Upload
judith-june-nash
View
217
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
David Elsaesser Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway
Landau, Poland, Norway
field work, experiments
Task D
Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-2-
Poland, Szczecin
4 ditches 10 Sampling Stations
Application on corn: 28.05.2007•Mesotrione (H)•Nicosulfuron (H)•Atrazine (H)
Application on wheat:25.04.2007•Fenpropimorph (F)•Prochloraz (F)28.05.2007•Propiconazole (F)•Fenpropidin (F)
samples:28.05, 30.05, 07.06, 10.06,
12.06
Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-3-
Norway, Lierdammen
July, August 2008:
-Experiment with Common pesticides
-Preparation started
Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-4-
Monitoring Landau: Substances 2007Analysis:10 Fungicides 2 Herbicides and 4 Insectizides
Detection:All Substances except two Insecticides were detected
Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-5-
Monitoring Landau: Substances 2007Analysis:10 Fungicides 2 Herbicides and 4 Insectizides
Detection:All Substances except two Insecticides were detected
Concentrations:mean total in stream Concentration (runoff events): 1205 µg/l
TU=C/EC50
Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-6-
Monitoring: Toxicity
TU=∑(CSubstance/EC50Substance)
Lieselgraben 20.07.2007TUAlgae_max =7.28
Kropsbach: 31.07.2007TUDaphnia_max =7.13
Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-9-
Outlook 2008
Field Jul - Sept: Experiments Jul - Nov:
Krottenbach (VD, DP) Lier (EW)
Hainbach (VD, DP) Landau (ED)
Kropsbach (DP)
Methods:Samples: Water, Suspended Sediments, Plants, ground
Sediments
Measurement of oxygene, pH, conductivity, N and P
Discharge: Water level loggers
Leaf decomposition bioassays (VD, DP)
Mapping of runoff and drainage entries (VD)
Piacenza 2008, Task H-12-
synopsis
Objective: The application of the prototype mitigation techniques to selected regions in the EU will be simulated in order to assess the mitigation potential as well as the financial implications Models
Steps: 1. definition of reference areas ArtWET sites
2. selection of a suitable model REXTOX ?
3. simulation at reference areas Exposure at point, mitigation
runoff only
available local geodata / free EU geodata
4. simulation at EU-scale existing risk maps (footprint…?)
free EU-geodata
5. estimation of application costs and environmental impact
Piacenza 2008, Task H-13-
Input
• Geodata• SRTM Elevation • CORINE Landcover • EUjrc Octop, soil texture• Precipitation• CCM2 waterbodies, watersheds, points
• Pesticide data• Footprint PPDB
Piacenza 2008, Task H-19-
Model (modified Reus et al., 1999)
Outtake per Hektar Pc (g/ha) 10x10m Cellsize:
Pc = (Q/P) * e (- 3 * ln (2) / DT50soil )*(1/(1+(KOC * %OC/100))) * (1 – I/100) * f 1slope * f 2bufferzone * Pa*1000
Q: Runoff amount (Lutz 1984 und Maniak1992)P: Precipitation [mm]DT50soil halflife soil KOC : partition coefficient in the organic fraction of the soilOC: Organic Carbon in topsoil [%]I: Plant interceptionf 1slope : factor of slopef 2bufferzone: widh of vegetated bufferzonePa: Application amount in [g/ha]
REXTOX Model
Piacenza 2008, Task H-20-
Model part 2
Calculation of the In stream concentration at the sampling point
T = (DH /Vrunoff)/60DH: Hydrological distance [m] of each cell to the sampling point Vrunoff:flow velocity [m/s] T: flowtime from cell output to sampling point as Integer [minutes]
MT = Sum of the Mcell with the same T IntegerMT: output mass of the cells with the same arrival minute [g] Mcell: absolute mass per cell [g]
CT = MT /QstreamCT: In stream concentration of TimestepQstream: Peak stream flow during rain event [l/minute]
The highest CT value describes the peak concentration at T minutes after begin of the Runoff event
Piacenza 2008, Task H-21-
Hainbach simulation: study areaHainbach
Spring in the palatinean forest
Catchment of detention ponds : appr. 585 ha
76 ha intensive winegrowing
25 major runoff and drainage entries from vineyards
Sampling stations upstream and downstream of three consecutive flow through vegetated detention ponds
Piacenza 2008, Task H-22-
Runoff Events with Precipitation > 10 mm/m²
Focus Substance: Tebuconazole- present in all water and sediment samples (Cmax =326 µg/l)- highest average concentration in both years (Cav=136.7 µg/l)- Average retention = 56%
Hainbach Monitoring: Tebuconazole
Piacenza 2008, Task H-24-
Hainbach simulation: Step 2
Rain event of 19 mm/m²
three days after Application
Application rate of 300 g/ha Tebuconazole
Simulated Peak at the Sampling station
35 minutes after begin of the rain event
Cmax 275 µg/l Tebuconazole
Piacenza 2008, Task H-25-
Hainbach Synopsis
In Stream Concentrations show considerable pollution of the monitored surface waterbodies with acute toxic effects to aquatic organisms
Daphnia EC50: 7.13 TUmax Algae EC50: 7.28 Tumax
mean total in stream Concentration (runoff events): 1205 µg/l
Wetlands have a potential to mitigate agricultural nonpoint-source pollution entering surface waters via spray drift or runoff
First results show feasibility of GIS based Runoff Simulation with widely available Geodata:
Measured: Cav = 137 µg/l Tebuconazole
Cmax = 326 µg/l Tebuconazole
Simulated: Cmax = 275 µg/l Tebuconazole
Piacenza 2008, Task H-26-
At issue…
Simulation at EU level
Own simulation existing Risk maps
Runoff runoff, drainage, Spray drift
Good resolution coarse resolution
Best recent geodata
Regional Climate not included
Combined approach:
- Identification of Areas with high risk from existing risk maps
- Exposure Simulation of those areas with best recent geodata (GIS)
- Simulation of Mitigation (GIS)
- Upscaling estimation of application costs and environmental impact