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Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York Collaborative Deer Management Outreach Initiative

Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

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Page 1: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS

Dr. Paul D. CurtisDepartment of Natural Resources Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New YorkCollaborative Deer Management Outreach Initiative

Page 2: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Problems Caused by Deer Overpopulation

Page 3: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources
Page 4: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

150+ Human Fatalities per year

Page 5: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Ways to Reduce DRVAs

• Education for motorists is important• Use extra caution while driving during Oct., Nov., and Dec.

• Be careful when driving at dawn or dusk• Note areas with deer crossing signs and places where deer cross roads

• Scan the roadsides for eye reflections• Manage herd density where possible

Page 6: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Seasonal Trends in DVCs

Page 7: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Bells and Whistles…Don’t Work!

Page 8: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Black‐legged (‘Deer’) TickIxodes scapularis

Male and female

Nymph

Larva

Iowa State Univ.

Page 9: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Lone Star TickAmblyomma americanum

Male

Female

Nymph & larvae

• Birds• Mammals

1st documented  Long Is (Montauk) 1971 (Good 1973)1st documented Fire Is.1988 (Ginsburg et al. 2002)

Page 10: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Pathogens, Hosts, Vectors, ReservoirsPathogen Disease Tick

VectorReservoir

E. chaffeensis HME(Erlichiosis)

Lone star deer

A. phagocytophilum HGE(Anaplasmosis)

BL,Am. dog

deer, small mammals(w-f mouse)

B. burgdorferi Lyme(Borreliosis)

BL rodents

B. microti Babesiosis BL w-f mouse, rodents

Bartonella spp. Bartonella BL? rodents, cats, cattle, dogs

Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Jul;13(3):428‐38Emerging Inf. Diseases CDC Mar 2010 16(3)J Clin Microbiol ,Aug.1992,p.2097‐2103http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/book/welcome.htm 

BL = blacklegged (deer) tick

Page 11: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Lyme Disease Figures Reported to CDC:New York State

Source: http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/chartstables/reportedcases_statelocality.html

Page 12: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Managing Lyme Disease

• Direct reductions in deer densities (??)

• Fencing to exclude deer from sensitive areas (parks, playgrounds, etc.)

• Self‐application of acaricidesto deer via 4‐Poster Device (only on LI)

• Landscaping changes

Page 13: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Create a Tick‐Safe Zone

Page 14: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Deer Management Toolbox

No Population Control• Hands‐off

• Damage control 

repellents

fencing

• Feeding illegal 

Population Control

Lethal methods

• Predator introduction

• Capture and kill

• Bait and shoot

• Traditional hunting

• Controlled hunting

• Commercial hunting??

Non‐lethal methods

• Habitat alteration

• Capture and relocation

• Fertility control

transient

permanent 

Page 15: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Deer Population Reductions

• Recreational hunting• Deer Damage Permits• DMAP Permits• Special urban deer permits

Page 16: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Fertility Control

• Experimental• Theoretically possible

• Rose petal hypothesis• Unproven in the field

• Biologically feasible?• Economically practical?

• Females only• Limited scale• Maintenance required

Page 17: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

IPM

Plant selection

Populationmanagement

Fencing Repellents

Management Options

Page 18: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Factors Influencing Deer Feeding Pressure

• Deer population density• Food and cover sources• Travel corridors• Alternative foods• Season and weather• Deer nutrition• Plant palatability and nutrients

• Previous experience

Page 19: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Reducing Plant Damage

• Repellents may work when deer pressure and damage is light

• Fencing provides reliable control when deer damage is moderate to heavy

• Manage herd density • Choose plants that are less attractive to deer if possible

Page 20: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Commercial Deer Repellents

• BGR Deer‐Away• Hinder• Deer‐Off• Chew‐Not• Bonide Rabbit/Deer Repellent• Hot Sauce Repellent• Tree Guard• Spotrete‐F

Page 21: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources
Page 22: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources
Page 23: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources
Page 24: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Deer Exclusion Alternatives

• 8‐foot barrier fences• Individual plant protection• Electric fences

Page 25: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Baited Electric Deer Fence

Page 26: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Northeastern Woody Ornamentals Rarely Damaged by Deer

Paper BirchCommon BoxwoodRussian OliveAmerican HollyDrooping LeucothoeColorado Blue SpruceJapanese Pieris

Page 27: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Northeastern Woody Ornamentals Frequently Severely Damaged

Balsam fir  RhododendronsFrasier fir Evergreen azaleasEnglish ivy Pinxterbloom azaleaNorway maple European mountain ashEastern Redbud YewsAtlantic white cedar American arborvitaeClematis Hybrid tea roseCornelian dogwood Winter creeperWinged Euonymus CherriesApples Plums

Page 28: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources
Page 29: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Bulb Varieties in the Trial• Narcissus‐ Carlton, Ice Follies, Tete a Tete, Minnow • Hyacinth‐ Pink Pearl, Carnegie• Crocus‐ Pickwick• Allium‐ Caruleum, Christophi, Sphaerocephalon, Ivory Queen, Purple Sensation, Neapolitanum

• Iris‐ Buchaica, Blue Diamond, Reticulata JS Dyt and Pauline• Fritillaria‐ Imperalis Rubra Max, Persica• Colchicum‐ The Giant• Chionodoxa‐ Forbesii• Galanthus‐ Nivalis Single• Camassia‐ Leigh Coer• Arum‐ Italicum• Muscari‐ Armeniacum• Scilla‐ Siberica• Tulips‐ Turkestanica, Tarda Dasystemon, Apeldoorm, Monte Carlo 

Page 30: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

Deer Damage by Bulb Genus

151413121110987654321

1.0

0.5

0.0

Genus

Mea

n of

Dam

age

1 Hyacinth2 Tulip3 Narcissus4 Crocus5 Iris “Blue D”6 Allium7 Arum8 Camassia9 Chionodoxa10 Colchicum11 Fritillaria12 Galanthus13 Iris14 Muscari15 Scilla

Page 31: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

• Exclusion provides the best long‐term deer control

• Repellents provide limited short‐term control

• Choose ornamental plants carefully to reduce damage

• Scare devices are usually ineffective

• Hunting of female deer should be encouraged where possible to lower impacts

Urban Deer Management Summary

Page 32: Dealing with Deer Impacts and Suburban Damage in New York · 2015-11-19 · Dealing with Deer Impacts and Damage to Crops in NYS Dr. Paul D. Curtis Department of Natural Resources

For More Informationhttp://wildlifecontrol.infoFor PDF files and fact sheets