Day Seven Test Review – Start Classical Period

First Ten

• We have a Pep Rally today. • Pick up test• Review results • Ask questions!• Will grade essays over weekend FUN!

Hook - Areas for improvement…

• Total AP Average – 84%• 2A – Class Average – 83%• #2, 8, 21, 22, 23, 30

• 3A – Class Average – 81%• #4, 16, 19, 30

• 2B – Class Average – 90% • #4, 6, 22, 30

• 3B – Class Average – 83%• #2, 8, 16, 21, 22, 30

Hook

• Test corrections will be allowed. You must come in during tutoring hours (Monday 3:30-4:15 or Wednesday 7:15-8:00). You will receive ¼ point back for each correct answer. You must use my format for test corrections.

• Unit 2 Standards – Read and discuss prior knowledge

Work Session

• PowerPoint• Conrad-Demarst Model Reading and

discussion• Bentley Article – Outline due next class.

Civilizations through the Classical Period

1. First Wave—River Valley 2. Second Wave—Roman, Persian, Indian, Chinese3. Third Wave—Arab, Mongol and Inca

River Valley Civilizations v. Classical Civilizations

Continuities

Change

Continuities• Monarchs continued to rule most of the new civilizations• Men continued to dominate women – patriarchy • A sharp divide between the elite and everyone else persisted almost

everywhere as did the practice of slavery – social hierarchy • No technological breakthrough such as the Neolithic Revolution

occurred as landowning elites had little incentive to innovate, for they benefited enormously from taking the surplus that the peasant farmers produced• Nor would peasant farmers have any reason to invest effort in creating new

forms of production when they knew full well that any gains they might generate would be seized by their social superiors.

• Merchants, who were often the risk takers, might have encouraged innovations but they were dominated by powerful states and were viewed with suspicion and condescension by the more prestigious social groups.

Changes• Population grew• Growing size of states or empires that structured civilizations dwarfed the city-

states of Mesopotamia• Rise and fall of empires represented changes to the people who experienced them• Great philosophical and religious systems emerged• China was source of technological change which flowed to the West

• Bellows, silk-handling machinery, wheelbarrow, better harness for draft animals, crossbow, iron casting, gunpowder, magnetic compass, paper, printer, porcelain

• India pioneered the crystallization of sugar and techniques for manufacturing of cotton textiles

• Roman achievements in construction and engineering as well as glass-blowing• More dense and widespread networks of communication and exchange

connected many of the world’s people• Long-distance trade routes represented trans-regional interaction exchanged

goods as well as ideas [religion], and diseases

Forced Migration of Jews Created Diaspora Communities

Exchanges

• Exchanges as a Theme in World History• Significance•When is it significant enough to study?• When it is new.• When it affects large numbers of people

and places• When it changes the history of the world.

Exchanges

• When does it occur in world history?• since the beginning of time

• Intensifies when the following historical factors occur• encouraging governments• technological improvements• prosperity that elevates supply and demand• improving mechanisms of exchange

Exchange

• Kinds of exchange• goods and technology• culture and thought• Disease• Biota (flora and fauna)• people

Exchange

• Agents of Exchange• Merchants• Missionaries• Adventurers and explorers• Government missions• War• Migrations

Exchange

• Geography of exchange• Overland• Maritime• Air• direct and intermediary• location-the city or town

Exchange in the Classical Age500 BCE-500 CE

A. Prevalent in the Classical Age due to supportive centralized governments and empire

-Greek Aegean trade networks

Roman roads and Mediterranean networks

Mauryan and Gupta routes

Maya-Olmec-Teotihuacan networks

Austronesian

Bantu Migrations

Silk Roads

• The Silk Road• Prologue--trade networks of Hellenistic Age• Seleucid rulers of Persia and Bactria—land

routes from Indian markets to ports in Syria and Palestine/ spread of Greek culture

• Ptolemy’s land routes from Egypt to Nubia and Meroe and sea lanes in the Red Sea/knowledge of monsoon wind patterns

The Silk Road Overland and Maritime

Items of ExchangeEast to West• Silk• Spices

West to East• Horses• Olive oil• Manufactured goods• Gold and silver

Significance

• Improved technology• Increased wealth and power• Rise of cities and towns• Spread of Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity,

Manichaeism• Spread of disease [small pox, measles,

bubonic plague leads to decrease in population of Han and Rome by 1/4-1/3

Last Ten

• Reading Assignment – How to!• Pg 47 – Teachings of the Rival Chinese Schools

• Bentley Article Outline