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The Potter Box is an ethical framework used to make decisions by utilizing four categories which Potter identifies as universal to all ethical dilemmas. Potter was a theologian when he developed this moral reasoning framework. The Potter Box uses four dimensions of moral analysis to help in situations where ethical dilemmas occur: Facts, Values, Principles, and Loyalties as described below. The Potter Box consists of a few simple steps, which can be completed in any order. You may also move between the steps several times before an adequate decision is made. The steps are numbered for simplicity's sake, and it may help you to organize the steps into quadrants (Cliff Christens came up with this idea). Definition / Facts The definition stage of the Potter Box concerns the facts of the issue at hand. Here is where the analyst should set out all facts without making judgments or hiding any facts. Example: Using a photograph of a car wreck to promote safe driving, making it visible to the target viewers. Values At this stage the analyst should state and compare the merits of different values to acknowledge the influences on decision- making. By referring to the specific concerns of the individuals involved, it allows the analyst to identify differences in perspectives. We may judge something according to aesthetic values (harmonious, pleasing), professional values (innovative, prompt), logical values (consistent, competent), sociocultural values (thrift, hard work), and moral values (honesty, nonviolence). Example (continued)- Will the shock value of the images encourage safe driving habits? Will the images stir up potentially disturbing memories for certain people? Why? The London station valued legal orderliness. US newspaper the operating professional value was not to suppress news. Each value influences our discourse and reasoning on moral questions

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The Potter Box is an ethical framework used to make decisions by utilizing four categories

which Potter identifies as universal to all ethical dilemmas. Potter was a theologian when he

developed this moral reasoning framework. The Potter Box uses four dimensions of moral

analysis to help in situations where ethical dilemmas occur: Facts, Values, Principles, and

Loyalties as described below. The Potter Box consists of a few simple steps, which can be

completed in any order. You may also move between the steps several times before an adequate

decision is made. The steps are numbered for simplicity's sake, and it may help you to organize

the steps into quadrants (Cliff Christens came up with this idea).

Definition / Facts

The definition stage of the Potter Box concerns the facts of the issue at hand. Here is where the

analyst should set out all facts without making judgments or hiding any facts. Example: Using a

photograph of a car wreck to promote safe driving, making it visible to the target viewers.

Values

At this stage the analyst should state and compare the merits of different values to acknowledge

the influences on decision-making. By referring to the specific concerns of the individuals

involved, it allows the analyst to identify differences in perspectives. We may judge something

according to aesthetic values (harmonious, pleasing), professional values (innovative, prompt),

logical values (consistent, competent), sociocultural values (thrift, hard work), and moral values

(honesty, nonviolence).

Example (continued)- Will the shock value of the images encourage safe driving habits? Will the

images stir up potentially disturbing memories for certain people?

Why? The London station valued legal orderliness. US newspaper the operating professional

value was not to suppress news. Each value influences our discourse and reasoning on moral

questions

Principles

Principii etice

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Principles are ethical philosophies or modes of ethical reasoning that may be applicable to the

situation. By considering the values stated above from several ethical philosophies, the decision-

maker is better equipped to understand the situation. The following are some of the ethical

philosophies that may be utilized under this segment of Potter's Box:

Aristotle's Golden Mean. Aristotle's Golden Mean defines moral virtue as a middle state

determined practical wisdom that emphasizes moderation and temperance.

Confucius' Golden Mean. Confucius' Golden Mean is more commonly known as the

compromise principle and says moral virtue is the appropriate location between two

extremes.

Kant's Categorical Imperative. Kant's Categorical Imperative dictates that you must do

unto others what you would want them to do unto you, or to act as if your personal decisions

and actions could become universal law.

Mill's Principle of Utility. John Stuart Mill's Principle of Utility dictates that we must seek

the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Rawls' Veil of Ignorance. John Rawls' Veil of Ignorance asks us to assume we don't know

which stakeholder position we would find ourselves in, removing our personal interests from

the analysis.

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Agape Principle. This principle, also known as the Judeo-Christian, 'Persons as Ends'

principle, emphasizes love for our fellow humans and the golden rule. He stresses that when

we love our neighbors, we shall seek to do good to them, therefore, we should love fellow

humans the same way we love ourselves.

These help link concrete options to overarching principles, getting us to think about our own

basic values.

The tv station- principle of other-regarding that ment protecting the victim’s right to privacy

The newspaper invoked truthtelling as an ehical imperative, do the greatest good for the greatest

number, even if innocent people such as the murderers’ families might be harmed.

Loyalties

Loyalties concern who the decision-maker has allegiances or loyalties to. For example, in

journalism, the first allegiance is always to the public. Other allegiances a journalist might have

would be to his or her employer, industry organizations or co-workers. Are we more concerned

about being true to our own values or about the effectiveness of the campaign? Is the "greater

good" more important than the "golden mean"?

The station acted sympathetically toward the juvenile offenders

The newspaper- for its readership in general

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Understanding Values

To understand the Potter Box method, you must first understand types of Values categorized that

influence Ethical behavior:

Professional. Proximity, Firstness, Impact/ magnitude, Recency, Conflict, Human Interest,

Entertainment, Novelty, Toughness, Thoroughness, Immediacy, Independence, No prior

restraint, Public’s right to know

Moral Values. Truth-telling, Humanness, Justice/fairness, Freedom, Independence, Stewardship,

Honesty, Nonviolence, Commitment, Self-control

Aesthetic. Harmonious, Pleasing, Imaginative

Logical. Consistent, Competent, Knowledgeable

Socio-cultural. Thrift, Hard work, Energy, Restraint

Five Categories of Obligation

1. Duty to ourselves

2. Duty to clients / subscribers / supporters

3. Duty to our organization or firm

4. Duty to professional colleagues

5. Duty to society

Principiul de la care pornește Kant este acela că fiecare persoană în parte trebuie să se

comporte ca și cum ceea ce fac ar putea deveni valoare universală. Pentru el, cel mai important

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lucru sunt bunele intenții. Deontologismul abordării asupra moralităţii se bazează pe faptul de a

fi o acțiune bună sau rea, ci nu pe consecințele pe care aceasta de produce. Aplicat în situația de

față, atât agenția cât și brandul încalcă principiile morale prin faptul că se folosesc de oameni

pentru a obține un anumit lucru. Acest aspect este observat de către organizația Wizo care o

consideră pe Bar Refaeli doar un mijloc de a-și atrage publicul, prin expunerea acesteia în

ipostaze indecente, nefiind nicio legătură între produsul promovat și dansul la bară executat de

femeie. Astfel, putem să punem întrebarea “În ce măsură compania și agenția de publicitate au ca

scuză faptul că reclama trebuie să vândă?”. Potrivit principiului kantian, publicitatea nu poate fi

scuzată de încălcarea unor principii etice doar pentru a-și atinge scopurile pentru că ignoră ideea

de bune intenții asupra celorlalţi.

Cea de-a doua abordare filosofică ce încadrează situația prezentată este principiul utilității.

Utilitarismul consecinționist sau modern provine de la cei doi filosofi britanici, Jeremy Bentham

și John Stuart Mill. Această filosofie are la bază ideea că de fiecare dată trebuie să luăm decizia

care aduce cele mai puține consecințe negative. De asemenea, utilitarismul se referă la

„principiul celei mai mari fericiri” care caută să promoveze capacitatea de a atinge fericirea

pentru cât mai mult persoane din jurul nostru. Cu alte cuvinte, acest principiu sugerează faptul că

în primă instanță oamenii analizează în cea mai precaută manieră posibilă consecințele a

numeroase opțiuni pe care le au. Este important cât de mult beneficiează din acea alegere, dar și

cât au de suferit de pe urma acesteia asupra lor și a celor din jur. După terminarea acestui proces

mental, fiecare este obligat moral să aleagă varianta care maximizează câștigul sau minimizează

pierderea. Astfel, cel care întreprinde în mod conștient o acțione contrară poate fi acuzat de o

direcție neetică.

Din perspectiva celor care judecă reclama a fi nepotrivită putem identifica principiul

formulat de John Rawls. Acest filosof afirmă faptul că empatizăm mai mult cu cei care sunt cei

mai afectați de decizia pe care o luăm, punându-se în situația în care am fi putut fi noi cei care

am putea suferi. Astfel că David Regev respect acest principiu etic și recunoaște faptul că

reclama formează o imagine negativă asupra femeii în general. El menționează faptul c ăacest

gen de promovarea ar trebui oprit sa udifuzat într-un interval orar în care copii nu au acces la

televizor.

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Values