Upload
others
View
5
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Day 10: Liberty, Security, and Symbols
Daniel J. Mallinson
School of Public AffairsPenn State [email protected]
PUBPL 304
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 1 / 21
Road map
Discuss liberty-security trade-off
Start discussing problem definition
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 2 / 21
Goals
Goals in Public Policy Making
Equity
Efficiency
Welfare
Liberty
Security
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 3 / 21
Liberty and Security
Ideals
Government needs to balance the community and the individual
Mill: Can curb liberty to protect others from harm
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 4 / 21
The Internet and Insecurity
What types of harm/insecurities can be inflicted via theInternet?
Figure: “2012 Internet Census Size” by Cody Hofstetter, CC BY-SA 4.0
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 5 / 21
Definitions
Insecurity
“worry that something bad will happen.”
Security
Guaranteed absence of bad things; a lack of worry
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 6 / 21
Three Concepts of Security
Psychological
State of mind over things outsideof our control
Political
Security comes from elite policymaking
Scientific
Mathematical assessment of risk
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 7 / 21
Psychological Security
Insecurity is a feeling (dread,anxiety, powerlessness)
Risk is ever present, insecurityis not
Socially constructed
Some issues easier todramatize (murder vs.climate change)
Risk is a matter ofperspective
Figure: Chernobyl Pripyat by Max Pixel, CC0
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 8 / 21
Scientific Analysis
Risk
Likelihood of something badhappening
Expected Value
Product of whether(likelihood) and how bad
Standardized unit for settingpriorities
Figure: Source: Hackmageddon
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 9 / 21
Political Response
DO Something
Want to be seen as taking action
Can lead to overreach
Figure: Source: Symantec 2017
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 10 / 21
Liberty and Security
How can we balance the community and the individualwhen it comes to insecurities/harms that emerge from theInternet?
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 11 / 21
Problem Definition
Symbols
Numbers
Causes
Interests
Decisions
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 12 / 21
Symbols
Politics is partly about telling a good story
Basic definition: something that stands for something else
Symbols tell different stories to different audiences
What does this symbol mean?
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 13 / 21
Symbols
Politics is partly about telling a good story
Basic definition: something that stands for something else
Symbols tell different stories to different audiences
What does this symbol mean?
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 13 / 21
Let’s Tell a Story
Narrative Story
Primary means for contesting policy problems (Stone, 158)
Beginning
Middle
End
Change
Heroes, villains, victims
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 14 / 21
Types of Stories
Change
Power
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 15 / 21
Change
Rising and Decline
beginning, middle, end, heroes, villains, victims, change
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 16 / 21
Power
Helplessness and Control
Common element in all is the assertion of choice
Beginning, middle, end, heroes, villains, victims, change
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 17 / 21
Methods of Storytelling
Synecdoche
Metaphor
Ambiguity
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 18 / 21
Synecdoche
Figure of speech where awhole is represented by one ofits parts
Give single case to “typical”status
Horror stories
E.g., welfare queens,ticking-time-bomb terrorist,death panels
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 19 / 21
Metaphors
Draw a comparison betweenone thing and another
Imply that B should betreated like A, because A andB are similar
Examples: living organism,natural law, machines andmechanical devices, wedgesand inclines, containers,disease, war, names andlabels
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 20 / 21
Ambiguity
Most important feature of a symbol
Provides unity and maneuvering room
Both sides can claim victory
Meaning can change over time
Mallinson Day 10 September 13, 2017 21 / 21