Dealing With High Water Age (1)

8/16/2019 Dealing With High Water Age (1)

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Dealing with High Water Age in a

Water Distribution System

Dan Barr, PEDan Barr, PE

Ohio AWWA Southeast District Fall Meeting

Thursday, November ! , "!#


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$ntroduction

• What is water age?

• Why do we care about it?

• What causes it?

• What can we do about it?

• What can we do about it’s

effects?

• What is water age?

• Why do we care about it?

• What causes it?

• What can we do about it?

• What can we do about it’s

effects?


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What is Water Age%

Defined as the time period that aparticular unit of water is traveling in

the distribution system before it leaves

that system

Defined as the time period that aparticular unit of water is traveling in

the distribution system before it leaves

that system


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What is Water Age%

• !ormally measured in hours or days through

water "uality computer modeling

• #annot be directly measured

• #an be indirectly measured

• !ormally measured in hours or days through

water "uality computer modeling

• #annot be directly measured

• #an be indirectly measured


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Why Do We &are About $t%

$urface Water

• %igh Disinfection Byproducts

• &ow #hlorine 'esiduals

(round Water

• Pipe #orrosion

• #olor • &ow #hlorine 'esiduals

$urface Water

• %igh Disinfection Byproducts

• &ow #hlorine 'esiduals

(round Water

• Pipe #orrosion

• #olor • &ow #hlorine 'esiduals


6/30

121

2

3

4

56

7

8

9

10

11

Why Do We &are About $t%

What is too old?What is too old?


7/30

Why Do Systems Have High Water Age%

)ire protection re"uirements increase water age)ire protection re"uirements increase water age

'i(e )olume *(er mile+

Pipe Diameter *+ + -+ .+ /0+ /*+ /.+

(allons .-* 1,-- 2,233 /1,2.- */,30 1/,0/4 -4,24*

&arger pipes and storage for fires has a significanteffect on water age especially for smaller

systems or pressure 5ones

&arger pipes and storage for fires has a significanteffect on water age especially for smaller

systems or pressure 5ones


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#ustomer 6sage has dropped

• #onservation

• Population and businesses leaving

• $easonal variations

#ustomer 6sage has dropped

• #onservation

• Population and businesses leaving

• $easonal variations


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$i5ing for future growth or customers$i5ing for future growth or customers


10/30

What &an e Done to -ower Water Age%

• Proper storage si5ing

• 7ncreased tan8 turnover

• 'erouting flows

• )lushing

• 7ncrease demands and pressure 5one bleeders

• 'educe piping

• Eliminate dead ends

• Proper storage si5ing

• 7ncreased tan8 turnover

• 'erouting flows

• )lushing• 7ncrease demands and pressure 5one bleeders

• 'educe piping

• Eliminate dead ends


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9 storage and pumping analysis should include: Distribution system capabilities during critical

conditions

#urrent and future storage;pumping re"uirements District by district re"uirements

7ncorporates minimum turnover re"uirements

9 storage and pumping analysis should include: Distribution system capabilities during critical

conditions

#urrent and future storage;pumping re"uirements

District by district re"uirements

7ncorporates minimum turnover re"uirements


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balancing and

turnover

)ire Protection =utages

The

Three&om(onents

o. Storage

The

Three&om(onents

o. Storage


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'erouting )lows

7nvolves closing valves to force water through

high water age areas Watch shifting water ageproblems to other places

Water models can helppredict result

'erouting )lows

7nvolves closing valves to force water through

high water age areas Watch shifting water ageproblems to other places

Water models can helppredict result


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7ncreased $torage


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)lushing

• 7ncreased flow reduces water age

• %ow much water will need wasted?

• Aany situations re"uire too much water to

be wasted

)lushing

• 7ncreased flow reduces water age

• %ow much water will need wasted?

• Aany situations re"uire too much water to

be wasted


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7ncrease Demands

• 9dd customers

• Aove pressure 5one boundaries

• 9dd bleeders

7ncrease Demands

• 9dd customers

• Aove pressure 5one boundaries

• 9dd bleeders


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9bandon or reduce piping

• alve off piping

• 'eplace mains with smaller ones

9bandon or reduce piping

• alve off piping

• 'eplace mains with smaller ones


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Eliminate Dead Ends by &ooping

• 9dds capacity and fire protection

• E@pensive and easements re"uired

Eliminate Dead Ends by &ooping

• 9dds capacity and fire protection

• E@pensive and easements re"uired


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#omputer models help by:

• #hec8ing results before changes made

• &ocate high water age areas without as

much sampling

• &ocate fresh water to help indentify

solutions

#omputer models help by:

• #hec8ing results before changes made

• &ocate high water age areas without as

much sampling

• &ocate fresh water to help indentify

solutions


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What &an e Done about its /..ects%

•


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23/30


#hlorine Boosting

• 'emote low level sodium hypochlorite feed

• !=CDE$ flushing

#hlorine Boosting


• !=CDE$ flushing


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#hlorine Boosting and )lushing


• #hlorine tablets• !=CDE$ flushing

• )lushing

#hlorine Boosting and )lushing


•#hlorine tablets• !=CDE$ flushing

• )lushing


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#orrosion #ontrol

• 9dd inhibitors or increase dosage

• #hange treatment to stabili5e water

#orrosion #ontrol

• 9dd inhibitors or increase dosage

•#hange treatment to stabili5e water


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Water Aain 'ehabilitation or 'eplacement

• Aaterial choices

• Diameter reductions• 7nternal coatings

Water Aain 'ehabilitation or 'eplacement

• Aaterial choices

•Diameter reductions• 7nternal coatings


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0ecent &urrent /vents

$ummary =f a?

9 7nformation available to EP9 indicates that fire hydrants

can be, and are, used in emergency situations to provide

drin8ing water when there are disruptions to the normaloperations of the drin8ing water distribution system


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1ury Finds 'i(e Ma2er De.rauded 3overnments 9 federal ury in #alifornia found on


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•


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&onclusion and Summary

9ny uestions?

Dan Barr

#ell -/C-11C30*4

danbarrGburgessniplecomwwwlin8edincom;in;danbarratburgessandniple;

Water Distribution System 'ro.essionals

-in2ed$n 3rou(

9ny uestions?

Dan Barr#ell -/C-11C30*4

danbarr Gburgessniplecomwwwlin8edincom;in;danbarratburgessandniple;

Water Distribution System 'ro.essionals

-in2ed$n 3rou(
mailto:[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/in/danbarratburgessandniple/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/in/danbarratburgessandniple/http://www.linkedin.com/in/danbarratburgessandniple/http://www.linkedin.com/in/danbarratburgessandniple/mailto:[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/in/danbarratburgessandniple/http://www.linkedin.com/in/danbarratburgessandniple/mailto:[email protected]

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Dealing With High Water Age (1)