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Presentation On
Training at
DDK-PATNA
Submitted By:- Niraj KUMARE.C. (C-1)BBDIT
HISTORY
1. Doordarshan = Distant + Show 2. One of the largest broadcasting organizations in
India in terms of the infrastructure of studios and transmitters.
3. Doordarshan is a public broadcast terrestrial Channel run by Prasarbharati
4. Broadcasting started in India in the year 1923
5. 1st T.V Station was established in Delhi in 1959
6. T.V was separated from AIR in 19767. DD has 1500 Transmitters and 70 Production centers
across the Country.
INTRODUCTION
Broadcasting:
Process of sending information to a distant place is called Broadcasting.
Means of Broadcasting in India:1.Terrestrial 2.Satellite3.Internet
Both AIR & DD make use of both Terrestrial & satellite.
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
TV STUDIO
TRANSMISSION
Some facts about Doordarshan!!!
1.Directly works Under Government Policies .
2. India’s National TV Channel / wireless Broadcasting
Media ( DD National/ DD News / DD sports Etc. )
3. Free To Air Service provider.
4.Not in the race of TRP.
5.Program that comes have information as well as moral
values.
6.Always provide authentic news .
CONTENTS
1.Television Standard
2.Studio
3.Camera
1.Television Standard2.Studio3.Camera4.Television Lighting5.Acoustic System6.Vision Mixture7.MSR8.Transmitter9.Earth Station10.Process of Transmission
Television Standard
• NTSC-National television standards committee(US) (525 Horizontal & 60 vertical lines)
• SECAM-System electronics for colour avec memory (FRANCE)(625 vertical & 50horizantal lines)
• PAL- Phase Alternating lines(GERMANY)(625 horizontal & 50 vertical line)
Television standards used in India is PAL
PAL ENCODER & DECODER
•Input is the primary colour (i.e.
red, green, blue) into matrix circuit
as Y, R-Y, B-Y.
•Y=0.30R+0.59G+0.11B
•U=0.477(R-Y)
•V=0.895(B-Y)
•Out of 625 horizontal line only 575
are active
•50 vertical lines
Studio
A television studio is an installation in which
television or video productions take place by using several
supporting equipments
Type Of Studio
Studio A (Main)
Studio A requires four cameras.
Studio A is used for recording of programmes and other
activities.
Studio B (News)
Studio B requires two cameras.
Studio B is used for News recording & regional
transmission.
COMPONENTS OF TV STUDIO
•Camera•Lighting•Microphones•Vision mixer and Audio consoles•MSR•VTR•Acoustics•Post production and video effects•Supporting services like AC, UPS
Camera
A TV camera consist of three section.
Optical part - To form optical image.
Transducer - To convert optical image in to electrical
signal.
Electronic part - To process output of a transducer to
get a CCVS (colour composit video signal).
CCD Camera are used for recording
TELEVISION LIGHTING
Doordarshan studio has three basic
lights :-
Key light – This is the principal light
source of illumination. It is hard light which
provides shining on the front part of
objects.
Fill light – It controls the lighting
contrast by filling in shadows.
Back light – It separate the objects from
the background .
Acoustic System
It is derived from a Greek word “akoustos” which
means “hearing”.
It is use to prevent sounds from it’s echo.
In Doordarshan studio , all the sound must have
to be done Acoustic treatment to preserve the
originality of the sound along with extending
maximum pleasure to the listener.
Vision MixerA vision mixer is a device used to
select between several
different video sources and in some
cases mix video sources together
and add special effects.
It has many input sources such as
cameras, VCR/ server,
Graphics/Character Generators, etc.
Out of these i/p, any source can
be taken as o/p.
Sources can be changed as cut to
cut, dissolve, wipe and other special
effects.
Typical video chain
1-Use PAL system (720*576) in 4:3 aspect ratio.
2-For TV Transmission It uses VSM .
3-It Uses C Band( DTH uses Ku band) and in the transmitter
room it has two 10 KW Transmitters for Broadcasting.
MSR (Master switching Room)
• It is the heart of the studio.
• Most of the switching electronics is kept e.g.
camera base stations, switcher main frame,
SPG, Satellite receivers, MW link, DDA & most
of the patch panels.
• Signal is routed through MSR.
• Signal can be Monitored at various stages
Camera control unit
CHARCTER
GENERATORS
CONTROL APPARATUS
ROOM
Includes the power
supply unit UPS room.
VIDEO TAPE RECORDER
Consists of recorded
materials i.e. v.c.R
TRANSMITTER
A television transmitter is a device which broadcasts an electromagnetic signal to the television receivers.
AlsoConnect earth station to satellites
Earth station
Earth Station is a very important part of satellite communication system for broadcasting of signals. It is an uplink center from which the signals are fed to Satellite for distribution in a specified area covered by the Satellite.The signal is up-linked from the Earth Station and received by many down link centers in TV broad casting via PDA.
THE PROCESS OF TRANSMISSION
EARTHSTATION TANSMITTER/RECEIVER
SATELLITE
DTH
RECEIVER
TV
UPLINKING
DOWNLINKING
23
Thank you…