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ASTM D4806 – Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelThis bioethanol specification relates to nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded gasolines at 1 to 10% for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The denatured fuel ethanol must be visually free of sediment and suspended matter, and be clear and bright at ambient temperature or 21°C.

For bioethanol fuels to conform to the specifications of ASTM D4806, they are required to pass the following test methods. Click the test methods below for more information.

ASTM E203 Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM E1064 Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D381 Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation

ASTM D1613 Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products

ASTM D6423 Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75 – Ed85)

ASTM D1688 Copper in Water

ASTM D7318 Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric Titration

ASTM D5453 Determination of Total Sulfur by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

ASTM D5501 Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D7319 Determination of Total and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography

Lab Equipment & SuppliesClick here to see • Lab supplies

• Fluid handling• Electrochemistry• Equipment and Instrumentation

ASTM D7467 – Biodiesel Blend Test Methods & Products

Click here to see

ASTM D6751 – Biodiesel Test Methods & Products

Click here to see

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Bioethanol Test Methods & ProductsA

STM

E2

03

ASTM E203 – Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationKarl Fischer analysis is the only consistently reliable procedure for determining the amount of water in denatured alcohol. Volumetric Karl Fischer titration is used for determining free water and water hydration in most solid or liquid organic and inorganic compounds. This test method is designed for use with an automatic titration system. The titration end point is determined with a platinum electrode sensing a sharp change in cell resistance when iodine is reduced by sulfur dioxide in the presence of water.

This test method is suitable for measurement of water over a wide concentration range. For a more accurate determination of very low levels of water (500 ppm or less), use the Coulometric Karl Fischer titration ASTM E1064.

Schott® Automatic Volumetric Karl Fischer TitratorEverything you need to determine water content of solutions following ASTM E203■ Large, illuminated LCD constantly displays titration statistics■ Use for sample titration, titre water, titre liquid standard, titre tartratedihydrate,

blank value oven, and blank value solventThis automatic titrator is an excellent accompaniment to any lab performing Karl Fischer (KF) titrations. The titration stand suctions out titrated samples with the press of a button; pressing the button a second time deposits fresh solvent in the titration vessel. Liquids are transferred by FEP tubing with UV protection. A magnetic stirrer built into the titration stand evenly mixes sample and solvent. Leakproof titration vessel keeps moisture out.

User-friendly interface visually prompts you to enter data when necessary. Determine the mean value of titration statistics by standard deviation or relative standard deviation. Print out titration results in short, standard, or GLP format. Three KF methods come stored in memory or set up to eight individual methods. Program minimum titration times for samples that slowly release moisture. Set end criteria in drift or time.

The unit comes equipped with two RS-232 interfaces which allow the simultaneous connection of an electronic balance and a printer or computer. Use the supplied software to analyze test results and format data into titration graphs.

What’s included: reagent bottle, titration stand (built-in pump/stirrer, tubing, and software), titration vessel, pH electrode, starter kit (six syringes with hollow, antidiffusion tip needles, molecular sieve, three ampules with water), and 6-ft (1.8-m) power cord with plug.

Specifications

Catalog number Description Power PriceGP-24907-00 Schott Automatic Volumetric Karl Fischer titrator 115 VAC

AccuracySystematic error: 0.1%Random error: 0.05%

Repeatability: 0.15% of nominal burette volume

GP-24906-55 Bottletop adapterGP-24907-55 Replacement pH electrode, double-junction platinumGP-10000-11 Cole-Parmer® Symmetry® PR precision toploading balance. 150 g, ±0.001 g

Capacity: 20 mLOutput: two RS-232Dispensing accuracy: ±0.15% of

nominal burette volume

24907-00

Display: LCD, 11⁄2"HDisplay resolution: 0.01 mLUnits displayed: percent, ppm,

mg, mg/L, mg/piece, or mL

For this test method, you may also need . . .

Sodium tartrate dihydrate

Salicyclic acid

ChloroformPyridine, max 0.1% water

Methanol, max 0.15% water

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether

Acetic acid, glacial

Methanol, Standard


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AS

TM E1

06

4

ASTM E1064 – Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer TitrationKarl Fischer analysis is the only consistently reliable procedure for determining the amount of water in denatured alcohol. Coulometric Karl Fischer titration is suited for determining low concentrations of water in organic liquids from 0 to 2.0%. Unlike the volumetric Karl Fischer technique that includes iodine, the coulometric electrolyti-cally generates iodine, with 10.71 C of generating current corresponding to 1 mg of water. Coulometric Karl Fischer titrations are more accurate for determination of very low levels of water (500 ppm or less).

Cou-Lo Aquamax Coulometric Karl Fischer TitratorUse for ASTM E1064 in the laboratory or out in the field!■ Greaseless glassware provides quick and effortless assembly and disassembly■ Built-in high-speed printer provides hard copy results and duplicates if requiredThe Cou-Lo Aquamax titrator sets new standards in versatility and ease of operation for determining water content in liquids, gases, and powders. The unique ACE (Automatic Compensation of Errors) control system guarantees that the actual electrolysis current produced and the count rate displayed are always correctly synchronized, regardless of changes to the electrolysis cell resistance. This system provides the correct result even if the generator is partially blocked, minimizes errors in daily calibration, and increases the number of samples you can analyze.

A truly versatile instrument, the Cou-Lo Aquamax displays results in %, ppm, mg/kg, and µg of water. Delayed start, automatic three-fold end point indication, and four different calculation modes accommodate a variety of applications. Printed results show statistics, data input parameters, sample ID numbers, and time-and-date stamp. Results can also be downloaded via the optional Results Manager software package into a PC spreadsheet format.

What’s included: built-in stirrer, titration vessel, detector electrode, generator electrode, drying tube, injection septa, glass syringe, luer needle, molecular sieve, stir bar, funnel, printer, paper, universal AC voltage adapter, DC car adapter, and internal battery.

Range: 1 µg to 100 mg waterResolution: 0.1 µgRate: 2.0 mg/min max titrationMoisture range: 1 ppm to 100%

Catalog number Description Power PriceGP-94101-00 Cou-Lo Aquamax Coulometric Karl Fischer titrator 90 to 264 VAC, 47 to 63 Hz

Specifications Accuracy

From 10 to 100 µg: ±3 µgFrom 100 µg to 1 mg: ±5 µg Above 1 mg: ±0.5%

Display: 40-character, alphanumeric, backlit LCD

Units displayed: %, ppm, mg/kg, µgDimensions (L x W x H):

97⁄8" x 93⁄4" x 43⁄4" (25.1 x 24.8 x 12.1 cm)

GP-94101-50 Carrying caseGP-94101-55 Results Manager software packageGP-94101-20 Replacement generator electrodeGP-94101-25 Replacement desiccant tube and capGP-94101-30 Replacement injection septa. Pack of 10GP-94101-35 Replacement glass syringe, 1 mLGP-94101-45 Replacement thermal paper rollGP-94101-60 Replacement reagents pack

94101-00

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Bioethanol Test Methods & Products A

STM

D3

81

ASTM D381 – Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationThis method measures the amount of residue after evaporation of the fuel following a heptane wash. The heptane wash removes the heptane-soluble, nonvolatile material such as additives, carrier oils, and diesel fuels which can potentially clog fuel filters. It has been proven that high gum content can cause induction system deposits and sticking of intake valves.

Existent Gum Test ApparatusEvaporation bath features an aluminum block design for safe, efficient high-temperature operation■ Conforms to ASTM D381 and related specificationsDetermine the existent gum in aircraft turbine fuels by steam-jet evaporation. The evaporation bath is equipped with an air/steam regulator and a flowmeter for adjusting the flow according to the ASTM D381 specifications. Stainless steel jets deliver the steam flow to the test wells while a microprocessor PID control provides temperature stabilization without overshoot. Overtemperature control shuts off the power if the bath temperature exceeds a programmed cutoff.

Use the required steam boiler (sold separately) to provide the instantaneous and reserve steam capacity for the evaporation test. Boiler requires a water feed and three-phase electrical hookup. Electric heating element is industrial-grade incoloy for long life. The steam superheater (sold separately) takes the steam from the boiler and provides dry superheated steam to the evaporation bath. Superheating chamber and trap are constructed entirely of stainless steel.

What’s included: brass adapters and power cord.

Catalog number Description Power Shpg wt lb (kg) PriceGP-59876-11

Existent gum evaporation bath115 VAC, 50/60 Hz 140 (63.5)

GP-59876-12 220 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz 140 (63.5)

Specifications Maximum temperature: 475°F (246°C) Temperature stability: ±1°F (0.5°C) Heater range: 0 to 1500 W Capacity: three positions Dimensions (W x H x D): 321⁄2" x 11" x 19" (83 x 28 x 48 cm)

GP-59876-13 Steam boiler, 208 VAC, 60 Hz, three-phase. UL listed, CSA approvedGP-59876-14 Steam superheater, 220 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz


Acetone Heptane TolueneGP-10000-15 Analyticalbalance, 120 g / 0.1 mg

GP-06137-76 Graduated cylinder, 100 mL

Stainless steel forceps

Required

SystemComponents

1 Evaporation bath2 Steam boiler3 Steam superheater

59876-11


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AS

TM D

16

13

Determines low levels of acidity, below 0.05%, in organic compounds and hydrocarbon mixtures. The total acidity is calculated as acetic acid or milligrams of sodium hydroxide per gram of sample. The sample is mixed with an equal volume of water or alcohol, and titrated with aqueous sodium hydroxide until the phenolphthalein end point is reached. Acidity may be present due to contamination or decomposition during storage and distribution.

ASTM D1613 – Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products

Schott® Automatic Volumetric Titrator Automatically titrate to ASTM D1613 acidity end points using a keypad for digital control

Stand rod and holder (included)

Titration tip and pH

electrode (included)

Cylinder and valve system

(included)

Autotitrator 24906-20

Reagent reservoir 24906-52

Magnetic stirrer (included)

Bottletop adapter 24906-55

Accessories GP-24906-52 Reagent reservoir, one literGP-24906-55 Bottletop adapter for reagent reservoirGP-24906-60 FEP tubing, 40" (100 cm)GP-24906-75 Replacement silver electrodeGP-55503-00 Replacement pH electrode, glass

Accuracy: ±0.15% of spanRepeatability: ±0.15% of spanCapacity: 20 mL

Output: two serial RS-232Dispensing accuracy:

±0.15% of total volumeDisplay resolution: 0.01 mL

Specifications

Catalog number Description Power PriceGP-24906-20

Automatic titrator115 VAC

GP-24906-25 220 VAC

■ Eliminates the difficult task of reading a burette and judging color changes at end points

■ Automatic titrators provide added convenience over manual methodsAutotitrator stops at your preselected pH end point or equivalence point every time. There’s no need to worry about overshooting your end point. Use the keypad to program pre-titration volume and speed.

Use the autotitrator with any combination pH electrode. The pH buffer solutions are stored in memory to make calibration easy. Access the eight pH buffers—2.00, 4.00, 4.01, 6.87, 7.00, 9.18, 10.00, and 12.45—through the keypad.

For high-accuracy dosing, the glass cylinder features an automatic valve system. The integrated system fills without prompting for easy dosing. For incremental dosing operations, adjust the volume and waiting time between volume increments.

Connect FEP tubing 24906-60 and bottletop adapter 24906-55 to 1-L reagent reservoir 24906-52 and titrator to add reagent. Order reservoir, adapter, and tubing separately at right.

What’s included: glass combination pH electrode, magnetic stirrer, titration stand rod, titration tip holder, titration tip with tubing, glass cylinder and valve system, and 3-ft (0.9-m) cord with two-prong plug.


Sodium hydroxide

Isopropyl alcohol

GP-34530-86 Erlenmeyer flask, 250 mL


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STM

D6

42

3

ASTM D6423 – Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75 – Ed85)Determines the acid strength (as pHe) of high ethanol content fuels which include ethanol, denatured fuel ethanol, and fuel ethanol (Ed75 – Ed85) that contain 70% ethanol or higher. The pHe is a good indicator of the corrosion potential of the ethanol fuel. It is preferable to the total acidity measurement, which does not accurately account for different acid strengths.

When pHe of ethanol is below 6.5, fuel pumps can malfunction as a result of film forming between the brushes and commutator, and fuel injectors can fail from corrosive wear and excessive engine wear. When the pHe is above 9.0, fuel pump plastic parts fail.

05718-51

Thermo Scientific Orion Star A-Series Benchtop pH MeterDurability and dependability make this the ideal choice to deliver accurate, reliable dataOrion Star A-series of benchtop pH meters are ideal for every laboratory. Large informative display shows readings with temperature, battery life, electrode status, meter mode, calibration data, power source, and more. Auto-Read™ function locks in the stable readings.

This A211 meter supports a multilanguage interface, improved stability algorithms, expanded data logging, and better data security over the Star meter. Meter uses RS-232 or USB for connectivity and includes data analysis software.

What’s included: electrode arm with probe holder and universal power adapter. Order electrode separately above.

GP-05730-52 Outer chamber fill solution for ROSS Sure-Flow electrodes, 3 M KCl. Case of five 60-mL bottles

Catalognumber Applications Description

Length x dia(mm)

Referencecell type Price

GP-05718-51 General-purpose; viscous and dirty solutions Glass,combination 120 x 12 ROSS

GP-05718-53 For rugged use, general-purpose; viscous and dirty solutionsEpoxy,

combination 120 x 12 ROSS

58825-22

Thermo Scientific Orion ROSS® Sure-Flow® pH ElectrodesASTM has standardized on the ROSS Sure-Flow electrode as a necessary component for ASTM D6423 testingThese electrodes combine the Sure-Flow easy-clean junction with the speed, accuracy, and stability of ROSS electrodes. Flushable junction prevents clogging.

What’s included: 3.3-ft (1-m) cable and BNC connector, and 50 mL of 3 M KCI fill solution.


Stirrers Hydrochloric acid

Stir bars Hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide

Potassium chloride

GP-05942-15 pH buffer solutions pack

Catalog number Description Power Price

GP-58825-22 A211 pH meter 100 to 240 VAC (power adapter included) or four AA batteries (not included)

Meter only


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AS

TM D

16

88

Test Method A determines amounts of dissolved and total copper in samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the range of 0.02 to 5 mg/L. Dissolved copper in the sample is measured without pretreatment, whereas total copper samples are measured after being pretreated with a hydrochloricnitric acid digestion and filtration.

ASTM D1688 – Copper in Water

Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerMicroprocessor provides proven analytical performance

Catalog number GP-28750-10 GP-28750-15Bandwidth 0.2, 0.7, or 2.0 nm (selectable)Wavelength range 190 to 900 nmWavelength accuracy ±0.2 nmWavelength reproducibility ±0.1 nmOptics 250-mm Ebert-mount diffraction grating monochromatorBurner Titanium head for air/acetyleneHollow cathode lamp Triple HCl power, 0 to 75 mA; to 750 mA in giant poise mode Background correction IncludedDisplay LCD: 16-line backlit for text and graphicsOutput RS-232 and 0 to 1 VDCDimensions (W x H x D) 39" x 11" x 12" (99.0 x 27.9 x 30.5 cm)Power (50/60 Hz) 115 VAC 220 VACPrice

■ A library with methods of analysis for over 60 elements■ Stable optical system allows for high throughput of samples■ Firmware preloaded with operation conditions■ Bandpass resolutions from 20 A to 2 A

28750-10

This advanced microprocessor spectrophotometer features a three-lamp turret for easy change between elements, expanded firmware capabilities, built-in deuterium, and self reversal background correction. Unit is compatible with data acquisition software and can be upgraded to graphite furnace and autosampler to comply with your ASTM needs. Contact our Application Specialists for more information.

Low detection limits and simple, rapid testing methods make this sensitive atomic absorption (AA) spectrophotometer ideal for environmental testing, toxicology, and quality control labs. Selectable bandwidth complies with many EPA methods.

Convenient controls enable optional adjustment of all parameters—lamp and burner alignments, gas flows, light output levels, and operational analysis modes. Prominent display reads adsorption, concentration or emission values. Durability and safety add value to these sensitive instruments. Titanium burner head is enclosed in a high-density polyethylene premix chamber to prevent corrosion. The burner safety interlock system prevents start-up if improper gas is connected or if the burner is not connected.

What’s included: air/acetylene burner, methods library, basic firmware package, and a 6-ft (1.8-m) power cord with three-prong plug.


Acetylene Hydrochloric acid

Nitric acid

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GO220 VAC only


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STM

D7

31

8

ASTM D7318 – Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationThe potentiometric titration determines the total inorganic sulfate content of hydrous, anhydrous, and anhydrous denatured ethanol which are added as blending agents to fuel. This test is normally for the analysis of denatured ethanol samples containing 1.0 to 20 mg/kg total inorganic sulfate.

Sulfates have been identified in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits, contributing to sulfuric acid emissions. The sulfate content can be used to determine if the ethanol is acceptable for automotive engine fuel use.

Schott® TitroLine alpha plus Titration System for Total SulfateOver 100 downloadable methods—including total sulfate ASTM D7318 ■ Large graphical display with clear prompts■ High-precision dosing cylinders ensure titration accuracy■ Monitor titration curve developing in real time and maintain control of processThe alpha plus titrator is a stand-alone programmable volumetric unit with two RS-232 interfaces to combine with a PC, sample changer, piston burettes, and more. Perform volumetric, redox, and potentiometric titrations with assistance of user-friendly interface. This titrator features over 100 preprogrammed titration methods, with preset programs including titration parameters and equations. Methods can be customized and stored for future analysis.

alpha plus titrator includes: overhead glass rod stirrer, stand rod, titration tip and holder, glass combination pH electrode, interchangeable 20-mL burette, reagent bottle glassware kit, keyboard, and 11-ft (3.4-m) power cord with three-prong plug.

24902-20

Accuracy: ±0.1% of span Repeatability:


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Test M

eth

od

S

ASTM D5453 – Determination of Total Sulfur by Ultraviolet FluorescenceDetermine the total sulfur content in biodiesel samples, which should be essentially sulfur-free. Sulfur can affect the performance of the emissions control systems and engine wear.

ASTM D5501 – Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyEthanol content is important in determining the blend ratios for adding denatured fuel ethanol into the finished gasoline. The ethanol content of denatured fuel ethanol will vary based on levels of denaturant, water, and the minor components common to ethanol production. Ethanol is determined from 93 to 97% mass.

ASTM D7319 – Determination of Total and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyThis test method covers a direct injection ion chromatographic procedure for deter-mining existent and potential inorganic sulfate and total inorganic chloride content in hydrous and anhydrous denatured ethanol to be used in motor fuel applications. It is intended for the analysis of ethanol samples containing between 1.0 to 20 mg/kg of existent or potential inorganic sulfate and 1.0 to 50 mg/kg of inorganic chloride.Sulfates and chlorides have been identified in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits. The sulfate and chloride content can be used to determine if the ethanol is acceptable as automotive engine fuel use.

For these test methods . . . Contact us at 800-323-4340 for more information on products that conform to these test methods.

ASTM E203 – Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationASTM E1064 – Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer TitrationASTM D381 – Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationASTM D1613 – Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related ProductsASTM D6423 – Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol Ed5 – Ed8ASTM D1688 – Copper in WaterASTM D318– Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationASTM D5453 – Determination of Total Sulfur by Ultraviolet FluorescenceASTM D5501 – Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyASTM D319– Determination of Total and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Io

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