi

standar dari Depkes dalam Pedoman Nasional

Penanggulangan tuberkulosis.

Kata Kunci : tuberkulosis, DOTS, rumah sakit,

strategi.


ID: 304

124. EVALUATION OF RATIONAL DRUG

USE WITH STANDARD TREATMENT

GUIDELINE IN SOME DISEASES IN

OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN

PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI REGENCY

HOSPITAL, BANTU

Rahmayanti Fitriah, Siti Munawaroh, Sri

Suryawati

Manajemen dan Kebijakan Obat Program

Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Fakultas Kedokteran UGM Jl. Farmako

Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta

Background: To achieve satisfactory medical

services, good prescription is important. Good

prescription requires diagnostic accuracy and

appropriateness in medicine choice. To

ensure the quality of therapy, standard

treatment guideline essential towards rational

use of medicine. Thus, evaluation on rational

use of medicine should be carried to focus on

quality of therapy.

Aim: To analyze the appropriateness of

medicine use with standard treatment as

guideline for low back pain (LBP), pulmonary

tuberculosis (TB), urinary tract infections (UTI)

in outpatient department in Panembahan

Senopati Regency Hospital, Bantul.

Methods: Descriptive case study design was

applied, using qualitative and quantitative

data. Qualitative data were obtained by in-

depth interview while quantitative data were

gathered from document observation. Data

collected by conducting in-depth interviews

for qualitative data, and for quantitative data

were gathered from documents observation.

Results: On LBP, average number of drugs per

prescription was 2.66 items, percentage of

generic drugs was 74.3%, percentage of

antimicrobials was 1.7%, percentage of

injection was 72.7%, percentage of drugs

formulary was 88.2%, percentage of drugs

prescribed from essential drugs list was

18.5%, percentage of therapeutic guideline

was 71%, percentage of psychotropic drugs

was 12.7%, percentage of systemic steroid

was 6,3%. While Pulmonary TB, average

number of drugs per prescription was 3.15

items, percentage of generic drugs 56.4%,

percentage of antimicrobials was 100%,

percentage of injection was 0%, percentage of

drugs formulary was 100%, percentage of

drugs prescribed from essential drugs list was


was 71.8%, percentage of psychotropic drugs

was 0%, percentage of systemic steroid was

0%. For UTI, average number of drugs per

prescription was 1.75 items, percentage of

generic drugs 69.5%, percentage of

antimicrobials was 92%, percentage of

injection was 0%, percentage of drugs

formulary was 94.3%, percentage of drugs

prescribed from essential drugs list was


was 54.8%, percentage of psychotropic drugs

was 1.3%, percentage of systemic steroid was

1.3%.

Conclusion : Pattern of drug prescription in

Panembahan Senopati regency hospital,

Bantul with standard treatment guideline for

LBP, Pulmonary TB, UTI was not yet rational.

Usage of standard treatment guideline as

managerial tools and the quality of standard

treatment guideline itself should be

periodically improved.

Keywords : rational use of medicine, standard

treatment guideline, low back pain,

pulmonary tuberculosis, urinary tract

infections.

FACTORS INFLUENCE MIDWIVES TO REFFER PREGNANT WOMEN UNDERGO VCT : STIGMA IS AROUND US

Dinar Lubis1, LPL Wulandari1,

Kadek Tresna Adhi2, Putu Suariyani2

1 Postgraduate School of Public Health ,2 School of Public Health Udayana University, Bali

POINT OF PRESENTATION

Background Methodology Result

BACKGROUND

• Epidemic ia slowly moving from concentrated to general population.

– Based of the development cases of HIV among pregnant women, it shows a steady increase from 0.2% in 2009 into 0.5% in 2010.

6 1125 25

81

138

238

442

563

643

713

0 6 1 3 823 21 17 27

14 5

3862 62 60

78

11998 104

6442

280 0 0 0 0 2 7 11 18 28 32

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Bisexual Heterosexual Homosexual IDU Perinatal Unknown

REPORTED HIV AND AIDS CASES TO BALI PROVINCE HEALTH DEPARTMENT 2000 - 2010

Source : Bali Health Province

Accumulated HIV cases by age in Bali, from 1987-March 2011

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

39 79 9 95

1,958

1,546

499

144 30

< 1 1-4 5 - 14

15 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39

Source : Bali Health Office

36

17 16

31

37

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Number of Pregnant Women Undergo PMTCT Clinic in Sanglah Hospital (2005-2010)

Source: PMTCT Clinic, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar

TOTAL 2005- 2011: 118

Refer by Midwives

PMTCT Project

• PMTCT program has been establish since 5 years ago in Bali. One of the program is to integrate ANC services and HIV program in community health centre and in midwives private clinics.

• Involvement of midwives in the early detection of HIV among pregnant women (ANC) in Bali Province

• in Bali is extremely effective as 60% of pregnant women prefer to seek support from midwives.

Involving Midwives in HIV project

Timeline Number of Midwives trained

Number of midwives who referred

Number of pregnantwomen undergo VCT

Number of Pregnant Women (+)

March 2009- Marc h 2010

102 trained

29 Midwives 74 and 250 one weekmobile clinic

3 women

July – Dec 2010

70 Refresher course

88 Midwives 400 women 4 women

RESEARCH QUESTION

• What barriers are faced by midwives to refer pregnant women undergo VCT?

Predisposing factors : knowledge, attitutebelieve, number of patients, training and age of midwives

Enaibling Factors: access to health facility, form , etc

ReinforcingFactor:characteristic of of patients, support from IBI, Health Distict, peers, NGO, AidsCommision, and punishment

Pregnant women are referred to

undergo VCT by Midwives

Adapted from Lawrence Green

Research Methodology

• Type of Study : Qualitative, cross sectional study

• Data collection : 2 Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

• Participants : Midwives who formerly participated in PMTCT project run by Kerti PrajaFoundation and DenpasarMunicipality Health Department in Bali.

• A guideline questions was used to assess barrier of midwives referred pregnant women to VCT clinics.

• Analysis data: Thematic analysis

RESULT

Theme 1 • “………..Biar dia bisa kunjungan ke VCT dan sayatidak pernah ngasi tau, ininya... untukpemeriksaan HIV. Saya ndak bisa saya kasi tau gitu. Karena kadang-kadang takut. Saya kan tau bagaimana pasien HIV. Sehingga saya Cumabilang periksa darah. Khusus untuk ibu hamilgratis gitu tyang bilang….”

• “……….Cuman saya kasi penjelasannya itu masihterselubung. Takut ketersinggungan danditolak……………”

• “…………Ibu hamil tidak mau melaksanakan teskarena dia takut hasilnya. Lebih baik gak tau. Gitu ya... banyak sekali sebenarnya kendalaya…….”

• “…ndak mau dah kalau namanya test HIV……”• “ stigmanya, konotansinya sudah jelek” asalkan

HIV, udah ngak benar dah pola hidupnya…………”

Fear of reluctant due to strong stigma of HIV,

THEME 2• “………Karena memang karena

banyaknya program yang baru turun ya. Terutama anak, ibu, sehingga untuk merujuk lagi sudah gak dah. Terus terang gak dah. Terakhir ini saya gak pernah merujuk lagi ibu hamil….”

• “…Kebetulan yang di wilayah saya itu gak melayani melahirkan. Jadi ibu hamil jarang periksa ke pws tu. Sehingga kendalanya itu, saya nyari kunjungan rumah saya nyario pasiennya untuk suruh ke VCT. Jadi waktu diperlukan untuk gini apa.....”

Time and working load of midwives,

THEME 3Lack of Access to VCT clinic

“………..kan agak jauh ke VCT. Nah mungkin disitu adahambatan sedikit masalatransportasi mungkin pasiennya. Karena dia itu kan sering jalandia periksa. Mungkin ndakdianter suami gitu ……..”

“………..Karena masalah waktujam kerja. kan mayoritas ibu ibuhamil bekerja. Jadi jam kerjanyaga nyambung sama kita. Kita ada waktu buat kunjungan, yang bersangkutan tidak ada………”

THEME 4 • “……..Saya ke situ (klinikVCT) tidak ada yang nganter. Suami kerja. Kalaugitu kira kumpul dulu dirumah saya, “ndak bolehsama suami saya”

Lack of Husband Support

Conclusion • Fear of reluctant from pregnant women indicated that stigma of HIV is still appear both among midwives and pregnant women and husband.

• Working load and lack of time from midwife should be consider if wanting to integrate VCT and ANC services in one stop health services.

Acknowledgment

THANK YOU

Documents

Dear Dinar Lubiserepo.unud.ac.id/id/eprint/26854/1/5d22bec8e064e9b73b2d6...Dear Dinar Lubis , Notification of Acceptance: Abstract Subbmission for presentation Congratulation! We are