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David L. Pope, Executive DirectorSustaining the Missouri River
America’s Inner Coast SummitJune 22-24, 2010
Summary MR Association of States & Tribes Missouri River Reservoir System Pick–Sloan Program (1944 FCA) Missouri River Recovery Program MR Authorized Purposes Study
Purpose - Forum for discussion and resolution of water and natural resources issues of common concern
Directors appointed by Governors of WY, MT, ND, SD, NE, IA, KS and Tribes
Water management and fish & wildlife Interact with Federal agencies, Congress
and other organizations
River historically dominated by federal projects and reservoir operations
1944 FCA (Pick-Sloan Program) History of disputes – aggravated by
major droughts Corps Master Manual Revisions ESA – Missouri River Recovery
Fort Peck
Oahe
Garrison
Big Bend
Fort Randall
Gavins Point
Montana
Kansas
Iowa
Nebraska
NorthDakota
South Dakota
Wyoming
Missouri
Colorado
Bank Stabilization and Navigation ProjectSioux City, IA – St. Louis, MO
Congressionally AuthorizedProject Purposes
Flood ControlNavigationHydropowerIrrigationRecreationWater SupplyWater QualityFish and Wildlife
(Including endangered species)
Conflict over various uses Upstream v. downstream Navigation v. recreation Endangered species v. economic
uses Ecosystem restoration
Drought of the 1930’s Economic Depression Unsustainable Agricultural Practices National Industrial Recovery Act
1933, authorized public works projects Fort Peck Dam completed in 1939
1943 Devastating Mo River Floods Nation Viewed Resources as Unlimited
Omaha meeting of USBR and USACE Interior Department and Army Collaborate on
1944 priorities Focus on Development Support for single plan not unanimous
• Tribes particularly opposed• Displaced thousands of Native
Americans• Garrison Dam alone displaced
289 of 357 families• Compensation never resolved to
tribes satisfaction
Added Fort Peck Added hydropower at Fort Peck 500 miles levees from Sioux City to
Kansas City Authorized 90-plus reservoirs Hydropower at 13 tributary dams Hydropower at 5 main stem dams 800,000 kilowatts (2.4M today)
Garrison Diversion to irrigate 2.4 million acres
Oahe Diversion to irrigate 400,000 acres
Irrigation proposed – 5.3 M acres Most of the irrigation from the
mainstem reservoir system was not developed
Land inundated in MT, ND, SD, including Tribal reservations
Be prepared to take full advantage of this great river development,” he added, “it will eliminate destructive floods, provide vast new acreage of irrigated land, make available a new source of vital power, provide more water for domestic use, give an impetus to river navigation and provide recreation at areas which will attract thousands of tourists.” General Pick - 1948
Navigation has a long history on the Missouri River
Congress authorized major channel improvements just after the 1944 FCA
The navigation channel extends from Sioux City, Iowa to the mouth
A 300 foot wide channel, nine feet deep is maintained by the USACE
The channel is designed to be self scouring
$668 million - Hydropower $611 million – Water Supply $410 million – Flood Control $87 million - Recreation $9 million – Navigation
Note: Values from Master Manual studies
Missouri River Mile 370.5
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
10000 10500 11000 11500 12000
Distance from Left Bank in Feet
Elev
atio
n in
Fee
t
1974 1998 1952 2007
BUILDING STRONG
Change in Low Water Profile 1990 to 2005
Change in Low Water Profile Between 1990 and 2005
Rulo
St. Joseph
Kansas City
Waverly
Boonville Hermann
St. Charles
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
050100150200250300350400450500
River Miles Above Mouth
(
- Deg
rada
tion)
Cha
nge
in F
eet
(
+ Ag
grad
atio
n)
55,900 cfs38,900 cfs 40,600 cfs 44,200 cfs 45,100 cfs 48,300 cfs
Potential Causes of Degradation(listed in general historical sequence)
Land Use Changes
Dikes and Revetment Construction
River Cut-Offs
Major Flood Events
Missouri River and Tributaries Dam
Construction
Flow Modification by Reservoir Regulation
Commercial Sand/Aggregate Dredging
Sediment major issue Reservoir accumulation Less sediment in lower river Lewis & Clark Res. Study Recovery project issues NAS Sediment Study
Missouri River Recovery Program (MRRP) Missouri River Environmental Restoration
Plan (MRERP) Missouri River Recovery Implementation
Committee (MRRIC) Missouri River Authorized Purposes Study
(MRAPS)
Master Manual Review and Update Section 7 Endangered
Species Act Consultation Biological Assessment Biological Opinion Record of Decision
National Research Council Report
Situation Assessment
Geographic extent of basin
Diverse interests Long-standing
differences Drought Lack of trust Lack of experience
with collaboration No “champion”
Weary of litigation Watershed
approach Power of consensus
recommendations Stakeholders want
a voice in recovery decisions
Congressional Legislation
WRDA 2007 – Sec. 5018 Mitigation & recovery projects MR Ecosystem Restoration Plan MR Recovery Implementation Com. Collaboration & consensus States, Tribes, Stakeholders,
Federal agencies
Habitat Construction / Channel Modification
Propagation / Hatchery Support Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation Flow Modifications Adaptive Management
Missouri River Recovery Program (MRRP)
WRDA 2007- MRERP
- MRRIC
- Intake, MT
- Authority above Sioux City
2003 Biological OpinionMaster Water Control Manual
- Flows
- Habitat
- Adaptive Management
- Propagation
- ISP
1986 & 1989 BSNP Mitigation Program- 50+ Projects
- Aquatic & Terrestrial
- IA, KS, NE, MO
- 160,000 acres of authority
Part of Annual Strategic Review Process Evaluate Status of Meeting BiOp/ BSNP
Mitigation Identify potential gaps in meeting
authorization/mandates Document / refine project selection
process Identify potential refinements to the
program
Evaluated each BiOp item: 3 Mitigation items 70 RPA Elements (69 in 2008) 21 Reasonable Prudent Measures 14 Conservation Recommendations (15 in
2008) Yellowstone Intake CR amended to RPA
element Program has number of measurable metrics A lot is getting accomplished Work has been done on virtually all items, but
based on funding, issue resolution, drought, reservoir capacity requirements, optimistic time frames – MRRP is behind schedule on several items
Basin forum for collaboration on recovery activities
Consideration of public values in recovery decisions
Basin tribes, states, stakeholders, and federal agencies
Provides consensus-based recommendations to entities in the basin
Serves as critical part of Adaptive Management
Summarize Public Scoping & Purpose and Need Coming to closure
Natural Resource (Historic & Existing Conditions) Primary effort now by Cooperating Agencies
Social, Cultural, Economic Values MRRIC
Peer Review
Flood Control continues to be important Navigation Industry Never Reached
Projections Tonnage peaked in 1970’s
MR&I Needs and Projects Development of Recreation Industry Fraction of Irrigation Projects Completed Mo. River Ecosystem Restoration
$50 to 85 Million per year 2 Billion over next 20 years – COE Projected
Need Tribal Issues Remain Largely
Unaddressed
The Government-to-Government –Tribal Consultation
Human Health Impacts from River ManagementWater Intake Shut Down RisksWater Quality Violations from River Operations Pollution from Mining and Other Sources Impact of Sedimentation on Human Health Lack of access to clean safe drinking water
Cultural Resources Protection Inadequate funding to protect known
sites on the River Looting and Vandalism Prevention and
Intervention River Management to Stop Erosion and
Degradation
Management during Drought – LT Climate Change
Sedimentation Impacts Electrical Power Generation
Economic Recovery from Reservoir Flooding
Restoration of Tribal lands and jurisdiction
Restoration of Habitat along the River and native species
Restoration of economies displaced by the reservoir flooding
Sedimentation Issues Mainstem & Tributary Reservoirs
Bed Degradation - Threatens Infrastructure
Water Rights Tribal, State; relationship to Federal role
Need for collaboration & adaptive management approach to operations
NEPA, ESA, Master Manual, Recent Court Actions Global climate shift may = less runoff?
1944 Control The River Mo River Nav. Focus Little Concern for
Tribal Issues Irrigation Non-Collaborative
Governance Sediment Issues Not
Considered
2010 Restore The River Bed Degradation Greater Emphasis on
Tribal Issues MR&I Supply Focus on Collaborative
based Governance Sediment Issue Major
Concern
In the 19th century, we devoted our best minds to exploring nature. In the 20th century, we devoted ourselves to controlling and harnessing it. In the 21st century, we must devote ourselves to restoring it.— Stephen Ambrose
Trends in Annual Streamflow in the Missouri River Basin (All stations; 1957-2006)
Upward Trend
Downward Trend
No Trend
Multi-faceted, Contemporary Look At National and Regional Priorities
Follows recommendation from National Academy of Science
Major Filters Tribal Ecological Economic Sustainable Management Collaborative Governance
Development Era Framework in a Time of Change and when Sustainability is needed
1944 FCA Should Be Periodically Reviewed and Perhaps Rewritten
MR Authorized Purposes Study is the Vehicle Contemporary Uses (MR&I Projects, Energy,
Recreation, Navigation, Ecosystem Restoration, Tribal Needs) Should be Basis of Review
Time for Leadership…
61
• Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009
The Secretary is authorized to conduct a study of the Missouri River Projects located within the Missouri River basin at a total cost of $25,000,000 with the express purpose to review the original project purposes based on the Flood Control Act of 1944, …….to determine if changes to the authorized project purposes and existing Federal water resource infrastructure may be warranted: Provided, That this study shall be undertaken at full Federal expense.
Study Missouri River projects in basin Review original project purposes Determine if changes to purposes and
infrastructure are warranted Change requires Congressional action
63
Geographic region: “Limited to review of the original authorized project purposes within the Missouri River Basin and … review other Federal water resource infrastructure…..”
Work collaboratively with Tribes, State and Federal agencies, and stakeholders in basin and the Mississippi Valley Division
Inventory existing project purposes/conditions; forecast future conditions and evaluate current needs and problems
Incorporate climate change and evaluate potential impacts
64
Evaluate an array of alternatives to determine if changes are warranted
Evaluate effects on the Mississippi River from Missouri River alternatives
Evaluate alternatives on 5 criteria: National Economic Development (NED), Regional Economic Development (RED), Environmental Quality (EQ), Other Social Effects (OSE), and Public Safety
Target completion time is 5 years
65
Inventory of Existing Purposes/Conditions and Forecast of Future Conditions
Evaluation of Alternative Measures Draft comprehensive feasibility report with
integrated Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Final comprehensive feasibility report with integrated EIS for Chief of Engineers Report to Congress.
Note: Congress will decide whether to implement any major changes.
66
US Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution
• Assist with ensuring balanced study• Neutral facilitator (Osprey) retained
Stakeholder Interviews Nine Focus Group Sessions Tribal Meetings also held Final Report Submitted April 2010
Highly politicized environment
Strong sense that change is needed
Extensive public engagement needed
Need to inform, involve, collaborate
Recommended Executive Council
The Tribes must be included
Study being conducted by KC & Omaha Districts Scoping meetings currently being held See www.mraps.org for dates/locations
I am certainly not an advocate for frequent changes in laws and constitutions. But laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made, new truths discovered and manners and opinions change, …institutions must advance also to keep pace with the times.
-Thomas Jefferson
Corps Operations & Big Dam Erahttps://www.nwo.army.milhttp://www.nwd-mr.usace.army.mil/rcc/index.html
Missouri River Recovery:http://www.moriverrecovery.org
Authorized Purposes Study:www.mraps.org
MoRAST: www.mo-rast.org