Davao RegionFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Region XIDavao Region

Region

Map of the Philippines showing the location of Region XI

Coordinates: 07°05′N 125°35′E Coordinates : 07°05′N 125°35′E

Country PhilippinesIsland group MindanaoRegional center Davao CityArea • Total 20,244 km2 (7,816 sq mi)Population (2010)[1]

 • Total 4,468,563 • Density 220/km2 (570/sq mi)Time zone PST (UTC+8)ISO 3166 code PH-11Provinces 5

Cities 6Municipalities 43Barangays 1162Cong. districts 11

LanguagesCebuano language, Mandayan, Dibabawon, Mansakan, Manobo, Tagalog, Ilokano, Sangirese, others

Davao Region or Southern Mindanao (Filipino: Kadabawan) is one of the regions of the Philippines, designated as Region XI.[2] It is located on the southeastern portion of Mindanao, and consists of five provinces, namely: Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, and the newly created, Davao Occidental. The region encloses the Davao Gulf and its regional center is Davao City. Davao is the Hispanicized pronunciation of daba-daba, the Bagobo word for "fire" (the Cebuano translation is "kalayo").

Contents

1 History o 1.1 Spanish Administration o 1.2 American Administration-Philippine Administration

1.2.1 Wartime Japanese Occupation o 1.3 Philippine Administration

1.3.1 Davao Province 2 Climate 3 Demographics

o 3.1 Religion 4 Economy

o 4.1 Facilities o 4.2 Natural Resources

5 Political Divisions o 5.1 Component Cities o 5.2 Highly Urbanized City

6 Government o 6.1 Legislators to the House of Representatives for Region 11 o 6.2 Provincial Governors

7 Education 8 Media 9 References 10 External links

History

Many historians believe that the name "Davao" is actually the mixture of the three names that three different tribes, the earliest settlers in the region, had for the Davao River. The Obos, an aboriginal tribe, referred to the Davao River as Davohoho. Another tribe, the Bagobos, referred

to the river as Davohaha, which means "fire", while another tribe, the Guiangan tribe, called the river as Duhwow.

The history of the region dates back to the times when various tribes occupied the region. It is believed that the Manobos, Mandayas and the Bagobos actually occupied the area. These are the same tribes that created the small settlements and communities that eventually became Mindanao.

Spanish Administration

History shows that for centuries the tribes lived in relative peace until the Spanish, under the adventurous Spanish businessman Don Jose Uyanguren, arrived in the region in 1847. At that time, the Moro tribal chieftain Datu Bago was in control of the area in what is now Davao City. Don Uyanguren attempted to conquer the area which Datu Bago had ruled; although he failed at first, the Moro chieftain eventually evacuated his people to live in the areas near Mount Apo. This is the time the town of Davao, then called Nueva Vergara by the Spaniards, was established in the year 1848; the official recording of the history about the region begins in this year.

Don Uyanguren attempted to develop the region. Although the Spanish gained the upper hand when they finally controlled the ports of the region, the population of Davao grew very slowly until the arrival of Christian missionaries in the area.

American Administration-Philippine Administration

After the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Spanish rule in the region ended. Americans then landed in the region and they subsequently developed the regions communications and transportation systems. During this period, private farm ownership grew in the region. Japanese migration in the region began as two Japanese entrepreneurs, Kyosaburo Otta and Yoshizo Furokawa, were finding better agricultural lands for building abaca and coconut plantations in the region.

In 1903 until 1914, the region was one of the districts of the former Moro Province in Mindanao. After 1914, the province was replaced by an American colonial agency called Department of Mindanao and Sulu, which spanned the entire Mindanao island except Lanao. The agency lasted from 1914 to 1920.

Wartime Japanese Occupation

In 1942, during World War II, as the Japanese occupation of the Philippines began, the region was one of the first among the Philippine regions to be subjected by Japanese occupation. After the war, the region eventually passed to the American hands again for at least almost one year before the formal Philippine independence in July 4, 1946; most of the Japanese living in the region were now integrated in the Filipino population.

Philippine Administration

Davao Province

Main article: Davao Province

Even before the Philippine independence in 1946, the entire region was already a single province called Davao Province, with Davao City serving as its capital. The province was one of the largest provinces in the Philippines during that time, spanning more than 20,000 square kilometers; it lasted from 1920 until 1967, when the province split into three provinces, namely: Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, and Davao del Sur. After the division, Davao City was officially named its regional center.

Climate

The region has a generally uniform distribution of rainfall through the year. It lies outside the typhoon belt.

Demographics

Population census of Davao Region

Year Pop.   ±%  

1990 2,933,743 —    

2000 3,676,163 +25.3%

2010 4,468,563 +21.6%

Source: National Statistics Office[1]

Davao Region is the most populous region in Mindanao and the 11th most populous in the country, with a total of 4,468,563 inhabitants in 2010. Davao City, its regional capital, is also the largest city in the island, with an area of 2444 km2., the largest in the country and one of the largest in the world, and has 1,449,296 inhabitants in 2010, the second largest in the country and the largest in the entire Visayas-Mindanao region; its metropolitan area is also the most populous in the island and the third most populous in the country, with about 2,274,913 inhabitants in that year.[1]

Most of the region's inhabitants speak Cebuano language. Tagalog and English are also spoken in schools, business, commerce, and industry. Prominent indigenous tribes like Bagobo, Manobo, and Mansaka also speak their own languages as well. Chinese immigrants are widespread in the region with a considerable population in Davao City. Davao Chinatown is one of the two defined chinatowns in the Philippines, Binondo being the other one. A considerable

population of Japanese can also be seen in the country. Before World War II, Davao was heavily populated by Japanese immigrants. Davao City was the Little Tokyo of the Philippines.

Religion

The majority of the region's population are Christians, mostly Catholics; however, there are also Muslims, Buddhists, and Shintoists living in the region.

Although the region is predominantly Christian, one of its provinces, Davao del Sur, was under the influence of the Bangsamoro. This was proven when in the 1st day of August 1989 the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao attempted to put the province under its jurisdiction; however, on November 6, 1990, only 5 provinces joined the region. Until now, the Bangsamoro attempts to increase their influence on their so-called Bangsamoro Nation, which is the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, to include all of Mindanao under its jurisdiction.

Economy

While the region’s economy is predominantly agri-based, it is now developing into a center for agro-industrial business, trade and tourism. Its competitive advantage is in agri-industry as its products, papayas, mangoes, bananas, pineapples, fresh asparagus, flowers, and fish products are exported internationally. The region can be a vital link to markets in other parts of Mindanao, Brunei Darussalam and parts of Malaysia and Indonesia. There is also a growing call center sector in the region, mostly centered in Davao City.

There is a gradual shift to industrialization as shown with industry’s growth rate of 8.1% in 1996. Other economic activities are mining, fishery, forestry and agriculture. Due to the region's rise as the main commercial and industrial hub of Mindanao, many of its workers are oriented to urban services such as putting small-scale businesses and working in commercial industries in thriving urban areas like Davao City, Tagum City, and Digos City. Both private and foreign investors and businessmen are putting up huge business centers in the region, fueling up its commercial growth rate.

The Region is also venturing to online business like outsourcing. They also open their official business directory, classified ads, events, and articles only for Davao Region, the Dabaw.net[3] derived from the local name of Davao which is Dabaw.

Facilities

The region’s principal ports are the Sasa International Seaport in Sasa and Sta. Ana Pier in the Chinatown District, both in Davao City; Panabo Seaport in Davao del Norte; and Mati Seaport in Davao Oriental. The former two, both of which are located in Port of Davao in Davao City, can service both interisland and international shipments. Sasa International Container Port, also located in the Port of Davao, is the busiest in the entire Visayas-Mindanao region. Infrastructure developments in the cities within the region are considered excellent.

The international airport in Davao City, Davao International Airport, is the largest and most developed in Mindanao, has the second longest runway in the island, and the third most busiest in the country, after Ninoy Aquino International Airport and Mactan-Cebu International Airport. It can handle both domestic and international flights, serving several flights to Manila, Cebu, Iloilo, and as far as Singapore, Hong Kong, Seoul, South Korea, Manado, Indonesia, and Bangkok, Thailand; it is the only international airport in the island to handle flights like these. Its ATC Tower is the most advanced in the country.

The region is accessible by land, air and sea. The region has adequate communications facilities, reliable power, and an abundant water supply.

Natural Resources

The Davao Region has mineral resources of chromite, iron, nickel, manganese, gold, copper and other non-metallic minerals.

Political Divisions

Davao Region is subdivided into 5 provinces, 5 component cities, and 1 highly urbanized city.

Political map of Davao Region

Province/City CapitalPopulation

(2010)[1]Area

(km²)[4]Pop. density

(per km²)Compostela Valley Nabunturan 687,195 4,479.77 153.4Davao del Norte Tagum City 945,764 3,426.97 276.0

Province/City CapitalPopulation

(2010)[1]Area

(km²)[4]Pop. density

(per km²)Davao del Sur Digos City 574,910 2,163.98 265.7Davao Occidental Malita 293,780 2,163.45 135.8Davao Oriental Mati City 517,618 5,679.64 91.1Davao City — 1,449,296 2,443.61 593.1

Component Cities

Digos City , Davao del Sur Mati City , Davao Oriental Panabo City , Davao del Norte Tagum City , Davao del Norte Island Garden City of Samal , Davao del Norte

Highly Urbanized City

Davao City

Government

Legislators to the House of Representatives for Region 11

See also: 16th Congress of the PhilippinesCompostela Valley 1st Maria Carmen Zamora Liberal 2 Majority

2nd Rommel Amatong Liberal 3 MajorityDavao City 1st Karlo Nograles NUP 2 Majority

2nd Mylene Garcia-Albano Liberal 2 Majority3rd Isidro Ungab Liberal/Hugpong 3 Majority

Davao del Norte 1st Anthony del Rosario Liberal 2 Majority2nd Antonio Lagdameo, Jr. NUP 3 Majority

Davao del Sur 1st Mercedes Cagas Nacionalista 1 Majority2nd Franklin Bautista Liberal 3 Majority

Davao Oriental 1st Nelson Dayanghirang Nacionalista 3 Majority2nd Thelma Almario Lakas-CMD 3 Majority

Provincial Governors

Compostela Valley Gov. Arturo T. Uy (Liberal) Davao del Norte Gov. Rodolfo P. Del Rosario (Liberal) Davao Oriental Gov. Corazon N. Malanyaon (Nacionalista) Davao del Sur Gov. Claude P. Bautista (Liberal)

Education

The government provides free education at the primary (grade school) and secondary (high school) levels. Some state-run universities in the region are the University of the Philippines Mindanao and the University of Southeastern Philippines. The literacy rate of the country is 93.9%; Davao City has a literacy rate of 98.05%.[citation needed]

Media

Television networks

ABS-CBN : Channel 4 ABS-CBN Sports and Action : Channel 21 Solar News Channel : Channel 9 ETC : Channel 7 TV5 : Channel 2 AksyonTV : Channel 29 GMA Network : Channel 5 GMA News TV : Channel 27

News Programs

Aksyon Alerto Davao (TV5 Channel 2 Davao) Testigo (GMA TV-5 Davao) TV Patrol Southern Mindanao (ABS-CBN TV-4 Davao) Solar News Mindanao (Solar News Channel Davao)

Newspapers

SunStar Davao Mindanao Times The Voice of Islam

References

1. "Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities". 2010 Census and Housing Population. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 12 August 2013.

2. List of Regions , [National Statistical Coordination Board].3. Online Portal of Davao Region 4. "List of Provinces" . PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: Natio

5.

Davao RegionDavao Region consist of 4 provinces and 5 cities namely, the province of Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental and Compostela Valley Province and the Cities of Davao, Panabo, Tagum, Digos and Island Garden City of Samal.

 

Geographical Location

Davao Region is located in the Southeastern portion of the island of Mindanao surrounding the Davao Gulf. It is bounded on the north by the provinces of Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Sur and Bukidnon. In the east it is bounded by the Philippine Sea; and in the west by the Central Mindanao provinces. Within the broader geographic context, the Davao Region area faces Micronesia in the Southern Pacific Ocean to the east, and the Eastern Indonesia through the Celebes Sea to the south.

 

Political Subdivision

It composed 4 provinces, 1 independent city, 4 component cities and 44 municipalities, grouped into 11 congressional districts and divided into 1,160 barangays. The provinces are Davao Oriental, Davao del Norte. Compostela Valley and Davao del Sur. The cities are Davao City, Panabo City, Tagum City, Digos City and Island Garden City of Samal.

 

Climate

The region is blessed with good climate as it experiences Types II and IV climate and lies outside the typhoon belt. Type II climate is characterized by no dry season with very pronounced maximum rainfall from November to January. This affects Davao Oriental and most parts of Compostela Valley. Type IV is characterized by more or less evenly distributed rainfall

throughout the year and covers the rest of the Davao Region area. The region's annual rainfall based on climatological data of Davao City ranges from 1,673.3 mm o 1,941.8mm. The average temperature in the region ranges from 28°C to 29°C. Warm temperature is experienced from February to October while the coolest months start from November up to January. The Region is not directly hit by typhoons and low-pressure systems and is rarely affected by high winds.

 

Soil

The soil of Region XI can be classified into the following groups: inceptisols, alfisols and ultisols. These are generally loam and clay types. The region's soil is dominated by inceptisols. The alfisols and ultisols are found in depths beyond 100 feet.

 

Slope

About 26% of the total area of the region or 5,021.48 sq. kms. has slope range of 0-8%. These areas, which maybe for non-forest purposes, e.g. agriculture, industries and settlement. Among the provinces in the region, Compostela Valley has the largest area with 0-8% slope with 1,300.9 sq. kms. followed by Davao del Norte with 1,219.8 sq. kms. These areas, which maybe for non-forest purposes, e.g. agriculture, industries and settlement.

 

Topography

The region is characterized by extensive mountain ranges extending along the western border, in the northern central area and in the northwestern area leading to the peninsula in the southeast with uneven distribution of plateaus and lowlands. Its coastline reached to 1,600 square kilometer. The area is dominated by peninsular and island topography.

 

Water Resources

The Region has abundant water supply both from surface and ground water resources. About 85.7% of the total water supply comes from surface water and only 14.3% comes from ground water.The region’s total water output reaches 31,049 cubic meters per minute (cmm) per year. Davao Oriental has the largest water output both from surface and ground sources at 7,402 cmm and 1,246 cmm, respectively. Compostela Valley follows with 6,668 cmm and 1,167 cmm, respectively. Davao City has the least water output from both surface and ground water at 2,993 and 499 cm.

 

Land Area & Population

The Davao Region has a total land area of 19,671.94 sq. kms. Corresponding to 6.6% of the Philippines' total land area and 20.7% of the total land area of Mindanao. The total population in the area reached 4,156,653 or 21.2% of the Mindanao's total population. Davao City is the most populated with 1,363,337 or 32.8% of the total and the Island Garden City of Samal the least populated with only 90,291 or 2.2% of the total.

Land Area (in sq. km.) and Population (2007 Census) per Province/City

Province/City Capital Population (2007) Area (sq. km.)

Compostela Valley Nabunturan 637,366 4,666.93

Davao del Norte Tagum City 847,440 3,462.90

Davao del Sur Digos City 822,406 3,934

Davao Oriental Mati City 486,104 5,164.50

Davao City Davao City 1,363,337 2,443.61

Davao Region Total Population and Land Area 4,156,653 19,671.94

  Social Organizations

Local tribes - Badjao, Bagobo, B'Iaan, Manobo, Mansaka, Mandaya, Matigsalog, Maranao, Tausog, Tagacaolo, Kalagan and others.

 

Dialect Spoken

Cebuano, Tagalog, Dabawenyo, Hiligaynon, Bagobo, Tagacaolo, Manobo, Maguindanao, Mandaya, Bilaan, Ilocano, Waray and others.

 

Economic Trends. GRDP

The Region's GRDP is targeted to grow at an average rate of 5.7% between 2004 and 2010, peaking at 6.7% by 2010. This output will be dominated by the Services Sector with its average share of 42% during the period. The Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry and Industry Sectors will approximate each other's average shares at 28% and 30%, respectively during the same period.

 

Potential Investment Areas

Davao City

Agri-business and food processing Environment enhancement and protection projects ICT Light manufacturing and assembly Medical/educational/training/sports facilities Telecommunication Tourism and recreational facilities Transshipment facilities Wood processing technologies

 

Davao del Sur (including Digos City)

Commercial and office building Dry docking and shipbuilding Feeds and fertilizer manufacturing Furniture and futures Gifts, toys and housewares Housing development Mango and other tropical fruits processing Packing and packaging Port development Post harvest facilities Transportation services

Water supply system development

 

Davao del Norte

Island Garden City of Samal Tourism, agribusiness, light manufacturing, utilities and services Sto. Tomas, Kapalong and Talaingod Cluster Common service facilities, utilities, mining, eco¬tourism and agro-forestry Panabo City, Carmen and B.E. Dujali Cluster Agri-business, light manufacturing, construction and construction materials and services Tagum City, New Corella and Asuneion Cluster Agri-business, tourism, services and light industries

 

Compostela Valley Province

Food Industry Forestry Furniture Home Furnishing Wood industry

 

Davao Oriental 

Integrated coco processing Fishing, grain milling, lumber products, parquet materials and tourism

Compostela Valley Flag not known.

Davao

by Jaume Ollé, 12 January 2001

The Province of Davao, formerly (and still occasionally) called Davao del Norte, occupies the head of the Davao Gulf in Southern Mindanao, Philippine Region XI. It

contains two cities, Tagum (the capital) and the Island Garden City of Samal (in the gulf). It does NOT contain the city of Davao. Bananas are the dominant export crop, and rice, maize, and several other food crops are grown for consumption on Mindanao. Little remains of the forests. Livestock raising and fishing contribute to the economy, and there are various manufactures. Gold-mining was important in former times, and probably accounts for the gold cross on the shield, but seems to have been given up. Sand, gravel, guano, and marble are all extracted. The provincial government encourages tourism, and Samal is one of the national government's five top goal areas for tourist development.John Ayer, 29 May 2001

Davao del Sur

by Jaume Ollé, 12 January 2001

The Philippine Province of Davao del Sur in Region XI, Southern Mindanao, occupies the western shore of the Gulf of Davao. It encompasses but apparently does not include Davao City. Its western boundary is defined by a mountain range, with Mount Apo dominating the skyline. There are several other isolated mountains.  Below these the forests have mostly been cleared to make way for agriculture. The main crops are rice, maize, coconuts, bananas, sugarcane, and coffee. There is also a good deal of fishing, some mining (gold, silver, copper, lead, and chromium), and tourism. Some lumbering and wood-processing persists. Davao del Sur now comprises fifteen towns, but I suspect there were twelve in 1975, when this flag was current. I have been unable to learn the significance of the date 1907. The capital is Digos.John Ayer, 6 June 2001

Davao City

by Dirk Schönberger, 12 January 2001

Source: Symbols of the state Preliminary results of the 2000 census show Davao has a population of 1,147,000

(slightly rounded),John Ayer, 11 February 2001

When the Province of Davao was divided in 1967 the City of Davao seems to have been kept separate from any province. The single star on the flag probably represents this separate status. Davao is the only city in the Philippine Republic outside the National Capital Region that is not part of a province - but it is also the only city in the republic outside the NCR that has a population of more than a million (1,147,000 by the 2000 census, to 758,000 for Davao del Sur). It is geographically one of the biggest cities in the world, covering more than 2200 sq.km. When the Province of Davao was created in 1914, the town of Davao was its capital; it was chartered as a city in 1937. It is the regional headquarter. It grows rice and coconuts, manufactures textiles, cement, and plywood, and is a major port for inter-island and international trade, shipping large quantities of abaca fiber, as well as maize, rice, and copra. It also has a major airport. Before World War II the city was largely Japanese. Davao was nearly destroyed in the war, and afterward the Japanese returned to Japan.John Ayer, 6 June 2001

Davao Oriental

by Jaume Ollé, 12 January 2001

The Philippine Province of Davao Oriental in Region XI, Southern Mindanao, occupies the eastern flank of the Davao Gulf. A mountain range shelters the province from the fury of Pacific typhoons. On the sheltered Gulf coast the people live by agriculture, fishing, and lumbering, though this suffers from excessive harvesting in the past. There is some industry, including the manufacture of parquet tiles, and there is clearly some tourist trade. Davao Oriental comprises eleven towns covering 5165 sq.km.; the population by the 2000 census was 446,191.John Ayer, 3 June 2001

Lumad peoplesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"Manobo" redirects here. For the languages, see Manobo languages.For other uses, see Lumad (disambiguation).

Lumad

Total populationUnknown

Regions with significant populations

Philippines:Caraga, Davao, Northern Mindanao,

SOCCSKSARGEN, Zamboanga PeninsulaLanguages

Manobo languages, Chabacano (in Zamboanga Region), Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Filipino language,

EnglishReligion

Christianity (Roman Catholic, Protestant) and AnimistRelated ethnic groups

Bajau, Moro, Visayan, other Filipino peoples, other Austronesian peoples

The Lumad is a group of indigenous people of the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (literally "indigenous peoples"), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanaw Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines. It is the self-ascription and collective identity of the indigenous peoples of Mindanao.

Contents

1 History 2 People

o 2.1 B'laan o 2.2 Bukidnon o 2.3 Tagakaulo o 2.4 Manobo o 2.5 Subanon o 2.6 Higaonon o 2.7 Mamanwa o 2.8 Mandaya o 2.9 Mansaka o 2.10 Sangil o 2.11 Tagabawa o 2.12 Tasaday o 2.13 T'boli

3 Musical heritage 4 Social issues 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

History

See also: Prehistory of the Philippines

The name Lumad grew out of the political awakening among tribes during the martial law regime of President Ferdinand Marcos. It was advocated and propagated by the members and affiliates of Lumad-Mindanao, a coalition of all-Lumad local and regional organizations which formalized themselves as such in June 1986 but started in 1983 as a multi-sectoral organization. Lumad-Mindanao’s main objective was to achieve self-determination for their member-tribes or, put more concretely, self-governance within their ancestral domain in accordance with their culture and customary laws. No other Lumad organization had had the express goal in the past.

Representative from 15 tribes agreed in June 1986 to adopt the name; there were no delegates from the three major groups of the T'boli, the Teduray. The choice of a Cebuano word was a bit ironic but they deemed it to be most appropriate considering that the Lumad tribes do not have any other common language except Cebuano. This is the first time that these tribes have agreed to a common name for themselves, distinct from that of the Moros and different from the migrant majority and their descendants.

People

There are 17 Lumad ethnolinguistic groups: Atta, Bagobo, Banwaon, B’laan, Bukidnon, Dibabawon, Higaonon, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Tagakaolo, Tasaday, Tboli, Teduray, and Ubo.

According to the Lumad Development Center Inc., there are about 18 Lumad groups in 19 provinces across the country. Considered as "vulnerable groups", they live in hinterlands, forests, lowlands and coastal areas.[1]

Katawhang Lumad are the un-Islamized and un-Christianized Austronesian peoples of Mindanao, namely Erumanen ne Menuvu`, Matidsalug Manobo, Agusanon Manobo, Dulangan Manobo, Dabaw Manobo,Ata Manobo, B'laan, Kaulo, Banwaon, Teduray, Lambangian, Higaunon, Dibabawon, Mangguwangan, Mansaka, Mandaya, K'lagan, T'boli, Mamanuwa, Talaandig, Tagabawa, and Ubu`, Tinenanen, Kuwemanen, K'lata and Diyangan. There are about 20 general hilltribes of Mindanao, all of which are Austronesian.

The term Lumad excludes the Butuanons and Surigaonons—even the said two ethnic groups are native to Mindanao and the word tells it so—because those two are Visayans and Lumad are not ethnically closely related to them, which creates a contradiction because the word lumad literally means "native" in Visayan. They are one of the few surviving human populations that have a genetic relationship with the Denisovans.

B'laan

The B'laan is an indigenous group that is concentrated in Davao del Sur and South Cotabato. They practice indigenous rituals while adapting to the way of life of modern Filipinos.[2]

Bukidnon

The colorful Kaamulan Festival celebrated annually in Malaybalay City

The Bukidnon are one of the seven tribes in the Bukidnon plateau of Mindanao. Bukidnon means 'that of the mountains' (i.e., 'people of the mountains'), despite the fact that most Bukidnon tribes settle in the lowlands. The name Bukidnon is itself used to describe the entire province in a different context (it means 'mountainous lands' in this case).[3]

The Bukidnon people believe in one god, Magbabaya (Ruler of All), though there are several minor gods and goddesses that they worship as well. Religious rites are presided by a baylan whose ordination is voluntary and may come from both sexes. The Bukidnons have rich musical and oral traditions[4] which are celebrated annually in Malaybalay city's Kaamulan Festival, with other tribes in Bukidnon (the Manobo tribes, the Higaonon, Matigsalug, Talaandig, Umayamnom, and the Tigwahanon).[5]

Tagakaulo

Tagakaulo is one of the tribes in Mindanao. Their traditional territories is in Davao Del Sur and the Sarangani Province particularly in the localities of Malalag, Lais, Talaguton Rivers, Sta. Maria, and Malita of Davao del Sur, and Malungon of the Sarangani Province.Tagakaulo means living in mountain. The Tagakaulo tribe originally came from the western shores of the gulf of Davao and south of Mt. Apo.[6] a long time ago.

Manobo

A Bagobo (Manobo) woman from Davao

Manobo is the hispanized spelling of Manuvu (there is no difference between the pronunciation of orthographic ‹b› and ‹v› in Castilian Spanish; the /v/ sound was lost when translated). Its etymology is unclear; in its current form it means 'person' or 'people'.

Manobo children

The Manobo are an Australasian, indigenous agriculturalist population who neighbor the Mamanwa group in Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur (Garvan, 1931). They live in barangays like the Mamanwa; however, population size is dramatically larger in the Manobo

settlements (personal observation) in comparison to those of the Mamanwa. The two groups interact frequently although the amount of interaction varies between settlements and intermarriage is common between them (Reid, 2009).

The Manobo are probably the most numerous of the ethnic groups of the Philippines in the relationships and names of the groups that belong to this family of languages. Mention has been made of the numerous subgroups that comprise the Manobo group.[by whom?] The total Manobo population is not known, although they occupy core areas from Sarangani island into the Mindanao mainland in the provinces of Agusan del Sur, Davao provinces, Bukidnon, and North and South Cotabato. The groups occupy such a wide area of distribution that localized groups have assumed the character of distinctiveness as a separate ethnic grouping such as the Bagobo or the Higaonon, and the Atta. Depending on specific linguistic points of view, the membership of a dialect with a supergroup shifts.[7]

The Manobo are genetically related to the Denisovans, much like the Mamanwa.[8]

Subanon

Main article: Subanon

The Subanons are the first settlers of the Zamboanga peninsula. The family is patriarchal while the village is led by a chief called Timuay. He acts as the village judge and is concerned with all communal matters.

History has better words to speak for Misamis Occidental. Its principal city was originally populated by the Subanon, a cultural group that once roamed the seas in great number; the province was an easy prey to the marauding sea pirates of Lanao whose habit was to stage lightning forays along the coastal areas in search of slaves. As the Subanon retreated deeper and deeper into the interior, the coastal areas became home to inhabitants from Bukidnon who were steadily followed by settlers from nearby Cebu and Bohol.

Higaonon

The Higaonon is located on the provinces of Bukidnon, Agusan del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Rogongon, Iligan City, and Lanao del Norte. Their name means "people of the wilderness". Most Higaonons have a rather traditional way of living. Farming is the most important economic activity.

Mamanwa

A 1926 photograph of Bagobo (Manobo) warriors in full war regalia

The Mamanwa is a Negrito tribe often grouped together with the Lumad. They come from Leyte, Agusan del Norte, and Surigao provinces in Mindanao; primarily in Kitcharao and Santiago, Agusan del Norte,[9] though they are lesser in number and more scattered and nomadic than the Manobos and Mandaya tribes who also inhabit the region. Like all Negritos, the Mamanwas are genetically distinct from the lowlanders and the upland living Manobos, exhibiting curly hair and much darker skin tones.

These peoples are traditionally hunter-gatherers[10] and consume a wide variety of wild plants, herbs, insects, and animals from tropical rainforest. The Mamanwa are categorized as having the "negrito" phenotype with by dark skin, kinky hair, and short stature.[10][11] The origins of this phenotype (found in the Agta, Ati, and Aeta tribes in the Philippines) are a continued topic of debate, with recent evidence suggesting that the phenotype convergently evolved in several areas of southeast Asia.[12]

However, recent genomic evidence suggests that the Mamanwa were one of the first populations to leave Africa along with peoples in New Guinea and Australia, and that they diverged from a common origin about 36,000 years ago. [13]

Currently, Mamanwa populations live in sedentary settlements ("barangays") that are close to agricultural peoples and market centers. As a result, a substantial proportion of their diet includes starch-dense domesticated foods.[14] The extent to which agricultural products are bought or exchanged varies in each Mamanwa settlement with some individuals continuing to farm and produce their own domesticated foods while others rely on purchasing food from market centers.

The Mamanwa have been exposed to many of the modernities mainstream agricultural populations possess and use such as cell phones, televisions, radio, processed foods, etc.[14]

The political system of the Mamanwa is informally democratic and age-structured. Elders are respected and are expected to maintain peace and order within the tribe. The chieftain, called a Tambayon, usually takes over the duties of counseling tribal members, speaking at gatherings, and arbitrating disagreements. The chieftain may be a man or a woman, which is characteristic of other gender-egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies.[15] They believe in a collection of spirits, which are governed by the supreme deity Magbabaya, although it appears that their contact with monotheist communities/populations has made a considerable impact on the Mamanwa's religious practices. They are often taught (by Christian and Catholic rural Pilipinos) that their animistic beliefs are savage. The tribe produce excellent winnowing baskets, rattan hammocks, and other household containers.

Mamanwa (also spelled Mamanoa) means 'first forest dwellers', from the words man (first) and banwa (forest).[16] They speak the Mamanwa language (or Minamanwa).[17] They are genetically related to the Denisovans.[8]

Mandaya

"Mandaya" derives from "man" meaning "first," and "daya" meaning "upstream" or "upper portion of a river," and therefore means "the first people upstream". It refers to a number of groups found along the mountain ranges of Davao Oriental, as well as to their customs, language, and beliefs. The Mandaya are also found in Compostela and New Bataan in Compostela (formerly a part of Davao del Norte Province).

Mansaka

The term "Mansaka" derives from "mang" with literal meaning "to" and "saka" meaning "climb," and means "to climb or to ascend mountains/upstream." The term most likely describes the origin of these people who are found today in Davao del Norte and Davao del Sur. Specifically in the Batoto River, the Manat Valley, Caragan, Maragusan, the Hijo River Valley, and the seacoasts of Kingking, Maco, Kwambog, Hijo, Tagum, Libuganon, Tuganay, Ising, and Panabo.[18]

Sangil

The Sangir or Sangil is located in the islands of Balut, Sarangani, and the coastal areas of South Cotabato and Davao del Sur. Their name comes from Sangihe, an archipelago located between Sulawesi and Mindanao. This was their original home, but they migrated northwards.

Tagabawa

Tagabawa is the language used by the Bagobo-Tagabawa. They are the indigenous tribe in Mindanao. They live in the surrounding areas of Mt. Apo.[19]

Tasaday

Main article: Tasaday

The Tasaday is a group of about two dozen people living within the deep and mountainous rainforests of Mindanao, who attracted wide media attention in 1971 when they were first "discovered" by western scientists who reported that they were living at a "stone age" level of technology and had been completely isolated from the rest of Philippine society. They later attracted attention in the 1980s when it was reported that their discovery had in fact been an elaborate hoax, and doubt was raised both about their status as isolated from other societies and even about the reality of their existence as a separate ethnic group. The question of whether Tasaday studies published in the seventies are accurate is still being discussed.[20][21]

T'boli

Main article: Tboli

The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. From the body of ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao, they are variously known as Toboli, T'boli, Tböli, Tiboli, Tibole, Tagabili, Tagabeli, and Tagabulu. They term themselves Tboli or T'boli. Their whereabouts and identity are to some extent confused in the literature; some publications present the Toboli and the Tagabili as distinct peoples; some locate the Tbolis to the vicinity of the Buluan Lake in the Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte. The Tbolis, then, reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the upper Alah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum, Maasim and Kiamba. In former times, the Tbolis also inhabited the upper Alah Valley floor.

Musical heritage

Main articles: Music of the Philippines and Agung

Most of the Mindanao Lumad groups have a musical heritage consisting of various types of Agung ensembles – ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gongs which act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument.[22]

Social issues

Norma Capuyan, vice chair of Apo Sandawa Lumadnong Panaghiusa sa Cotabato (ASLPC) speaking out in a press conference to defend the ancestral domains of the Lumad.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Lumads controlled an area which now covers 17 of Mindanao’s 24 provinces, but by the 1980 census, they constituted less than 6% of the population of Mindanao and Sulu. Significant migration to Mindanao of Visayans, spurred by government-sponsored resettlement programmes, turned the Lumads into minorities. The Bukidnon province population grew from 63,470 in 1948 to 194,368 in 1960 and 414,762 in 1970, with the proportion of indigenous Bukidnons falling from 64% to 33% to 14%.

Lumads have a traditional concept of land ownership based on what their communities consider their ancestral territories. The historian B. R. Rodil notes that ‘a territory occupied by a community is a communal private property, and community members have the right of usufruct to any piece of unoccupied land within the communal territory.’ Ancestral lands include cultivated land as well as hunting grounds, rivers, forests, uncultivated land and the mineral resources below the land.

Unlike the Moros, the Lumad groups never formed a revolutionary group to unite them in armed struggle against the Philippine government. When the migrants came, many Lumad groups retreated into the mountains and forests. However, the Moro armed groups and the Communist-led New People’s Army (NPA) have recruited Lumads to their ranks, and the armed forces have also recruited them into paramilitary organisations to fight the Moros or the NPA.[citation needed]

For the Lumad, securing their rights to ancestral domain is as urgent as the Moros’ quest for self-determination. However, much of their land has already been registered in the name of multinational corporations, logging companies and other wealthy Filipinos, many of whom are, relatively speaking, recent settlers to Mindanao. Mai Tuan, a T'boli leader explains, "Now that there is a peace agreement for the MNLF, we are happy because we are given food assistance like rice … we also feel sad because we no longer have the pots to cook it with. We no longer have control over our ancestral lands."[23]

Davao City

 

Historical Background

Local historians claim that the word Davao came from the phonetic blending of the word of three Bagobo subgroups when referring to Davao River, an essential waterway which empties itself into Davao Gulf near the city.

The aboriginal Obos who inhabit the hinterlands of the region called the river, Davoh; the Clatta or Guiangans called it Duhwow, or Davau, and the Tagabawa Bagobos, Dabu. To the Obos, the word davoh also means a place "beyond the high grounds", alluding to the settlements located at the mouth of Davao River which were surrounded by high rolling hills. When asked where they were going, the usual reply is davoh, while pointing towards the direction of the town.

Duhwow also refers to a trading settlement where they barter their forest goods in exchange for salt or other commodities.

Spanish influence was hardly felt in the Davao until 1847, when an expedition led by Don Jose Oyanguren came to establish a Christian settlement in an area of mangrove swamps that is now Bolton Riverside. Davao was then ruled by a Moro chieftain, Datu Bago, who held his settlement at the banks of Davao River (once called Tagloc River by the Bagobos). After Oyanguren defeated Datu Bago, he renamed the region Nueva Guipozcoa, in honor of his home in Spain, and became its first governor. Oyanguren's efforts to develop the area, however, did not prosper.

A few years after the American forces landed in 1900, private farm ownership grew and transportation and communication facilities were improved, thus paving the way for the region's economic growth.

A Japanese entrepreneur named Kichisaburo Ohta was granted permission to exploit vast territories which he transformed into abaca and coconut plantations. The first wave of Japanese plantation workers came onto its shores in 1903, creating a Japan kuo, or Little Japan. They had their own school, newspapers, an embassy, and even a Shinto Shrine. On the whole, they established extensive abaca plantations around the shores of Davao Gulf and developed large-scale commercial interests such as copra, timber, fishing and import-export trading. Filipinos learned the techniques of improved cultivation from the Japanese so that ultimately, agriculture became the lifeblood of the province's economic prosperity.

Davao was formally inaugurated as a charter city in March 16, 1937 by President Elpidio Quirino. Thirty years later, Davao was subdivided into three independent provinces, namely Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental. Over the years, Davao has become an ethnic melting pot as it continues to draw migrants from all over the country, lured by the prospects of striking it rich in the country's third largest city.

City Profile

Location:

Approximately 588 statute miles southeast of Manila and 241 statute miles to Cebu City. Traveling by sea, its location from Manila and Cebu is 971 and 593 nautical miles

respectively. It is the capital of the Davao Region and is the biggest urban Market in the growth

polygon called BIMP-EAGA (Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East Asean Growth Area)

Climate: Typhoon free, with distributed temperature, rainfall and humidity throughout the year.  

 City People 

Majority of the Davaoeños are migrants dominated by Visayans, Chinese and Muslims, the province is touted to have the most number of indigenous tribal communities or lumads (meaning literally "from the bowels of the earth") living within its territory.

 Among these are the Bgobos who live along the slopes of Mount Apo. Being the most colorfully dressed among the tribes, their hand-woven abaca garments are embroidered with geometric patterns and adorned with beads, shells and metal disks. The Bagobos are farmers who live in the hinterlands of Davao. The Guiangans, or Obos, like the Bagobos, are forest-dwellers. The Mandayas and the Mansakas, the more musically-inclined among the tribes, are skilled silversmiths. They inhabit the eastern areas of Davao del Norte and the remote mountain clearings of Davao Oriental. West of Davao del Norte are the Atas while along the shores of Davao Gulf dwell the Kalangans. The Manobos, also known as the Manubas or Man-subas (suba, meaning river in the Visayan dialect), are river-dwellers who are closely related to

the Atas. Samal Island is occupied by the Samals while the Maguindanaoans inhabit parts of Davao Gulf and Saranggani Islands.

 Like most indigenous tribes anywhere else in the world, these lumads face the constant struggle of protecting their ancestral lands from being plundered by unscrupulous new settlers, and by trying hard to preserve their culture in the changing world of traditions.

  

Davao City

 

City Festivals

Araw ng Dabaw:

This is celebrated every 16th of March, the founding of the city. However, it is a week-long celebration with a socio-civic and military parade, sports competitions, and fireworks.

 Kadayawan:

The Kadayawan is an internationally renowned festival. It is a weeklong celebration and thanksgiving for nature’s bountiful harvest and celebrated annually every third week of August. The activity coincides with the harvest time of Davao’s exotic fruits and the blooming of the waling-waling (vanda sanderana). The culmination of the festival is its most famous and much-awaited grand floral parade. During the culmination, one can see countless and breathtaking mobile floats full of real and fresh flowers, and the dancing in the streets.

City Tourist Spots Mount Apo

Philippine Eagle Nature Center

Eden Mountain Resort

Malagos Garden Resort

Pearl Farm Beach Resort

Davao Museum

Gap Farming Orchard Resort

Crocodile Park

Talomo Beach

Shrine of the Holy Infant Jesus of Prague

 

City History City Profile City People

Davao Region (Region   XI)

Posted on April 19, 2011 by philippinesmyphilippines

Banana Farm - Davao (Region XI)

Davao Region – Region XI is the Banana Capital of the Philippines, located on the southeastern portion of Mindanao

Davao is the Hispanicized pronunciation of daba-daba, the Bagobo word for “fire” (the Cebuano translation is “kalayo”).

The place where you can usually found the expensive fruit Durian, that is why it’s being called the ‘Durian City’ in the Philippines.

Regional center: Davao City

Total Area: 20,244 km2 (7,816.3 sq mi)

Population (2007)

Total: 4,156,653 Density: 205.3/km2 (531.8/sq mi)

Time zone: PST (UTC+8)

Provinces: 4

Cities: 6

Municipalities: 44

Barangays: 1160

Cong. districts: 11

Languages: Cebuano, Davaoeño dialect of Chabacano, Mandayan, Dibabawon, Mansakan, Manobo, Tagalog, Ilokano and others

Political Divisions

Province(City) / Capital / Population (2007) / Area (km²)

Valley / Nabunturan / 637,366 / 4,479.77

Davao del Norte / Tagum City / 847,440 / 3,426.97

Davao del Sur / Digos City / 822,406 / 4,223.45

Davao Oriental / Mati City / 486,104 / 5,670.07

Davao City / — / 1,363,337 / 2,443.61 

 Davao Region is subdivided into 4 provinces and Davao City.

Component Cities

Digos City, Davao del Sur Island Garden City of Samal, Davao del Norte Panabo City, Davao del Norte Tagum City, Davao del Norte Mati City, Davao Oriental

Highly Urbanized City

 Davao City, Davao del Sur

The People

Region 11 is a melting pot of many cultural groups. Cebuanos, Boholanos, and Ilonggos are the majority groups. Others include Maguindanaos, Maranaos, Manobos, T’bolis, Bagobos, B’laans, Samals, and Agtas. Smaller communities of Ilocanos, Tagalogs, Warays, and Bicolanos are also found.

The Facilities

The region’s principal ports are the Sasa International Seaport in Sasa, Sta. Ana Pier in the Chinatown District, Panabo Seaport in Davao del Norte, and Mati Seaport in Davao Oriental. Infrastructure developments in the cities within the region are considered excellent.

The airport in Davao City is the largest and most developed in Mindanao. The region is accessible by land, air and sea. The region has adequate communications facilities, reliable power and an abundant water supply.

Davao City Festivals

Araw ng DabawEvery March 16

This is a week-long celebration of the founding of the city that culminates every 16th of March with a socio-civic and military parade, sports competitions, and fireworks.

One of the highlights of the celebration is the selection of the Mutya ng Dabaw (Miss Davao) from among the most beautiful ladies in the land every 15th of March.

Kadayawan Festivala>Every 3rd week of August

This internationally renowned festival is a weeklong celebration and thanksgiving for nature's bountiful harvest. Celebrated annually every third week of August. The activity coincides with the harvest time of Davaoeños exotic fruits and the blooming of the waling-waling (vanda sanderana). The festival culminates with its most famous and much-awaited grand floral parade (where one can see countless and breathtaking mobile floats full of real and fresh flowers) and the dancing in the streets.

View photos of the Kadayawan 2012

Pasko FiestaEntire month of December

Pasko Fiesta sa Davao is an integration of festive and competitive Christmas activities

showcasing colorful lightings and array of decorations in barangays, public parks, roads and buildings, and a series of competitive performances showcasing the community's creativity and talents while keeping alive Christmas traditions.

During this season, the city pulsates with exciting sights and sounds, barraged with mall sales, bazaars, food festivals, and night markets filled with wholesome entertainment day and night.

Chinese New Year FestivalBased on the Lunar calendar

Created under Executive Order No. 01, series of 2009, the Davao Chinese New Year festival celebrates the harmonious relations of the locals with the city's Chinese community as it promotes the development of the Chinatown - covering R. Magsaysay Ave., Monteverde Ave., Sta. Ana Ave. and Leon Garcia St. - as one of the major historical, economic and cultural centers of the city.

Festival highlights include a motorcade, film showing, exhibits, temple visits, nightly entertainment and the Chinatown Night Market.

Chinese Mid- Autumn Moon Cake Festival15th day of the 8th month in the Lunar Calendar

This is the second most important festival after the Chinese New Year for the Chinese people.

It is related to the moon and the Chinese people like the moon very much. In Chinese culture, the dull moon symbolizes wholeness and togetherness. In the middle of the 8th month of the Chinese calendar the moon is in its fullest and roundest and 8 is a popular number in Chinese culture, symbolizing wealth and prosperity.

The Moon Festival has 3,000-year history and the celebrations through the years show happiness and excitement for the Chinese people. Main celebrations involve appreciation of the moon

(moon gazing), eating moon cakes together, and making Chinese Moon Festival lanterns. The Chinese people do not believe it is a Moon Festival if these three main activities are not present.