Day 01 Introduction

8/14/2019 Day 01 Introduction

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Introduction to iSeries ServerDay 1

iSeries Server: Introduction

Overview:This module enables the student to understand the concept iSeries Server architectureand some program information.

Outline:Topics covered,

iSeries History.

iSeries Architecture.

Introduction to Login Screen.

Starting with programming

Objective:By the end of this module, the student should be able to:

Understand iSeries Architecture

Understand concept of iSeries Server

Understand the iSeries Hardwareo Concept of LPAR

o Concept of Server Consolidation

Connect to iSeries Server from Windows Desktop

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iSeries History

The iSeries is IBMs latest microcomputer. ISeries server which was formerly known asiSERIES server. iSERIES is one of longest stayed brand name in the computer industry. Itwas sold under this brand name for 12 years. Its highend models provide incredibleprocessing and storage capacity, and its software incorporates the latest advances and

techniques to provide an efficient, easy- to- use, and seamless environment.

Previous Generation of IBM minicomputers:

The history of the iSERIES starts off with the introduction of the System 3 (S/3) in July1969. It was IBMs first entry into low-end systems .as till then they were only into largesystems. Its processing capabilities would be in todays micro range, but for its day it didoffer some technological advances like using punch cards that were one third the size oftraditional punch cards but held 120 percent of the data.

In January 1975, the next member of the S/3X family was introduced. The S/32. It allowedthe user to enter commands directly from a keyboard and had a display screen that couldshow 240 characters. Main memory size for the S/32 was 32K, and it had a13 MB fixed

disk.

The next generation came in April 1977. The S/34 supported multiple workstations(printers and terminals) and could handle up to eight local users at a time. It had 256 K ofmain memory and a 13 MB fixed disk.

The S/38 was the next machine announced in October 1978. It represented a change inarchitecture. It had 32 MB of memory and 14 GB of hard disk, but more important, it wasgeared specially for application development. Its utilities and user interface were built tohelp facilities software development process.

Development continued on the S/34 architecture. The S/36 was introduced in May 1983. Itgrew to support up to 7 MB of main memory and 14GB of disk storage and 72workstations.

In June 1988, IBM announced the ISERIES computer family where AS stands forApplication Systems. It was the expansion of S/38 architecture but also providedapplication program compatibility with S/36. The ISERIES family also differed from S/3Xfamily in several significant ways.

It offered much more compatibility across machines within the family. Programscreated on one model of the ISERIES could be transferred and run on any otherISERIES system without any changes. This was not the case with the programsdeveloped on the S/36 or S/38 as they had a different architecture.

Languages

Several programming languages are available which allow the application programmerchoose the language most appropriate to the application. The following are some of theavailable languages.

RPG/400

CL/400

C/400

Java/400

COBOL/400

ISERIES PASCAL

ISERIES BASIC

Fortan/400

ISERIES PL/I

RM/COBOL-85


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UtilitiesUtilities are designed to help the application programmer create programs and to help thesystem operator manage the system. Some of them are the following,

Application Development Tools helps the programmers design screen and menus,create programs, create an edit source file, and generally increase programmersproductivity.

1. Programming Development Manager (PDM) provides programmers an easy

to use menu interface, each of which can also be accessed directly from thecommand line.

2. Source Entry Utility (SEU) provides the capability to enter the editapplication program source.

3. Screen Design Aid (SDA) provides assistance for creating screens.4. Report Layout Utility (RLU) enables programmers to create and edit reports

images described in data description specifications (DDS) on the system.5. Data File Utility helps users add or change records in a data file.

Business Graphics Utility (BGU) produces various graphic representations of thedata in line, bar and pie charts from existing data.

Performance Tools helps the system operator fine tune system operations, such asbatch processing to achieve the highest level of performance from the system.

Query organizes data for creating reports and summaries from existing databasefiles.

Functions of Operating System iSERIESAn operating system serves several purposes, such as

Assuring efficient use of the computer system

Handling printed output

Scheduling work done by the computer

Communicating with usersiSeries Operating System is a powerful operating system designed specially for the iSeriessystem. The server i5 machines require the new version of OS/400* V5R3, which werecalling i5/OS. This server includes following facilities:

Includes a Hyper visor* component, having the capability to run multiple operatingsystems and a workload manager. For example, today you might have fiveWindows* servers, two Linux* servers, a UNIX* server and an i5/os server.


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1969 System 3

1975 S/32

1977 S/34

1978 S/38

1983 S/36

1988 ISERIES

Ease-of-use

Features

Architectureand

productivityfeature

New features


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Previously, you had different systems-management console to manage the disk,users and passwords on every one of those environments, which usually requiredmore than on person. The Virtualization Engine technology allows a single systemadministrator using one console to work with multiple systems simultaneously andmange an entire IT infrastructure fro one point.

IBM Supplies the operating system with the iSeries system. Operating system supportsboth interactive and batch operationsThe operating system includes

Work Management

Object Management

Message handler

Control Language

Electronic Customer Support

Database Management

Communications

Security

Each item has a definite purpose and responsibility, but they all work together and interactwith each other.

Work management is responsible for maintaining the workflow throughout thesystem.

Object Management locates objects (such as files and programs) when they arerequested

Message handler delivers message back and forth between users, between usersand the system, and between programs.

Control Language provides a set of commands you can use to start your jobs,control your work, and display your messages.

Electronic Customer Support gives you online access to IBM service facilities,technical information, and marketing support information.

Database management handles data stored in database files, that are where it isstored, how to retrieve it, and the characteristics of a data.

Communication all interchanges information or data with remote systems ordevices. Security control and limit user access to the system and objects stored inthe system programs and database files).

Software ArchitectureThere are three categories of software on the ISERIES

Licensed Internal Code (LIC)

Operating system software

Application Software


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Application Software

User

Operating system software

LIC

Hardware

Main Storage

ISERIES

System hardware


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Application SoftwareThis top layer software performs user tasks and acts as the primary interface between the

user and the server. Application software includes system-supplied functions like OfficeVision/400 or PDM(Program Development Manager), Purchased software such as a CASEtool or a Business application like pay roll system, and specialized user-developedsystems. The application software can execute or call the operating systems and LICprograms. Most of the time users work with the application program and screen to executefunctions on the ISERIES.

Operating System SoftwareThis middle layer of software performs many of the housekeeping tasks and manages thesystems resources. It also includes common operating system function, such as copyingand deleting files. These functions can be invoked by application programs, from a menuor directly by entering commands at the keyboard. These operating systems commandsare known as Control Language (CL).

LICThe deepest layer of software, the Licensed Internal Code (LIC) is an IBM supplied set ofprograms that provide the database, security, communications, and other essentialfunctions. Users never interact directly with the LIC, and programmers or system operatorscannot change it. It is considered part of the machine itself.

LIC provides majority of the hardware interface and form a buffer between the applicationprograms and the hardware specifies. Any changes to the hardware necessitatecorresponding changes to the LIC and not the users application program. This eliminates awhole lot of future maintenance costs.

Another advantage provided by the LIC is that by putting functions such as database andcommunications into the LIC their performance is enhanced. Time spent in installing andsetting up of software is eliminated.

Hardware ArchitectureThe iSeries system insulates the users from the characteristics of the underlying hardwareby use of a layered architecture. Various models of the iSeries family of midrangecomputers are available to meet the needs of all sizes of business enterprises. However,single operating systems support the entire product line. This means programs can be runon any iSeries system and moved between systems without change.The iSeries uses multi-processors and two internal storage areas to improve systemperformance. (Diagram shows the hardware components and their relations to oneanother). The speed at which a computer operates depends a heavily on the speed of its

processors, the speed at which data can be transferred from main storage to theprocessors, and the amount of work being performed. The iSeriess hardware architectureaddresses each of these key performance issues.


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ControlStorage

SystemProcessor

StorageProcessor

Service processor

Main Storage

Workstationprocessor

Communicationprocessor

DiskUnits

TapeUnits

Terminals Printers Analoglines

Digitallines

Input/Outputbus


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Hardware ComponentsEssentially, the system processor is the core of the iSeries. It executes the programinstructions and performs all math calculations. It can move information 32 bits at a time,that is, it has a word size of 32 bits It also supports 48-bit addressing. All computers storethe location of data in an address. The size of the address dictates how many storagespaces the processor can uniquely identify.

However, the architecture of the iSeries allows future computers to use 64-bit addressing,thereby providing the iSeries family of computers with a lot more room to grow.

Dynamic logical partitioning (LPAR) is a system architecture virtualized hardwareresources that can be shared by multiple independent operating environments. Originallydeveloped for mainframe computers, LPAR allows the division of a single server into

several completely independent virtual servers or logical partitions.

Main StorageAll programs and data that the system processor is executing are contained in mainstorage. As mentioned earlier, all information is stored in 32-bit words. Information cantravel from main memory to the system processor 32 bits at a time.

Control StorageControl storage is highspeed memory area containing the most often used LICinstructions. All program and operating systems instructions are covered in to simple LICinstructions. The processors electronic circuits, in turn, execute these instructions. Ratherthan having the instructions kept in secondary storage and, when needed, transferred tomain memory, the iSeries developers created this specialized storage area for the mostfrequently used commands. The system processor can access the control storage directly.However, control storage is not large enough to store all the LIC instructions. Some ofthem are stored in auxiliary storage pool. This is a fancy name for the disk storage area,where less frequently used LIC instructions are kept. If a required instruction resides in theauxiliary storage. Pool, access must be made through slower disk device, and theinstructions copied to and then read from the main memory. This process is slower thanthe processor accessing control storage directly.

Input/Output BusThe I/O bus is the internal circuitry that provides the high-speed transfer of data betweenthe system processor and the I/O processors. Only one information transfer at a time canoccur on the bus. Some of the larger iSeries models can support multiple buses and

thereby allow simultaneous transfer of data. Multiple buses increase the overall systemcommunications rate.

I/O ProcessorsThe I/O processors manage all I/O devices attached to the iSeries server. Each of them hasseparate responsibilities and tasks that are performed simultaneously and in coordinationwith the system processor. I/O processors free the system processor from having toperform any external device communication work.

Service processor The service processor is a specialized processor that constantly monitors systemsperformance. The system operator can communicate directly to the service processorperformance The system operator can communicate directly to the service processor

through the iSeries control terminal.


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When the operator brings up the system (performs an initial program load, or IPL), heor she is actually requesting a function controlled by the service processor.

System ConceptsiSeries is designed and built as a total system. This means that facilities such as arelational database and a networking capability (and much more) are fully integrated into

the operating system and the machine. The user communicates with all these functionsthrough a single control language, or by using the system menus and prompts.

iSeries is designed as a general-purpose business computer; it is optimized for thatenvironment Its design reflects the dominants requirements of that environment, whichare:

Of use (from the operators and the end users point of view)

Ability to grow and improve the system without disruption

Optimization for work in the commercial environment, which is Input/Output ratherthan compute-intensive.

There are five basic system concepts:

Layered machine architecture: This insulates users from hardwarecharacteristics. It enables them to move to new hardware technology at any time,without disrupting their application programs.

Object-orientation: Everything that can be stored or retrieved on the system isknown as an object. Objects exist to make users independent of the internalstructure of the machine.

Single-level storage: Everything that can be stored or retrieved on the system isknown as an object. Objects exist to make users independent addressingmechanism. This means that extra main storage or disk storage can be added tothe system and used without affecting the application programs. A user or aprogrammer is not concerned as to where a program or a file is, if they want to useit, they simply name it.

Hierarchy of microprocessors: As well as the main System Processor, iSerieshas a large number of microprocessors. Every Input/Output (I/O) device type on

iSeries has its own microprocessor. This means that requests for data to be writtento or read from any I/O device can be delegated to the processor in charge of thatdevice. Meanwhile, the main System Processor executes another application.

Operating system. OS/400 or I5 OS is a single entity. Fully integrating all thesoftware components (relational database, communications and networkingcapabilities etc.) needed for most commercial computing environments.

Layered Machine ArchitectureiSeries insulates users from hardware characteristics through layered machinearchitecture. This layered architecture raises the level of the machine interface creating ahigh-level machine instruction set that is independent of the underlying hardwareimplementation.

Figure shows the hardware with the licensed internal code that comprises the high-levelmachine. iSeries is unusual in that the machine is defined by software, not by hardware. The instructions presented to the machine interface undergo a further process oftranslation before they are understood by the hardware. This process of translation iscarried out by licensed internal code. Hardware characteristics change as the technologychanges, the user, however, still sees the same machine interface. The licensed internalcode preserves this interface.

Furthermore, some frequently executed routines (that would reside in the operatingsystem of a conventional machine) have been moved into licensed internal code. This runsfaster than a higher-level language, so any applications using routines will realize aperformance gain.

Examples of some basic supervisory and resource management functions that have beenmoved into licensed internal code are validity and authorization checks.


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Layered machine architecture means that as new hardware and software technologiesemerge, they can employ without affecting applications.

Object OrientationObjects exists to make users independent of the implementation techniques used in themachine. The create object instruction establishes the objects name and its type. All

objects are structured with a common object header, and a type-independent functionalportion. An object thus combines the data and the valid methods of using the data intoone entity. Therefore only valid methods of using that date are allowed.

This improves the overall integrity of the system and its data. This also permits the systemto perform standard object-level functions very efficiently; the object type then determinesthe way in which a specific object can be used when retrieved. The architecture supportsmultiple extends to an object.

In other words, a user is not concerned with the space his occupies. The system allocatesspace automatically.

Object orientation gives a strong foundation for new technologies such as artificial

intelligence. The object-oriented iSeries architecture lends itself very well to the utilizationof object-oriented techniques for the representation of knowledge in an expert system.

Single-level storageAll system storage (whether main storage or disk storage) is addressed in the same way.This single, device independent addressing mechanism means that to run program, a usercalls its name. The iSeries is independent of an objects physical location, and the type,capacity and number of disk units on the system.

What this means is that application programs do not require modification in order to takeadvantage of new storage technologies. Users can leave all storage management entirelyto the machine.

Hierarchy of microprocessorsiSeries has a Main System Processor as well as arrange of other processors, eachdedicated to a particular I/O device type. What this means is that when the main systemprocessor encounters a request for data to be written to or read from any I/O device, thatrequest is delegated to the particular microprocessor dedicated to that I/O device.Meanwhile, the system Processor continues with another application program.

This design provides iSeries with its outstanding performance in the commercial,transaction-based environment. It also means that the latest microprocessor technologycan be easily utilized at any time without disrupting the rest of the system.


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Main StorageSystemProcessor

ServiceProcessor

I/O

Processor

I/O

Processor

I/O

Processor

I/OProcessor


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Operating System is a single entityThe above drawing shows the traditional approach for system software. As well as thebasic operating system, further software components, providing facilities such as arelational database management system, support for various communicationenvironments, support for an interactive environment, software to implement security, etc.are needed. Sometimes third parties provide these. The integration of these softwarecomponents always needs careful attention. Customer would need to be certain that therelease levels of the various components are compatible.

iSeries System Architecture

One of the iSeries most important strengths and a key to its success is systemarchitecture. This architecture is based on some unique concepts that had them origin inthe System/38 the predecessor to the iSeries architecture a basic understanding of thatarchitecture is necessary to understand DB2/400. With thought in mind this chapterdiscusses the following iSeries architectural concepts.

High-level Machine Interface

Single-level Storage

Object-Oriented Architecture

Capability-based Addressing

Integrated Relational Database

The iSeries High-Level Machine Interface:The iSeries High level Machine Interface isolates and insulates the System Instruction setfrom the actual hardware that is used to implement the system. The system instruction setis actually implemented in micro code as high-speed control storage. This control storage,which is driven by an independent microprocessor, provides the interface for theinstruction set to the actual hardware.

The high-level MI provides a great deal of flexibility in designing the system and providinguser functions and facilities since the actual iSeries instruction set does not have to beimplemented in hardware or turned into a processor chip. This lets systems engineersdesign a functionally rich, broad-based instruction set at the MI level instead of at theoperating system level or as a separate layer of software residing above the operating

system.

The high-level MI also lets iSeries designers react very to new advanced hardwaretechnologies. Since the iSeries instruction set is isolated and insulated from the actualhardware, it is very easy to implement advanced technology hardware as it becomesavailable. The old hardware is removed, the new hardware installed, the control storage isupdated to reflect the advanced technology hardware, and the iSeries is IPL ed and readyto run with the new technology. No modification have to be made to the iSeries instructionset, thus preserving IBMs investment in the Operating System and the users investmentin application programs.

Single-level StorageUnlike most computer systems the iSeries utilizes a single-level storage design. Under thisdesign the iSeries considers that main memory is the only storage medium on the iSeries


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that all objects reside in main memory. The iSeries architecture supports a 64-bit address,but only 48 bits are currently in use.

Both disk and main memory use the same uniform virtual addressing mechanism.However from the Operating System standpoint all objects on the system are referencedby name only and not virtual address. At the MI level below the operating system, internal

system directory associates an objects name with the virtual address it was given whenthe object was created. A send internal system directory keeps track of object that arecurrently in main memory.

Since main memory is volatile and its contents disappear whenever is lost at a permanentupdated copy of each object is stored on disk and referenced by its virtual address. Anauxiliary storage directory on disk associates a virtual address with a physical diskaddress. iSeries object is given a virtual address when it is created, and is associated withthat address until the object is deleted. In this way single-level storage functions as apermanent virtual addressing mechanism that exists even when the system is notpowered on.

When a program is called or a database file needs to be accessed. Operating System

passes the name of the object to the MI. The name is translated to its associated virtualaddress and the internal system directory is checked to see if the virtual address iscurrently in main memory. If the virtual address is already in main memory, Securitychecking is done for the object and the program or file is made available for use at theappropriate level of security. If the virtual address is not in main memory the object isbrought into main memory by accessing its virtual address in the auxiliary storagedirectory on disk. Which points to the objects physical disk address. The internal systemdirectory is then updated to reflect that the virtual address is in main storage.

What does all this have to do with DB2/400? If you think about the process just outlined. Itbecomes apparent that only one copy of a specific object can be in main memory at anygiven point in time. If two or more users need to access the record or sets records in a file,only one copy of that data is in main storage and all users can share it. Single-levelstorage provides a single consistent copy of data which in most cases inherently shareableacross the entire system.

Server Consolidation:Server consolidation is an enabling technology encompassing not just hardware, but software services.The goal is to optimize and simplify your existing I/T infrastructure - not just the servers, but the entire

end-to-end infrastructure. The objective being to provide a stable foundation for new solution deployment:e-business, enterprise resource planning, supply chain management and business intelligence. The iSeries

can play a vital role for companies eager to reduce server administration costs by relocating existingservers and replacing smaller servers, and can help you gain efficiencies by moving applications running

on multiple servers onto a single server.

The iSeries provides four solutions for companies intending to improve their IT operations through server

consolidation:

iSeries consolidation with logical partitioning (LPAR)

Linux

Lotus Domino

Concept of LPAR:The new LPAR functionality provided by OS/400 V5R1 gives you unprecedented application flexibility. Thereallocation is done without the need to shut down and restart the partition. Also, a portion of anindividual processor can be assigned to a partition, giving you a fine degree of control over the system

and optimizing usage. The possibilities are striking. For example, a company with operations on both sidesof the Atlantic could allocate resources to its European operations while theyre open, then simplyreallocate those resources to the North American operations as the day progresses.

Consolidating your systems with LPAR can help to provide:


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Substantial cost savings for fewer systems and data centers

Improved availability management and service levels

Faster deployment of e-business and modernized applications

Increased ability to rationalize and modernize networks

Centralized international operations with separate languages and time zones

With LPAR on the iSeries, companies have both the power and flexibility to address multiple system

requirements in a single machine. LPAR lets you run up to 32 independent serverseach with its ownprocessors, memory and diskswithin a single iSeries. And theres high-speed TCP/IP communicationbetween partitions, entirely within the iSeries; applications can communicate with one another without

sending data out through the I/O adapters and onto your network.

LAB SESSIONHow to create connection:

Double click on iSeries Operation Navigator


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Click on add a new connection:


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Enter server name or IP address description & click on next which creates connection.

OR double click on this icon:


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After getting this screen click on configure & you are able to see the screen.

Click on OK.


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Enter your given userid amd password so that you get the following screen.

LOGIN SCREENWhere user has to enter the USERID,PASSWORD for entering in iSeries.

Sign On

System . . . . . : S653278B

Subsystem . . . . : QINTER

Display . . . . . : QPADEV0009

User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . user name

Password . . . . . . . . . . . .

Program/procedure . . . . . . . .

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enter Password

Current library . . . . . . . . .


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After entering user and password press enter.With full authority Main Menu looks like this:

MAIN OS/400 Main Menu

System: S653278B

Select one of the following:

1. User tasks

2. Office tasks

3. General system tasks

4. Files, libraries, and folders

5. Programming

6. Communications

7. Define or change the system

8. Problem handling

9. Display a menu

10. Information Assistant options

11. Client Access/400 tasks

90. Sign off

Selection or command===>

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F9=Retrieve F12=Cancel F13=Information Assistant

F23=Set initial menu

When user have some authority then Main Menu looks like this:

MAIN OS/400 Main Menu

System: S653278B

Select one of the following:

1. User tasks

2. Office tasks

4. Files, libraries, and folders

6. Communications

8. Problem handling

9. Display a menu

10. Information Assistant options

11. Client Access/400 tasks

90. Sign off

Selection or command

===>

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F9=Retrieve F12=Cancel F13=Information Assistant

F23=Set initial menu

This is The MAIN MENU screen with COMMAND LINE.

Note:


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Command Line

Menu & menu o tions

Function ke area

Messa e dis la


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The source file MYDDS will be created in library QGPLKey mapping: Click on Remap Keyboard Functions Button.

Customize Keyboard screen will get displayed.


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Remap Keyboard Functions


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Customizing the KeyboardYou can change the function of any of the shift-states of one or more keys; for example,you could make the Esc key function as the Clear key. You can assign macros, functionsor characters to a key. The changes are saved in a Keyboard File, which has a file-nameextension of KMP.

Redefining KeysMany key functions can be redefined to perform a user-selectable function or action fromeither a user-defined literal (character) string or from a key-action list. The characterstring can include the use of "Escape" or Ctrl characters by using the # (pound) character.Refer to Changing a Keyboard-Function Assignment and Changing a Key Assignment.

To change the key function click on the key and select the function from the

Functions drop down menu. For IBM AS400 keyboard some key functions getschanged.Ctrl --> EnterEnter --> Field ExitEsc --> System AttentionShift+ Esc -->Secondary SessionShift+F1 to Shift+F12 --> F13 to F24

Keys that cannot be redefinedSome keys are reserved by Personal Communications or Windows and cannot be changed;the APL-character keys cannot be redefined either.


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Questions on above session:

1. Explain in short previous generations of iSeries. How iSeries is different thanothers?

2. What are the different utilities in OS/400? Explain in short.3. What are the functions of OS/400?4. What is LIC? Explain its significance.5. Explain iSeries Hardware architecture.6. What is LPAR?7. Explain iSeries architectural concepts in short.8. How to work with F13.

Practical Assignment:1. Start Client Access2. Configure the session.3. Login Screen with user id and password.

DukeStar Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 20/20No part of this document can be copied reproduced in any form complete or partial without written consent from DukeStar Technologies Pvt

Documents

Day 01 Introduction