Day01_01_Database+Basics

7/24/2019 Day01_01_Database+Basics

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FPT Software 1

Instructor:

DATABASE BASICS


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FPT Software 2

Agenda

Database Concepts Entity Relationship Modeling MS SQL Server (MSSQL Express

2008 !vervie"

Data #ypes DDL DML


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FPT Software 3

$ data %odel is a &description' o both acontainer or data and a %ethodology orstoring and retrieving data ro% container)&*o+ can thin, o a data %odel as thein rastr+ct+re o the data organi-ations. in other"ords. the "ay data is presented to the +ser)'Data %odel is

/ot a thing*o+ cannot to+ch itData %odel are abstractions. %athe%atical algorith%s Concepts)

Data Model


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FPT Software 4

Data base %anage%ent syste%s ollo" partic+lar %odels (,no"n as database %odels to store and%anip+latedata) $ data base %odel is characteri-ed by1

) #he "ay it stores data 1 S#R3C#3RE

2) #he "ay data in the

str+ct+re are %anip+lated1!4ER$#5!/S

Data base %anage%ent syste%s ollo" partic+lar %odels (,no"n as database %odels to store and%anip+latedata) $ data base %odel is characteri-ed by1

) #he "ay it stores data 1 S#R3C#3RE

2) #he "ay data in the

str+ct+re are %anip+lated1!4ER$#5!/S

Database Systems Models


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FPT Software 5

Evol t!on of Database Model

6

Li%itationsSearching orrecordsData Red+ndancyData 5nconsistency

FLATFILE

Indexed

file 5ndex

#able #able #able

$dvantages

!verca%e li%itations Co%pact Easy to +se $cc+rate

Data in boo,sand registers

Man+al databases


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FPT Software "

T#e $elat!onal Database

& $ D7MS that %anages data as collection otables in "hich all data relationships arerepresented by co%%on val+es in relatedtables)'

&$ D7MS that ollo"s all the t"elve r+les oC!DD is called RD7MS'


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FPT Software %

TA&'E Str (t re 1)2

$ttrib+tes

Cardinalit

y

4ri%aryey

#+ples

S+pplier Do%ainDo%ain

SCode SName Quantity City

S1 Kamran 20 Lahore

S2 Zafar 10 I lama!adS" A#mat $0 Kara%hi

S$ A!dul "$ Lahore

S& Na ir 2& I lama!ad


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FPT Software *

TA&'E Str (t re 2)2


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FPT Software +

E,- .nstan(e of St dents $elat!on

id Name Lo'in a'e ()A

53666 Jones Jones@ca 18 3.4

53444 smith Smith@ecs 18 3.2

53777 Blake Blake@aa 19 3.8

9 Cardinality : ;. arity : 6 . all ro"s distinct

Do all val+es in each col+%n o a relation instance have to be distinctigh level data %odel that is +se +l indeveloping a concept+al design or a database

E$ D!agram E$D6- !ne o the irst steps in designinga database

E$D Elements 1 Entities Relationships $ttrib+tes


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FPT Software 1%

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ngSam le E8$ D!agram


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FPT Software 1*

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ng&as!( E8$ 9otat!on

Entitysy%bols

Relationshipsy%bols

$ttrib+tesy%bols

$ specialentity that isalso arelationship


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FPT Software 1+

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ngAttr!b tes

$ttrib+te property or characteristic o an entity type Classi ications o attrib+tes1

Si%ple vers+s Co%posite $ttrib+te Single Aal+ed vers+s M+ltival+ed $ttrib+te Stored vers+s Derived $ttrib+tes 5denti ier $ttrib+tes


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FPT Software 2/

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ng.dent!f!ers :eys6

5denti ier ( ey $n attrib+te (or co%bination oattrib+tes that +ni?+ely identi ies individ+alinstances o an entity type

Si%ple ey vers+s Co%posite ey

Candidate ey an attrib+te that co+ld be a,eyFsatis ies the re?+ire%ents or being a ,ey Characteristics o 5denti iers1

Gill not change in val+e Gill not be n+ll /o intelligent identi iers (e)g) containing locations or

people that %ight change S+bstit+te ne". si%ple ,eys or long. co%posite ,eys


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FPT Software 21

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ngA (om os!te attr!b te

An attr!b te bro;en!nto (om onent arts


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FPT Software 22

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ngS!m le ;ey attr!b te

#he ,ey is +nderlined


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FPT Software 23

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ng0ard!nal!ty of $elat!ons#! s 1)2

$elat!ons#! s !ne to !ne1 Each entity in the relationship "ill have

exactly one related entity !ne to Many1 $n entity on one side o the relationship

can have %any related entities. b+t an entity on the otherside "ill have a %axi%+% o one related entity

Many to Many1 Entities on both sides o the relationshipcan have %any related entities on the other side

0ard!nal!ty 0onstra!nts the n+%ber o instances o oneentity that can or %+st be associated "ith each instance oanother entity)

Mini%+% Cardinality 5 -ero. then optional 5 one or %ore. then %andatory

Maxi%+% Cardinality1 #he %axi%+% n+%ber

$ l d l


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FPT Software 24

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ng0ard!nal!ty of $elat!ons#! s 2)2


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FPT Software 25

Ent!ty $elat!ons#! Model!ng&!nary relat!ons#! s


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FPT Software 2"

E$ Model 8 0onvert E$ Modelsto $elat!onal s(#ema D& Des!gn6

R+les or converting ER Model torelational sche%a 7asic Conversion R+les Entity #ype R+le M Relationship R+le

M / Relationship R+le 5denti ication Dependency R+le


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FPT Software 2%

E$ Model- D& Des!gn$ le 1 8 E,am le

C3S#!MER relation

C3S#!MER entity type "ithsi%ple attrib+tes

7iHn IJi ,iK+ th c thK th ng thNOng


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FPT Software 2*

M+ltival+ed attrib+te beco%es a

separate relation "ith oreign ,ey

to %any relationship bet"een originalentity and ne" relation

Convert M+ltival+e attrib+te



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FPT Software 2+


EM4L!*EE relation "ith rec+rsive oreign

,ey

EM4L!*EE entity "ith Managesrelationship

Convert 3nary relationship one to one


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FPT Software 3/


Convert binary relationship one to one


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FPT Software 31


EM4L!*EE relation "ithrec+rsive oreign ,ey

EM4L!*EE entity "ithManages relationship

Convert 3nary relationship one to %any


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FPT Software 32


/ote the %andatory one

$gain. no n+ll val+e in theoreign ,eyFthis is beca+se

o the %andatory %ini%+%cardinality

Convert 7inary relationship one to %any


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FPT Software 33


7ill o %aterialsrelationships (M1/

5#EM and C!M4!/E/#relations

Convert 3nary relationship %any to %any


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FPT Software 34


/e" intersectionrelation=oreign ,ey

=oreign ,ey

Co%posite pri%ary ,ey

#he Supplies relationship "ill need tobeco%e a separaterelation

Convert 7inary relationship %any to %any

$


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FPT Software 35

E$ Model- D& Des!gnAnot#er 0onvert!ng E,am le

Convert #ernary relationship

E$ M d l D& D !


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FPT Software 3"

E$ Model- D& Des!gnAnot#er 0onvert!ng E,am le

Convert #ernary relationship


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FPT Software 3%

Ms S


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FPT Software 3*

=#at !s S


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FPT Software 3+

Ms S


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FPT Software 4/

Ms S


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FPT Software 41

Database Eng!ne

Database Engine is the core service or storing.processing. and sec+ring data #his incl+des creating tables or storing data. anddatabase obPects s+ch as indexes. vie"s. and stored

proced+res or vie"ing. %anaging. and sec+ring data


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FPT Software 42

$e ort!ng Serv!(e

Reporting Services (SSRS incl+des1 $ co%plete set o tools that yo+ can +se to create and %anage

reports. $n application progra%%ing inter ace ($45 that allo"s

developers to integrate or extend data and report processing inc+sto% applications


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FPT Software 43

$e l!(at!on

Replication is a set o technologies or copying anddistrib+ting data and database obPects ro% onedatabase to another. and then synchroni-ing bet"eendatabases to %aintain consistency


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FPT Software 44

.ntegrat!on Serv!(es

5ntegration Services (SS5S is a plat or% or b+ilding highper or%ance data integration sol+tions. incl+dingextraction. trans or%ation. and load pac,ages or data"areho+sing


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FPT Software 45

Ms S


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FPT Software 4"

S


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FPT Software 4%

SSMS Demo

De%o


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FPT Software 4*

S


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FPT Software 4+

S


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FPT Software 5/

Ms S


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FPT Software 51

E,a(t 9 mbers

7igint1 8 7ytes)

Store integer data ro% 2 ; to 2 ; #his is +sed in special case "here the integer val+es exceed the ranges+pported by the int data type)

5nt1 7ytes) Store integer data ro% 2 ; to 2 ; #his can be +sed to store pri%ary ,ey o a table)

S%allint) 2 7ytes) Store integer data ro% 2 6 to 2 6

#inyint1 7yte) Store integer data ro% 0 thro+gh 266 #his can be +sed to store pri%ary ,ey o table as Bender or #itle

Deci%al1 /+%eric data types that have ixed precision and scale /+%eric1 #he sa%e as Deci%al

7it1 #his can ta,e a val+e o . 0. or /3LL) Money1 8 7ytes) #his sho+ld be +sed in special case. in nor%al case "e

sho+ld +se deci%al instead


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FPT Software 52

E,a(t 9 mbers Demo

De%o


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FPT Software 53

A ro,!mate 9 mer!(s

=loat Real


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FPT Software 54

A ro,!mate 9 mer!(s Demo

De%o


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FPT Software 55

Date and T!me

SQL s+pport belo" Date and #i%e data type1 Date Dateti%eo set Dateti%e2 S%alldateti%e Dateti%e #i%e


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FPT Software 5"

Date and T!me demo

De%o


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FPT Software 5%

0#ara(ter Str!ngs

Char(n 1 =ixed length. non 3nicode string data):n :8000

Aarchar(nT%ax 1 Stores non 3nicode string data n de ines the string length and can be a val+e ro%

thro+gh 8.000 %ax indicates that the %axi%+% storage si-e 2B7

/char(n 1 =ixed length. 3nicode string data /varchar(nT%ax 1 Stores 3nicode string data


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FPT Software 5*

&!nary Str!ngs

7inary Aarbinary 5%age


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FPT Software 5+

&!nary Str!ngs Demo

De%o


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FPT Software "/

7t#er Data Ty es

ti%esta%p hierarchyid +ni?+eidenti ier s?lUvariant x%l table


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FPT Software "1

7t#er Data Ty es Demo

De%o


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Documents

Day01_01_Database+Basics