DE Science Elementary

Force, Motion, and Energy

                                                                                         

Friction – The Big Ideas

• Friction is a force that resists the motion of two objects rubbing together.

• Friction reduces the motion produced by a force.• Oily or greasy substances reduce friction on other

objects.• Rubber and similar substances increase friction.• The roughness or smoothness of two surfaces rubbing

against each other determines the amount of friction.• Friction often produces heat.

                                                                                         

Friction – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Friction• Video: Friction• Video: Friction on the Ground and in the Air

                                                                                         

Thermal Energy – The Big Ideas

• Adding heat to matter causes the motion of molecules in that matter to speed up.

• Heat is a form of energy.• Heat energy can be produced by light being absorbed

by a surface.• Heat energy can be produced by the friction of two

surfaces rubbing together.• Heat energy can be produced by chemical reactions.

                                                                                         

Thermal Energy – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Thermal Energy•Video: Heat• Video: Heat: The Flow of Energy from One Thing to Another

                                                                                         

Waves – The Big Ideas

• Waves are motion energy flowing through matter.

• Energy is often transmitted as waves.• Waves travel outward from their source.• Some waves are visible, but others are too

small to be seen.

                                                                                         

Waves – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Waves• Video: Radiation and the Sun• Video: Electromagnetic Waves and the Sun’s Rays

                                                                                         

Sound Waves – The Big Ideas

• Sound is energy that travels in the form of waves away from a vibrating object.

• Sound waves travel through all three states of matter.

• Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum, which has no matter.

                                                                                         

Sound Waves – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Sound Waves• Video: How is Sound Made?• Video: Sound

                                                                                         

Light Energy – The Big Ideas• Light is a form of energy.• Light travels in electromagnetic waves.• Frequency, wavelength, and amplitude are

characteristics of light waves.• Light travels faster than anything else in the universe.• Light waves can travel through some solids, liquids, and

gases.• Light waves can travel through a vacuum.

                                                                                         

Light Energy – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Light Energy•Video: Light: A Visible Form of Energy• Video: Properties of Light Waves

                                                                                         

Reflection – The Big Ideas• Light waves are reflected evenly by a smooth shiny

surface.• Light waves are scattered unevenly by a rough surface.

                                                                                         

Reflection – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Reflection•Video: Light Reflection: Dependent on Surface• Video: Light Sources and Observations

                                                                                         

Refraction – The Big Ideas• Light waves refract, or bend, as they pass through

transparent materials.• Refraction means that light bends as it travels from one

transparent material into another.• Lenses refract light.• The shapes of lenses refract light in different ways.• A convex lens is thicker in its middle, bending light rays

that pass through it together to a focal point.• A concave lens is thinner it its middle, spreading light

rays apart as they pass through it. • A prism refracts different wavelengths at different angles,

producing a spectrum of color.

                                                                                         

Refraction – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Refraction•Video: Mirrors and Lenses• Video: Refraction

                                                                                         

Current Electricity – The Big Ideas• Electricity flows through a circuit to light light bulbs and cause other

things to work.• An electric current is a steady flow of charged particles.• Electrically charged particles moving in a current must have a

closed circuit path.• Circuits usually include wires made of metal and other materials that

conduct electricity.• Metals such as copper and iron readily conduct electricity and are

used in wires to help the flow of electricity.• Insulators, such as rubber and wood, conduct electricity very poorly.• Electrical energy can be changed to other forms of energy, such as

a toaster turning electrical energy into heat.

                                                                                         

Current Electricity – Using DE Science Content

• Exploration: Electric Current•Video: Circuits• Video: Electrical Flow