DDB200 - User Centred Design

Eindhoven University of Technology

Department of Industrial Design

Group I2 Authors: Hanna van Rixtel (1454862) Jilez Aelbers (1429140) Lingyi Wu (1413252) Gerben Koopmans (1457950) Date: January 23, 2020

Contents 1 Data gathering 3

1.1. Goal of the data gathering and description of target group 3 1.2. A list of 10 interview open questions used in the final interview 3 1.3. The informed consent form & completed ERB form 3 1.4. Overview of the participants’ demographics 9 1.5. The selective transcripts of the gathered data 9

2 Data analysis and Personas 10

2.1. Process description of data analysis 10 2.2. Overview of results and overview of conclusions 10 2.3. The personas 13 2.4. Brief reflection on the personas 15

3 Concept development 16 3.1. Selected design concept 16 3.2. The Story Ply sheets 18

4 Prototyping 25 4.1. A description of the low-fidelity prototype 25 4.2. List at least three usability goals and three user experience goals 26

5 User Evaluation 28 5.1. An evaluation plan with the used goals, method and measures 28 5.2. Overview of the participants’ demographics 30 5.3. The informed consent form and the completed ERB form 30 5.4. Evaluation results 34 5.5. The questionnaire 36

6 Appendix 38

6.1. Interviews 38 6.2. User reviews 50 6.3. Results of the evaluation questionnaire 56

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Part 1: Data gathering 1.1 Goal of the data gathering and description of the target group (max. 100

words)

To understand the behaviors and needs of novice drivers (drivers who have their driving licence less than 5 years) and how a design can improve their ways of driving to save energy (fuel, electricity etc.) and encourage the saving of energy when driving. Novice drivers (drivers who have their driving licence less than 5 years)

Word Count: 55

1.2 A list of 10 interview open questions used in the final interview

1. What kind of driver are you (Describe your driving style)? 2. What else do you do while driving? 3. What things do you do in the car have a negative impact on the

environment? 4. Are you aware of methods of saving energy when driving? If so, what

would examples be. 5. Which of these methods do you use/consider while driving? 6. In what way is saving energy while driving important to you? 7. Are you easily distracted on the road? What kind of things distract you

while driving? 8. Would you find feedback for energy consumption of the car useful? What

kind of feedback would you like to get? 9. What kind of live feedback would you prefer? 10.How much money would you like to pay for a design to save energy?

Number of questions: 10

1.3 The informed consent form & the completed ERB form

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1.4 Overview of the participants’ demographics (max. 150 words)

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8

Age 18 18 18 19 18 18 28 29

Gender Male Male Female Male Female Female Male Female

Driver Licence Duration

Since 8.1.19

Since 1.11.19

Since 09.2019

Since 05.2019

Since 09.2019

Since 08.2019

Since 11.2017

Since 09.2017

Car(s) Volvo V70, Saab cabrio

Ford (car of parents)

Toyota Prius

Toyota Land Cruiser

VW Golf Mini, Skoda

Toyota, Camry

VW, CC

Driving Freq.

1/2x /week

1x /week 5x /week Daily 2x /month

1x /week Daily Daily

Driving Distance (approx)

45 mins 30 mins 1 hour 30-60 mins

1 hour 10-15 mins

15 mins 15 mins

Word Count: 113

1.5 The selective transcripts of the gathered data (max. 300 words)

2. “I listen to music, I don’t text on my phone”, “listening to music”, “Not a lot. I listen to the radio” - shows people prefer no large distractions 3. “The exhaust gasses and the heating system”, “The exhaust gasses and the benzine” - showed what could be improved 4. “A little bit, maybe like your braking behavior”, “You should not drive with a high rotational frequency” - inspired the idea to have tips 6. “Both financially and environmentally in a way” - demonstrates the importance of energy saving 7. “...even if I get a text message, I’ll kind of ignore it”, “something sudden” - flashing lights would end up being too distracting or even dangerous/risky 8. ”A breakdown of media, lights, petrol, AC” 9. “voice speaking”, “Something that is not in your face, but still a little noticeable”, “Audio” - the previous question and this question show the product can’t be too interrupting or distracting 10. “it cost not too much money”, “So, I’ll save money in the long run” - the product must be affordable because our users are novice drivers who most likely don’t have a large budget

Word Count: 184

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Part 2: Data analysis and Personas 2.1 Process description of your data analysis (how you conducted the

analysis) (max. 200 words)

To analyse the data gathered by our interviews, we made use of an affinity diagram. We had conducted a total of eight interviews with novice drivers. We wrote every answer down quite literally and printed these out. The method is also called “saturate, space and grouping” because we covered a large space, in this case a table in a lecture room, and drew connections between the answers. Some participants also had the same answers to the questions. The answers were grouped together to give us a better overview of all the data we gathered. The groups we made were based on our questions: Importance, stimulation, knowledge, feedback, amount of driving, distractions, activities & driving style. We linked different answers to each other and divided them over the groups. Our persona’s are compiled of the most useful answers given by our participants. They are opposites in a way; One does not really care about the environment, but is more concerned with money and the other one is more aware of environmental problems.

Word Count: 170

2.2.a Overview of results (e.g. affinity diagram, list of themes)

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Importance (of saving energy to the participant) “It doesn’t really cross my mind while driving” “Financially and environmentally important” “Economically productivity is important” “I don’t change my behaviour for the environment. When I want the heating on, I will do this” “I know all the things, but for me it doesn’t matter, however for the whole world it is not good” “It saves money and it environmentally friendly” “I do find the environment important so I do pay attention to it, but less than in my daily life. It is less of a priority, because I am more thinking of safety and arriving at my destination on time” “It is important for the environment and less expensive” Stimulation (to save energy) “If it saves me money in the long run” “When I am aware of how much energy I am using while driving” “A better engine inside of my car or if I would have to pay less taxes” “Helping the environment” “I really don’t know” “If it has a substantial impact on the environment” Knowledge (of methods to save energy) “Driving slower” “No” “Good tires and oil, maintaining the car, AC temperature, water tank” “You should switch gears on time” “Braking behaviour, amount of rpm on your tachometer, shifting gears” “You should not drive with a high rotational frequency” “Switch your engine off at a traffic light” “Turning the heat down” Feedback (prefered kind) “I would maybe like live feedback” “Feedback on emissions” “No feedback all the time” “A few times, but not something that is always on or visible” “Depending on how noticeable the feedback is, less noticeable is prefered” “Audio feedback” “Visual, in range of sight” “Visual feedback”

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“Maybe just a little digit in your dashboard which is not in your face” “Feedback about how the driver’s behaviour influences energy consumption” “Feedback after the ride, because otherwise it would be too distracting” “A voice speaking to me” “Small feedback while driving and more feedback after your trip” “I prefer visual, audio is annoying” “Subtile feedback, so for example a message when you drive at a high rpm” Amount of driving “Ten to fifteen minutes, once every two weeks” “One hour, daily” “Thirty to sixty minutes, daily” “About half an hour, once a week” “Forty five minutes, once or twice a week” “20 km, daily” Distractions (while driving) “Other drivers tailgating or people being loud inside the car” “No distractions” “Accidents” “Conversations in the car” “Phone calls or changing the radio station” “Everything when I am tired” “Sudden lights or sounds” Driving style (of the participant) “A little careful, but mostly relaxed and normal” “I drive save, but I like to speed sometimes. I do adjust my driving style to the weather conditions” “I don’t know I just follow the rules” “Cautious, but not afraid” “I drive slower with people inside my car” “I drive smoothly and fluently” “Carefully and not too fast” Activities (while driving) “Listening to music” “Talking to my passengers”

2.2.b Overview of conclusions (interpretation of results relevant for personas and design case) (max. 250 words)

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From our data analysis we concluded that there were two different kinds of answers to our questions. Some of our participants were mostly focussed on themselves and how they would profit from implementing devices into their car. What stood out was that these participants did know what kind of things were the most harmful to the environment. They just weren’t too bothered with changing it. Other participants were more willing to better the environment by changing their own habits. Although they weren’t sure if the impact was substantial enough. We did also find a lot of similarities in the answers. Nobody did anything inside of their car besides listening to music and having conversations. Most of our participants also stated that they were cautious drivers, because they were all still fairly new to driving. Most of the participants were not easily distracted behind the wheel, but were not interested in a too noticeable device inside their car. However they did not agree on whether audible or visible feedback was better. This came down to personal preference. We created two personas out of this data. The first persona, Jonathan, resembles all of the participants who aren’t all that interested in the environment. The second persona is Julia. She is more aware of the environment and willing to change her ways to better it. She is also a bit older. They both live alone.

Word Count: 232

2.3 Two different and complementing personas, based on suggested templates, attractively presented (graphical design, readability) on one A4 page each, and relevant to the design case.

Persona 1 Name: Jonathan Willemse Age: 18 Gender: Male

“Friends always come first” Source:

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https://www.123rf.com/photo_6429376_young-adult-teenage-man-laughs-over-white-background-he-has-his-braces-on-for-his-teeth.html Background/Attributes: Jonathan comes from the upper-middle class and has a VWO education. He just started his Data Sciences Bachelor at university. He goes to the TU/e but lives in Veldhoven. He likes different kinds of sports, like football and volleyball. Jonathan has one younger sibling. A Day in the life: Jonathan is really tired from the busy week and parties, so he sleeps in until 10 am. He skips breakfast and rushes straight to school by car to be just in time for his lecture. After his lecture he has lunch and finishes his homework at school with his friends. Jonathan doesn’t live with his parents anymore so he has to go home on time to go to the gym and start cooking dinner. He usually watches some netflix when he is done eating or hangs out with some friends. Personal Profile: Jonathan lives in Veldhoven and borrows his parents’ car to go to school daily. He drives in a calm and cautious manner, but isn’t too concerned about the environment when driving. While driving he likes to listen to music, but he stays very aware of his surroundings. Goals, needs, and requirements: Jonathan is very motivated and succeeds in his study. He is also quite active outside of university. He is a very social person who likes to go out with friends and have fun. Jonathan tries to stay healthy and fit by exercising and playing sports. He would only want a device to save energy in his car when it saves him money in the long term and it is not noticeable all the time.

Persona 2 Name: Julia Jansen Age: 29 Gender: Female

“Let our planet live” Source:

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https://www.pexels.com/search/female/ Background/Attributes: Julia is a PhD student in Engineering. She was born in Eindhoven. She studies in Amsterdam and lives in the suburbs of Amsterdam. Her hobbies are doing yoga, shopping, being in nature and hanging with friends. She visits her family almost every weekend. A Day in the life: On a Saturday, she wakes up at 8 am and drives to yoga class. After that, she drives back home and takes a shower. At 11 am, she drives to Eindhoven to visit her parents. They chat and have food together. After that, she goes to a party with her friends in the center of the city. She comes back home with a bike too and she sleeps at her parents’ place. Personal Profile: She takes public transport during normal days and only drives on specific occasions, for example, going to grandparents’ place. She lives alone. She has a second hand manual car. She has a driver's license for four years. On weekdays, she goes to school by bike or transport. In the week, she would travel with her car to do groceries, visit her family or friends. Goals, needs, and requirements: She wants to save up money for vacations, a nicer apartment and maybe an electric car in the future. She also has motivation to protect the environment. She needs something to view the statistics of the energy cost and the harm the car does to the environment so that she can be motivated to save up energy. She does not want to be distracted while driving.

2.4 Brief reflection on the personas in which you indicate the relation to the data and the analysis (max. 300 words)

Jonathan’s demographics and character are derived from one half of the interviewed participants, the ones interviewed by Jilez and Gerben. These participants were all 18 years old, just like Jonathan. They have a busy lifestyle with a lot of parties and sports. This also meant that they are used to sleeping in until 10 am. The participants were first year students, which means they have to put quite a lot of effort into their bachelor. Jonathan does so as well. That is why he rushes to school every morning, without eating breakfast. He does make sure to drive cautious and safe, just like our participants. The environmental impact doesn’t really cross his mind while driving. Another resemblance with our data is that he does not live with his parents anymore, but uses their car to go to university.

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Julia’s demographics and character are derived from the other half of the interviewed participants, the ones interviewed by Lingyi and Hanna. These participants were a bit older and wiser. Julia loves doing yoga and being in nature and is overall a lot more aware of the environment and her surroundings than Jonathan. She has a tighter schedule in the morning than Jonathan, just like these participants. She wakes up on time and starts the day off with some self care. She usually takes the bike or public transport instead of the car. These participants did have their own car, so Julia does as well. She wants to do more for the environment but does not really have the capital and knowledge to do so. A not too noticeable device would motivate her to save the planet. She also loves to go on a vacation, so the money saved will be used for that.

Word Count: 291

Part 3: Concept development 3.1 A (max!) one-page description of your selected design concept, including

- A scenario (see section 11.5.2 of the book) - A storyboard (see section 12.2.3 of the book)

Our product is an app: EnergyBrew. The purpose of the app is to make people aware of their energy usage during their driving. After your car ride, you get a notification on your phone from the app. Here you can see the statistics of your trip. The app will give you personal tips on how to reduce your own energy usage to then improve during the next trip. There is also a long list of general tips. You make your own account in the app and see your personal information and information about your car. You can also add your friends to see their energy usage. This creates a competitive element which can motivate you to be more energy conscious. The app is linked to the software of your car, which makes it possible to measure and retain all the information needed. The app is also able to identify whether the car is driving or not. If it stands still for more than 10 minutes, the trip will be noted as ended. The car driving again is then considered as a new trip.

Scenario Jonathan just went to school for the majority of the day. He had a lecture and completed the homework due the next day with a couple of friends. It is raining outside, when Jonathan wants to go to his house. But luckily he got his driver's license a few months ago and doesn't have to cycle. He walks to his car in the parking lot. While walking, he buys a ticket for a party next week. It’s an expensive ticket, so he doesn't have much money left now. Then he checks his EnergyBrew. He looks at his driving behaviour and statistics from the last couple of days and checks whether he can improve on his energy usage. He hopes that this will help to save some money. Jonathan finally made it to his car and starts the car. He lowers the temperature in his car and turns off his radio. He takes his usual one hour drive home to Veldhoven. Jonathan makes a quick stop at the supermarket to pick up some groceries. He is in and out of the supermarket quite fast, so

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the EnergyBrew continues on collecting data and counts it as a single trip. He arrives in Veldhoven at five pm. Before stepping out of his car he checks his phone again to see if his energy consumption went down with this trip. He sees that he used less energy. It has changed just enough for his overall score to be better than his best friend. Jonathan takes out his groceries and walks to his house. He is hungry so he starts cooking his dinner. Today he eats stew endive, a traditional dutch dish. Before eating dinner he quickly sends a screenshot to his friend of the app, to show that he is better than him. He has finally beaten his score!

Storyboard:

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3.2 Scans or pictures of all 7 Storyply sheets

Storyply sheet 1:

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Storyply sheet 2:

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Storyply sheet 3:

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Storyply sheet 4:

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Storyply sheet 5:

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Storyply sheet 6:

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Storyply sheet 7:

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Part 4: Prototyping (max. 600 words) 4.1 A description of the low-fidelity prototype you made for your user evaluation including one or more pictures.

For our user evaluation, we made six pages of our app. On the first page, the user can start using the app by signing up. On the second page, the user’s profile can be made and their car’s profile too. The next one is the home page, which would contain the personal profile, car profile, current/previous trip, trip history, tips, a leaderboard and settings. This page shows the user everything that the app contains. We also created a “more tips” page, which shows the user that there are general tips in different categories to use less energy. When you click on the plus sign next to “gears”, you get a new page with the tips about this category. The last page is the leaderboard. This shows the competitive part of the app. You can see your rank in energy efficiency compared to your friends. We used InVision to make a ‘working’ version of the app using the pages. The user can click on the “more tips” button, go to the tips pages and swipe to go back to the home page.

Word count: 182

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4.2 List at least three usability goals (see page 19) and at least three user experience goals (see page 22) that you implemented in your low-fidelity prototype. Motivate why these are relevant for your concept and motivate how these goals are implemented in the prototype.

Usability goal 1: Efficiency We want the user to carry out their tasks with a minimal number of steps. They do not have to press a lot of buttons to find the information they are looking for. It doesn't take much time and effort to use the app. In the prototype: For almost every function, it only needs just one press on the homepage to find more information. If the user clicks on the ‘more tips’ button, the app will immediately go to the page with the categories of the tips and with one more click they will find the tips in the category. This is the same for the leaderboard.

Usability goal 2: Learnability We do not want the user to spend a lot of time to learn how to use the app. He or she should be able to start using the app immediately.

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In the prototype: The interface of the app shows the user how to use the app. The words and illustrations show where you can find the information you are looking for.

Usability goal 3: Utility We want to offer the user everything they expect and give them the functions they need. In the prototype: We showed all the functions they need on the home page.

User experience goal 1: Helpful We want to help the user with saving energy while driving. They will get information and tips on how to do this. There is a list with general tips, but they also get personal advice. In the prototype: The user can see the ‘tips’ page. It shows the different kind of categories in which their are tips. They can also see information about their current trips which can help.

User experience goal 2: Motivating After the trip, the user will get tips for the next ride. It is motivating if you know that you can make a profit. The user can also be motivated by the leaderboard. They want to be better than their friends. This can help the user to get the will to save more energy. In the prototype: They can see a leaderboard. It shows that people get points and change in ranking. On the homepage you can also see at which place you are in the leaderboard.

User experience goal 3: Rewarding The user will get more points if they save more energy while driving. You compete with your friends. In the prototype:

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You can see in the leaderboard how many points you and your friends have. The homepage shows how many points you got for your latest trip and your place in the ranking.

Total word count Part 4: Prototyping (max. 600): 590 words

Part 5: User evaluation 5.1 An evaluation plan describing the goals, methods and measures for the evaluation

a) Purpose and goals (max. 50 words) To test if the design of our application meets the usability goals and the UX goals. The reasons of doing evaluations are to find out whether the application would appeal to users and how we can improve the design to meet users’ needs.

Word count: 43

b) Research questions (list only, max. 6) 1. How efficient are users in finding the functions they need through our

application? (efficiency) 2. How easily can users figure out what to do by exploring the interface by

themselves? (learnability) 3. Does the application provide enough functionality that users need to drive

in a sustainable way? And how well does it perform? (utility) 4. Does the application enable users to be more aware of how much energy

they spent during each trip? Does the application provide helpful tips about how to save energy of the cars to users? (helpful)

5. How much does the application motivate users to drive more efficiently? （motivating)

6. Does the application reward users enough so that they will continue using the app? (rewarding)

c) Participant characteristics (max. 50 words) The target group is the group of novice drivers. They have less than five years driving experience. The age of the drivers can vary. Eight participants were included in the evaluation.

Word count: 31

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d) Methods (max. 150 words) A think-aloud procedure and one questionnaire were used. General setup of the test:

1. Introduction of the test to participants a. The reasons of the evaluation b. The informed consent form c. The tasks to do during the think-aloud procedure d. The questionnaire to fill after the think-aloud procedure

2. Ask the participants to use the low-fi prototype to perform the tasks while doing think-aloud procedure. (Record the think-aloud procedure using a recorder)

3. Ask the participants to fill in the questionnaires

Word count: 75

e) Task list (describe 1 task in full, name titles of any additional tasks) 1. Enter own demographic data 2. Read tips for efficient driving 3. Look for statistics of previous driving experience 4. Share own driving experience with friends and look up for own ranking

f) Equipment and logistics (max. 50 words) Equipment: Computers, recorders or phones. Logistics: The tests were taken remotely through Skype, FaceTime or phone call.

Word count: 17

g) Measures (list only) Demographic information from the questionnaire:

1. Users’ age range 2. Users’ gender 3. Users’ occupation 4. Users’ education level 5. Users‘ driving experience 6. Information of users’ cars

Process Measures from the think-aloud procedure: 1. If the users understand the interaction functions in the app. 2. If the users can find the utilities in the app fast.

Outcome Measures from the questionnaire: 1. Number of users who find the app is easy to use.

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2. Number of users who find the app is easy to learn. 3. Number of users who find the app is useful. 4. Number of users who find the app is helpful. 5. Number of users who find the app is motivating. 6. Number of users who find the app is rewarding.

h) Analysis methods (max. 100 words) 1. Summarize the demographics using ratios 2. Calculate average scores of each linear scale question: If the score is

greater than or equal to three then we determine that the design aspect of the application meets users’ need decently; if the score is less then we determine that the design aspect of the application does not meets users’ need and more actions should be considered to improve the aspect of the design.

3. Summarize the comments users made during the think-aloud procedures and the answers of the last question in the questionnaire using an affinity diagram and look for the commons.

Word count: 98

5.2 Overview of the participant’s demographics (max. 150 words)

1. All of the participants are young adults:

5/8 have age ranges between 16 and 20. 2/8 are between 21 and 25. One is between 26 and 30. 4/8 are male and 4/8 are female.

2. Most participants are students of post-secondary education. 6/8 are students. 1/8 is a software engineer. 1/8 is a graphic designer. 3/8 have high school degrees. 2/8 have bachelor degrees. 1/8 has a middle school degree. 1/8 has a master degree.

3. Most participants have less than two years driving experience. 4/8 have one-two year driving experience. 3/8 have <one year driving experience. 1/8 has two-three year driving experience.

4. 4/8 drive frequently (daily to weekly) and 4/8 drive infrequently (equal to or less than one day per two weeks).

5. Almost all of the participants drive a relatively new car in good condition. Word count: 150

5.3 The informed consent form used (only the empty form, DO NOT include personal data!), and the completed ERB form

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5.4 A clear and concise description of the evaluation results (max. 300 words) - Use basic statistic methods in the analysis of quantitative data - Use prober visualizations for quantitative data - Use selective quotes for qualitative data

Quantitative data:

The average score of each usability and UX goals are calculated from the results of the

questionnaire (the results of each question in the questionnaire are attached in the

appendix). All of the average scores were higher than 3, suggesting that we did a decent

job on the design of the application. However, rewarding and utility goals got relatively

low scores.

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Qualitative data:

Many participants found that it is difficult to understand the statistics done by the

application for the driving behaviors and the car conditions:

- “I don’t really understand what the score, displayed on the homepage, means.” - “The number behind my name seems to be my exact score, but I am not sure how it came to be. “ - “I want to know what the score is based on, I am not sure.” - “I would like it more if I can see what the score consists of, like the multiple factors to this car and what other people did good.”

Many participants found it is not easy to find the button to enter each function in the

home page and the “go back” buttons are missing in the sub function pages causing the

unpleasant experience:

- “Do it wrong again” (trying to go back to home page) - “Maybe have more titles for things - eg. my last drive - increase accessibility.”

- “makes visually appealing - makes it more enticing”

- I think it makes more sense if you make a go back button

Some participants found the tips are not customized to users.

- “it would be nice if there are more customized tips.”

Some participants were curious how the application read the data of the fuel and

electricity usage.

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- “How does it get my score? Do I need to plug in something in my car?” Word count: 292

5.5 The questionnaire(s) used

1. What is your age range?

○ <16 ○ 16-20 ○ 21-25 ○ 26-30 ○ >31

2. What is your gender? ○ Male ○ Female ○ Prefer not to say ○ Other

3. What is your occupation? 4. What is the highest degree you gained so far?

○ Primary school ○ Middle school ○ High school ○ Bachelor ○ Master ○ PhD

5. How many years have you been driving? ○ < One year ○ One - two years ○ Two - three years ○ Three - four years ○ Four - five years

6. What kind of car do you drive (brand, model, year)? 7. How often do you drive?

○ Every day ○ Four - six days per week ○ One - three days per week ○ One day per two weeks ○ Less frequently than the options above

8. How far do you drive every time normally? ○ < 5km ○ 5 - 10 km ○ 11 - 30 km ○ 31 - 50 km ○ > 50 km

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(The linear scale of the answers below ranges from 1(highly disagree) to 5 (highly agree).

9. (Efficiency) It requires the fewest steps possible to accomplish what I want to do with it.

1 2 3 4 5 10. (Efficiency) Using it is effortless.

1 2 3 4 5 11. (Efficiency) I can recover from mistakes quickly and easily.

1 2 3 4 5 12. (Learnability) I learned to use it quickly.

1 2 3 4 5 13. (Learnability) It is easy to learn to use it.

1 2 3 4 5 14. (Learnability) I easily remember how to use it.

1 2 3 4 5 15. (Utility) It is useful.

1 2 3 4 5 16. (Utility) It gives me more control over the activities in my life.

1 2 3 4 5 17. (Utility) It meets my needs.

1 2 3 4 5 18. (Utility) It does everything I would expect it to do.

1 2 3 4 5 19. (Helpful) It enables me to be more aware of how much energy I spent during

each trip. 1 2 3 4 5

20. (Helpful) It provides helpful tips about how to save energy of the car to me. 1 2 3 4 5

21. (Motivating) It motivates me to drive more efficiently. 1 2 3 4 5

22. (Motivating) It motivate me to save the energy of the car by doing maintanance regularly and other procedures.

1 2 3 4 5 23. (Rewarding) It is rewarding so I want to keep using it.

1 2 3 4 5 24. (Rewarding) It is pleasant to use.

1 2 3 4 5 25. (Rewarding) It makes me feel more connected to my friends.

1 2 3 4 5 26. What do you think can be improved in the app?

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Appendix - Interviews Interviews - Gerben Koopmans Participant 1 Researcher: This interview is about you as a driver and your environmental awareness. We will start with some standard demographic questions. So, what is your age? P1: I am 18 years old. Researcher: What is your gender? P1: Male. Researcher: Great, no complicated answer. How long have you had your driver's license? P1: Since the 8th of january, 2019. Researcher: And what kind of car do you drive? P1: A volvo V70 and a Saab cabrio, I don’t know which type. Researcher: Okay, how often do you drive? P1: I think once or twice a week. Researcher: What distances do you drive on average? P1: Around 45 minutes, you should figure out the distance yourself. Researcher: Okay, those were all of the demographic questions, now it is time for the real important questions. What kind of driver are you? What is your driving style? P1: Still a little careful, but mostly relaxed and normal. Not wild... Researcher: Not very abrupt or..? P1: No. Researcher: What kind of things do you do while driving? Do you perform any other activities while driving? P1: Yes listening to music, but besides that... Researcher: No eating? P1: No I do not eat while driving. Sometimes I drink something, but I’ll make sure that it gets handed to me. Researcher: What kind of things do you do while driving that could negatively impact the environment? P1: Besides the driving itself? Researcher: I think so yes. P1: Well, nothing. Researcher: Yes okay, I understand. Okay, are you aware of different methods to save energy while driving? And if so, could you name some examples? P1: Do you mean like electric cars? Researcher: More like, what kind of things impact your emissions while driving. P1: A little bit, maybe like your braking behavior. Researcher: Do you have more examples? P1: How energy efficient you drive with like your tachometer, If your rpm is high you are driving less energy efficient. Researcher: So you mean shifting gears?

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P1: Yes. Researcher: Do you have any other examples or not? P1: No that was it. Researcher: So shifting gears and braking behavior, okay. Which of these methods do you use or consider yourself while driving? P1: Both of them. Researcher: Okay, that is good. Do you have an example? P1: Well, when I drive through a neighborhood I have to shift gears and brake to adjust to different speed limits. Researcher: Do you do this in a particular way that is good for the environment? So do you try to shift gears as smooth as possible? P1: Yes I do, and I try to constantly drive at 2000 rpm to drive as efficient as possible. Researcher: Alright. In which way is saving energy important to you while driving? Does it cross your mind at all? P1: No, it doesn’t really cross my mind while driving. Researcher: I thought so already. Different type of question; are you easily distracted while driving? P1: No, not really. I am quite focused. Researcher: You also do not have particular things that distract you? When you are on the road. P1: Maybe when it’s dark out and a light turns on or music starts playing all of the sudden. Researcher: So sudden music or sudden light? P1: Yes, something sudden. Researcher: Would you like to receive feedback on your energy consumption in the car? P1: Depends on how noticeable the feedback is. Someone telling me my energy use constantly or a small indicator in my dashboard is quite a difference. Researcher: So in itself you would appreciate it. The follow up is; what kind of feedback would you prefer? P1: Maybe just a little digit in your dashboard that indicates how energy efficient you are driving. Something that is not in your face, but still a little noticeable. Researcher: Something where you can choose whether you want to look at it or not? P1: Yes, so it does not become too distracting. Researcher: So the next question is more or less the same; what kind of live feedback would you prefer. So that would be something small to glance at while driving. Next question; how much money are you willing to pay for a device that saves you energy? P1: Depends on how much energy it saves. If it saves more than what I would normally pay, then I am willing to spend some money, because it will be cheaper after all. Researcher: Yeah okay, that is kind of an abstract question as well. So you are willing to pay some money to save energy, especially if it saves you money in the long run. P1: Yes, that would motivate me more. Researcher: And what would help or stimulate you to save energy while driving? P1: Well, if it saves me money or if it has a really substantial impact on the environment. Researcher: Yeah I thought so already. Alright that was the whole interview, thank you.

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Participant 2 Researcher: Okay, what is your age? P2: I am 18 years old. Researcher: And what is your gender? P2: I am a male. Researcher: Male, nice, for how long have you had your driver’s license? P2: I’ve got mine since the first of november so that is quite a short time. Researcher: Alright, so for one month. P2: Yes, more or less. Researcher: What kind of car do you normally drive? P2: Just my parents’ car. Researcher: Hahaha and what kind of car is that? P2: It is just a Ford which drives on gasoline. Researcher: Do you know the model as well? P2: A Ford…. I knew it!.. But not anymore. Just a family car. Researcher: Do you by any chance know which year it is from? Probably not. P2: No, no idea, but it is a fairly economical car. That is where it boils down to right? Researcher: Yes, eventually it does. Okay, how often do you drive? P2: On average once a week. I’ll drive home on the weekends, but besides that not much. Researcher: Once a week and how long of a drive is that? P2: I think about half an hour. Researcher: Alright, those were all of the demographic questions. Now we have ten more specific questions. What is your driving style? P2: My driving style? Researcher: Yes. P2: It depends. I think I drive very safe, but I like to speed up on the fastway as well. I do adjust my driving to the weather conditions. Researcher: And do you also drive very abruptly or do you try to drive and steer more smoothly? P2: Well when for example I see a red light I won’t speed up again. I do not like to break at the last moment. Researcher: No, okay, so not really abrupt? P2: No. Researcher: Do you perform any other activities while driving? P2: Not really, just talking or listening to music. Researcher: No eating or drinking or…? P2: No.

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Researcher: What kind of things do you do in the car that negatively impact the environment? Maybe a little vague, because it is separate from the driving itself. P2: So not like speeding up or slowing down? Researcher: No, but you don’t really do anything else while driving, so we can skip this one. P2: Alright, yes, just skip it. Researcher: Are you aware of methods to save energy while driving? P2: Maybe shifting gears smoothly, because the more rpm you have the more energy you consume. If you driver slower you are also saving fuel. Maintaining your car properly, with good tires and such. That’s it I think. Researcher: That’s it? P2: Yes. Researcher: Which of these methods do you use yourself while driving? P2: While driving I try to use all of them. Researcher: So that is; shifting gears smoothly... P2: Yes, shifting gears and not driving fast if it is not necessary. Researcher: Alright, In which way is saving energy while driving important to you? Is it important to you? P2: I do find the environment important so I do pay attention to it, but less than in my daily life. It is less of a priority, because I am more thinking of safety and arriving on my destination on time. Researcher: Yes, I understand. Are you easily distracted while driving? P2: No. Researcher: Are there no specific things that do distract you? P2: Like maybe my phone or something? Researcher: Like, you are not easily distracted, but are there any things that do distract you at all? P2: Yes, conversations, they do distract me. Researcher: So when you have to participate in the conversation yourself? P2: Yes, when I have to talk myself and think about what I am going to say. That makes me less focused on the road. Researcher: Okay, would you like to receive feedback on your energy use in the car? P2: So like tips to drive more energy efficient? Researcher: Every kind of feedback that you can think of, because our follow up question is which kind of feedback you’d like. That can be while driving or at the end of a trip P2: I think that I would appreciate it, but a little subtle so for example a message when you drive at a high rpm that is it impacting the environment. I would like that. Researcher: And you would like to receive those kind of messages while driving? P2: Yes, that is better in my opinion. Researcher: Okay, so that is the type of live feedback that you’d prefer. P2: I think so yes, because after a trip would not really matter anymore.

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Researcher: How much would you want to spend on a device that helps you with your emissions? P2: Like buying a new car? Researcher: No, just a device that could be installed inside your car which helps you with saving energy. P2: Depends on the amount of money that I have. Researcher: What would you pay at this moment. P2: At this moment? 50 euros. Researcher: 50 euros. Do you have any requirements for how much impact it should have? P2: It should have a noticeable impact. I would not want it if it just gives me tips on how to save energy. Researcher: So it has to make a significant difference? P2: Yes then I would want to pay 50 euros for it. Researcher: What would help or stimulate you to save energy while driving? Kind of the same question. P2: Well, a more energy efficient engine, but that is maybe a little too simple of an answer. Researcher: Preferably a small adjustment to your existing car. P2: Well, it would be practical, because you do not have to note it and have the same functionality. I don’t know anything else. Maybe if I have to pay less taxes or something like that. Researcher: Okay, less taxes haha. Those were all of the questions. That is everything I had to know. P2: Interesting

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Interviews - Jilez Aelbers Participant 1 What is your age?

18 What is your gender?

Female How long have you been driving (having your driver license)?

3 months What kind of car do you drive (brand, model, year)

Automatic, 2-wheel drive What car exactly? A Toyota Prius

How often do you drive? Let’s say about 5 times a week

How far do you drive? Its dependent on location, but like an hour max

What kind of driver are you (Describe your driving style)?

Cautious, but not afraid, but confident enough to reach locations without getting into accidents

What else do you do while driving? I listen to music, I don’t text on my phone

What things do you do in the car have a negative impact on the environment? Nothing, I don’t litter, that’s bad, I’m a perfect driver

Are you aware of methods of saving energy when driving? If so, what would examples be.

Like switching the engine off at traffic lights Which of these methods do you use/consider while driving?

That one, because I have to save my petrol because its expensive In what way is saving energy while driving important to you?

Its economically productive, it’s money-saving Are you easily distracted on the road? What kind of things distract you while driving?

Yes, by other drivers tailgating me, people in the car being loud, like my sister singing

Would you find feedback for energy consumption of the car useful? What kind of feedback would you like to get?

A breakdown of media, lights, petrol, AC, so you can make adjustments to save more fuel

What kind of live feedback would you prefer? Visual, not unless it's naturally in your vision

How much money would you like to pay for a design to save energy? So, I’ll save money in the long run, like an investment that will pay for itself

What would help or stimulate you to save more energy while driving? (not really in the interview but ask after the interview)

Money, and also environmental concerns, like CO2 emissions

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Participant 2

What is your age? 19

What is your gender? Male

How long have you been driving (having your driver license)? That would be 7 months

What kind of car do you drive (brand, model, year) A black Toyota land cruiser, automatic

How often do you drive? Probably about every day

How far do you drive? I’d probably say anywhere from 30-60 mins a day

What kind of driver are you (Describe your driving style)?

I’m Cautious and safe What else do you do while driving?

Listen to music What things do you do in the car have a negative impact on the environment?

Things I do in the car? Yeah I don’t think anything apart from driving the car itself

Are you aware of methods of saving energy when driving? If so, what would examples be.

I’m not aware Which of these methods do you use/consider while driving?

- In what way is saving energy while driving important to you?

Both financially and environmentally in a way Are you easily distracted on the road? What kind of things distract you while driving?

I’m not that distracted on the road, like even if I get a text message, I’ll kind of ignore it. Accidents, if I see them on the road that’s the most distracting thing

Would you find feedback for energy consumption of the car useful? What kind of feedback would you like to get?

Probably the emission, like carbon emission, because of greenhouse gases What kind of live feedback would you prefer?

Probably, visual How much money would you like to pay for a design to save energy?

Enough to save money in the long run What would help or stimulate you to save more energy while driving? (not really in the interview but ask after the interview)

Knowing that I’m helping the environment out and its better for the environment and knowing that when I drive its helping, and saving money

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Interviews - Hanna van Rixtel Participant 1 Researcher: This interview will be about saving energy while driving. We will interview novice drives, drivers who have their driving licence less than 5 years, like you. So let's start. What is your age? Participant: I am 18 years old. Researcher: What is your gender. Participant: I am a girl. Researcher: How long do you have your driving licence? Participant: I think almost three months. Researcher: How often do you drive? Participant: I think one time per two weeks. Researcher: Are that long or short rides? Participant: Alternately, tomorrow I have to drive to Den Haag. Researcher: In what car do you drive? Participant: In a Volkswagen Golf. Researcher: Is that a car where you have to change the gear? Participant: Yes. Researcher: What kind of driver are you? Can you describe your driving style? Participant: I don’t know that. I just follow the rules. Researcher: What else do you do while driving? Participant: Not a lot. I listen to the radio. Researcher: What things do you do in the car have a negative impact on the environment? Participant: The exhaust gasses and the heating system. Researcher: Are you aware of methods of saving energy when driving? If so, what would examples be. Participant: You should not drive with a high rotational frequency. Researcher: Which of these methods do you use/consider while driving? Participant: I don’t think, oh this is good for the environment, but I always do it. Researcher: In what way is saving energy while driving important to you?

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Participant: I don’t change this for the environment. When I want the heating on, I will do this. Researcher: Are you easily distracted on the road? Participant: No. Researcher: Also not your music? Participant: No. It is nice. Researcher: Would you find feedback for energy consumption of the car useful? Participant: Maybe on time, but not all the time. Researcher: and what kind of feedback do you want? Participant: I think a voice speaking to me. Researcher: Would you like to pay for a design to save energy? and how much? Participant: I would pay for it, but only when it is a normal price. Researcher: What would help or stimulate you to save more energy while driving? Participant: I really don’t know. Researcher: Okay that were all my questions. Thank you for answering them. Participant: No problem. Participant 2 Researcher: This interview will be about saving energy while driving. We will interview novice drives, drivers who have their driving licence less than 5 years, like you. So let's start. What is your age? Participant: I am 18 years old. Researcher: What is your gender. Participant: I am a woman. Researcher: How long do you have your driving licence? Participant: I am not sure, but I think one and a half month. Researcher: How often do you drive? Participant: One time per week. Researcher: Are that long or short rides? Participant: Mostly like 10 or 15 minutes. Researcher: In what car do you drive?

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Participant: In my mother’s car, a mini. And my father’s car is a Skoda. They are both not automatic cars. Researcher: What kind of driver are you? Can you describe your driving style? Participant: When I am driving, everything goes smoothly. Only the start up is difficult for me. But my father say that I drive smooth. I drive 5 km faster than the maximum speed. I am not really good in parking the car. Researcher: What else do you do while driving? Participant: I listen to music on the radio and talk to the person next to me. Researcher: What things do you do in the car have a negative impact on the environment? Participant: The exhaust gasses and the benzine. Everything that needs to be refilled, all the oil and etc. These are chemical things. Researcher: Are you aware of methods of saving energy when driving? If so, what would examples be. Participant: You should change your gears on time. And I do this. Yesterday I did this even before a rotunda for only a few meters. But I do not change this always. Researcher: In what way is saving energy while driving important to you? Participant: I know all the things, but for me it doesn’t matter, but for the whole world is it not good. Researcher: Are you easily distracted on the road? Participant: No. Researcher: Would you find feedback for energy consumption of the car useful? Participant: Yes a few times, but not all the time. When you see it one time, you get already more aware about it. Researcher: What kind of feedback do you want? Participant: After the ride. Because otherwise you are too much thinking about while driving. When you see it afterwards can you change it next ride. Researcher: Would you like to pay for a design to save energy? and how much? Participant: When I had my own car and it cost not too much money. Then I would pay for it. Researcher: What would help or stimulate you to save more energy while driving? Participant: When I am aware of what I am using when driving. Because I don’t know how bad it really is. Researcher: That were all my questions. Thank you for helping me and answering the questions.

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Interviews - Lingyi Wu Participant 1

● What is your age? ○ 28

● What is your gender? ○ Male

● How long have you been driving (having your driver license)? ○ 2 years

● What kind of car do you drive (brand, model, year) ○ Toyota camery 2013

● How often do you drive? ○ Daily

● How far do you drive? ○ 20 km per day

● What kind of driver are you (Describe your driving style)? ○ I would drive slower with people in my car and drive faster by myself

● What else do you do while driving? ○ Listening to music

● What things do you do in the car have a negative impact on the environment? ○ Gas carbon emission, production process

● Are you aware of methods of saving energy when driving? If so, what would examples be.

○ Good tires and motor oil (synthetic oil), car maintenance on time ○ AC temperature, water tank (AC control better efficiency)

● Which of these methods do you use/consider while driving? ○ motor oil (synthetic oil), car maintenance (5000 miles or a year), change

motor air filter ○ Change air conditioner filter (every five years).

● In what way is saving energy while driving important to you? ○ Money, environmental-friendly

● Are you easily distracted on the road? What kind of things distract you while driving? ○ Yes while tired. Phone messages (not very often because of the map)

● Would you find feedback for energy consumption of the car useful? What kind of feedback would you like to get?

○ Yes. What’s the difference would different gas do to the energy consumption. What’s the efficiency of every part of the car at real-time. How the driver’s behavior influence energy consumption, like braking.

● What kind of live feedback would you prefer? ○ Prefer visual (will look at it when necessary). Audio is annoying.

● How much money would you like to pay for a design to save energy? ○ 10 dollars.

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Participant 2

● What is your age? ○ 29

● What is your gender? ○ Female

● How long have you been driving (having your driving license)? ○ 4 years

● What kind of car do you drive (brand, model, year) ○ Volksvagen CC 2010

● How often do you drive? ○ Daily

● How far do you drive? ○ 20km per day

● What kind of driver are you (Describe your driving style)? ○ Drive carefully. Never too fast.

● What else would you do while driving? Why? ○ Listening to music. Entertainment.

● What parts of the car which have a negative impact on the environment? (modify) ○ Gas - air pollution

● Are you aware of methods of saving energy when driving? If so, what examples would be.

○ Driving slower ● Which of these methods do you use/consider while driving?

○ Driving slower ● In what way is saving energy while driving important to you?

○ For the environment ○ Less expensive

● Are you easily distracted on the road? What kind of things distract you while driving? ○ Yes ○ Phone rings ○ Change the radio (anything that not related to driving)

● Would you find live feedback for your energy consumption useful when driving? ○ Yes maybe (not sure how distracting it is)

● What kind of feedback would you prefer? ○ Small feedback during driving and more feedback later (statistics about the

energy consumption of different parst of the car) ● What kind of feedback would you prefer?

o Audio ● How much money do you want to pay for a design to save energy?

○ Maximum 5 dollars ● Which non-existing methods for saving energy would you come up with? (What

would help or stimulate you to save more energy while driving?) ○ Encourage people to use public transport

Make people aware of how much air pollution (statistics)

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Appendix - Think- aloud procedure in Evaluation User evaluation - Hanna van Rixtel Participant 1 Task 1: Enter own demographic data So do I have to make my own account? I don’t have an account yet. Well then I am going to make my own account I use the sign up button She fills in her data imaginary I don’t know these last two things, so I will fill them in later or something. Now I only have to save my account. Taks 2: Read tips for efficient driving So I think this is the homepage. I see information about myself and my car trips. I think if I will click on this ‘more tips’ button, I will find tips. She clicks automatically on the plus of the gears. She reads all the tips out loud. These are good tips. They are clearly listed. It is good and useful that there are different categories. Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving Oh then I have to go back to the home page. So I will swipe back. The big box is about my latest trip. It looks like I made a good trip. I also get tips about this trip, that is useful. I see a drove a little bit too hard, because I get a tip to drive slower. Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends I think this also a button on the homepage, like everything. I think it is the button with ‘3rd’ on it, but I am not sure, because there is not a title or something. Oh I see Matthew is on top and Thomas is a place lower. These little arrows are useful. I see immediately that I became a little bit better. It's a clear overview. Now it is also more clear that 87 is a good score. I only have to beat Rick and Matthew. It immediately stimulates me. In general I miss titles on the buttons on the homepage. The illustrations don't say enough for me.

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Participant 2 Task 1: Enter own demographic data I am not really sure what demographic date means, but I think that I have to sign up. Because I don’t have an account to log in. So I will create an account and click on the sign up button. My name…. etc (didn’t write it down for privacy reasons). I will save my information, so I click on the save button. I think my account is created now. Yes that is true. I go immediately to the homepage. Task 2: Read tips for efficient driving I think that I can find that on this homepage. I will go quick through all the buttons. Oh yes, there is a ‘more tips’ button. A really clear big button. She clicks on the button. So there are tips in different categories. That is useful. I can just click on the plus for the category I want. I want tips for the gears. She clicks on the plus. Well five good tips, nice. I think this is it. I can use these tips for efficient driving. Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving I don’t think I can find that at this location with all the tips. So I go back to the home page. She swipes and is back at the home page. Well, that was easy. Let’s look for my previous trip. Hmm this box looks like my history. I see the different days. Oh the box that history box is about my previous driving. I get three tips. These tips seem more personal. It is really clear what my score is. It feels good when I see the score is high There is useful information in this box, nice! Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends My friends. I will look for it again on the homepage. I am not really sure which box I have to use. The only button which I don’t understand is the ‘3rd’ button. So I guess it is that one. Yes, it’s a leaderboard. I guess these people are my friends. I see my name at the third place. The button makes sense now. The arrows shows really good how the leaderboard is changing. I feel that I want to be number one, so this motivates me. It is a good app, but I think I have to be remembered to use him. With a notification or something.

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User evaluation - Gerben Koopmans Participant 1 Task 1: Enter own demographic data Okay, log in or sign up. Sign up, oh it works. I will fill in some of my personal information. After filling in I’ll press save instead of cancel. The demographics are logically displayed in the upper left corner of the screen and I love my car. Task 2: Read tips for efficient driving I don’t really understand what the score, displayed on the homepage, means. I don’t see a place for tips. Oh, it is at the bottom of the screens. I pressed the Gears button and it gives a clear overview of what I can change. It is not clear how I go back though. It is clear how I can scroll down within the overview of tips. I do miss a go back button. (Can’t figure out how to go back) Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving I see a nice overview of my driving statistics of the previous week. I do wonder whether it starts on monday every week or if it shifts as you drive for another day. I also do not know if the bars indicate my own statistics or a comparison to other people. Y-axis is not really clear, Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends That is a tough question. I think it is the leaderboard. *presses leaderboard* The number behind my name seems to be my exact score, but I am not sure how it came to be. Participant 2 Task 1: Enter own demographic data I do not have an account so I am going to sign up. I have filled in my information and saved it in the app. The save button is easy to find. I am at the homepage now Task 2: Read tips for efficient driving I pressed more tips to look at the tips. I see an overview of five different things where I can improve. I see that I could scroll down to see different kinds of tips. I pressed on the gears. There are some tips at the “gears” section, they are good to know. I swiped back two times to get back to the homepage. Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving I don’t know where the statistics are, I really can’t find it. Oh it states it right here. I want to know what the score is based on, I am not sure. That way I can know what I can improve on. I can only find my last trip. I don’t really know where I can find other data on my trips. Also I do not understand what the dotted line is for.

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Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends I see a “3rd” at the bottom. I think it means I am in third place on the leaderboard. What is the score based on? I don’t know, is 100 the max? The scoreboard is very clear. Since when did the score change. Is it just the last ride or is it cumulative? If it is for the last trip only it will fluctuate quite a bit. User evaluation - Jilez Aelbers Participant 1 Task 1: Enter own demographic data Press sign up Sees things to fill in Fills in imaginary data Then presses save Task 2: Read tips for efficient driving Read main menu options Reads more tips - clicks on it Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving Though 3rd thing was stats but was leaderboard Found it - main section in the middle Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends Leaderboard button bottom right Nothing else that would show that Shows ranks Feedback: Add colour - makes visually appealing - makes it more enticing But is very user friendly

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Participant 2 Task 1: Enter own demographic data Clicks sign up Sees things to fill in Fills in imaginary data Clicks save Then sees main menu Task 2: Read tips for efficient driving Clicks on tipe page Sees different tip categories Clicks on gears page Reads tips about gears Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving Sees score Sees fuel and electricity usage and tips for next drive Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends Sees leaderboard Sees list of names and scores “I’m in third place, ugh I’m so good” Feedback: Easy to navigate if it were an actual app - everything is very clear Likes idea of feedback Maybe have more titles for things - eg. my last drive - increase accessiblity User evaluation - Lingyi Wu Participant 1 Task 1: Enter own demographic data I am at the first page. Sure I will sign up. You know… my date of birth and everything Sure my other information and save Taks 2: Read tips for efficient driving Oh like a black screen… Okay I figure it out… More tips… Ok I hit the plus next to gears. Those are good tips. Thanks. Do it wrong again (trying to go back to home page) I think it makes more sense if you make a go back button

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Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving So I see the profile, my car and my score. How does it get my score? How does it read from my car? I didn’t do anything. I just made an account. Do I need to plug in something in my car? Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends I saw the leaderboard. I am supposed to be Jonathan in this one right? The competitive elements are kinda cool I guess but I would like it more if I can see what the score consists of, like the multiple factors to this car and what other people did good. General tips: I’d like some introduction pages when I first use it. Participant 2 Task 1: Enter own demographic data Alright I will enter my info to sign up and save. It worked. Taks 2: Read tips for efficient driving I found the more tips button. I am here now. I already know most of these things. I would like to know more customized ones. Task 3: Look for statistics of previous driving I saw some histograms but the variable of y axis is not clear. Task 4: Share own driving experience with friends I found the leaderboard. It would motivate me to use the app more and drive more efficiently. General tips: I understand the application is not completely done yet but it would be nice if there are more clickable buttons and more customized tips.

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Appendix - Results of the evaluation questionnaire

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