Date: May 1, 2015 Topic: Women’s Rights, African Americans, and Government in the Progressive Era....
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Date: May 1, 2015 Topic: Women’s Rights, African Americans, and Government in the Progressive Era. Aim: How did various groups represent the principles
Date: May 1, 2015 Topic: Womens Rights, African Americans, and
Government in the Progressive Era. Aim: How did various groups
represent the principles of the Progressive Era in the early 20 th
century? Do Now:
Slide 2
The Womens Suffrage Movement 1848: Began in Seneca Falls, New
York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton author of the Declaration of
Sentiments. 1850s: Joined by Susan B. Anthony. The suffrage
movement split into two factions: A.) The radical organization led
by Stanton and Anthony. B.) Moderate side led by Lucy Stone and her
husband Henry Blackwell. 1890: Groups formed to establish the
National American Woman Suffrage Association. STANTON ANTHONY
STONE
Slide 3
The Womens Suffrage Movement Stanton died in 1902 and Anthony
died in 1906. Early 1900s: Leadership of the NAWSA passed on to
Carrie Chapman Catt. Catt abandoned the state by state efforts at
womens suffrage, which had given women the right to vote in only
nine states by 1912. Now the movement would focus on achieving
suffrage through a constitutional amendment. NAWSA membership
expended to over 2 million members. CATT
Slide 4
Passage of the 19 th Amendment The highly visible activity of
women during World War I brought women the public support they
needed to pass the 19 th Amendment. 1920: The 19 th Amendment was
ratified.
Slide 5
Rights of African Americans Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme
Court upheld Jim Crow Laws, which required segregated separate but
equal public facilities for African Americans and whites. Lynching
by white mobs took the lives of hundreds of African Americans. A.)
Booker T. Washington Former slave and founder of the Tuskegee
Institute, urged African Americans to get vocational training to
establish themselves economically. This strategy, he believed,
would increase their own self-esteem and earn them respect from
white society. Washingtons policy, called accommodation, was
expressed in an 1895 speech known as the Atlanta Compromise. B.)
W.E.B Du Bois Harvard educated professor who shared Washingtons
views on education but rejected accommodation. He felt that African
Americans should protest unfair treatment and receive a broad,
liberal education, rather than a vocational one. 1905: Du Bois
founded the Niagara Movement to work for equal rights. More
successful was the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP), started in 1909 by a groups of reformers
including Du Bois and Jane Addams. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON WEB DU
BOIS
Slide 6
Rights of African Americans C.) Marcus Garvey Founded the
Universal Negro Improvement Association, an African American
nationalist and separatist group. The group wanted a separate black
economy and urged African Americans to emigrate to Africa. Many of
Garveys ideas influenced the Black Power movement of the 1960s. D.)
Ida B. Wells A journalist who launched a national crusade against
lynching in the 1890s. She was also a suffragist and one of the
founders of the NAACP. MARCUS GARVEY IDA WELLS For nearly twenty
years lynching crimes have been committed and permitted by this
Christian nation. Nowhere in the civilized world save the United
States of America do men, possessing all civil and political power,
go out in bands of 50 to 5,000 to hunt down, shoot, hang or burn to
death a single individual, unarmed and absolutely powerless.
Statistics show that nearly 10,000 American citizens have been
lynched in the past 20 years. To our appeals for justice the
stereotyped reply has been the government could not interfere in a
state matter.
Slide 7
Reform of State Governments. Progressives enacted reforms to
limit the power of boss controlled political machines on a state
level. Progressive reforms on the state level included: A.) Secret
Ballot A.) Secret Ballot prevents party bosses from knowing how
people vote. B.) Initiative B.) Initiative system that allows
voters to petition the legislature to consider a proposed law. C.)
Referendum C.) Referendum voters decide whether a given bill or
constitutional amendment should be passed. 1917: The 17 th
Amendment was ratified providing for the direct election of
senators. ROBERT LA FOLLOTTE
Slide 8
Theodore Roosevelt and the Square Deal The first Presidents of
this century Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow
Wilson were known as the Progressive Presidents. Roosevelt, elected
Vice President in 1900, became President when William McKinley was
assassinated in 1901. He was elected in his own right in 1904.
Roosevelt recognized the need for consumer protection, influencing
passage in 1906 of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat
Inspection Act.
Slide 9
Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal Roosevelts presidential policy.
The interests of business people, laborers, and consumers should be
balanced for the public good.
Slide 10
Recall Allows voters to petition to have an elected
representative removed from office. Initiative Allows voters to
petition state legislatures in order to consider a bill desired by
citizens. Referendum Allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed
amendment should be passed. Ensures that voters select candidates
to run for office, rather than party bosses. State Reforms Secret
Ballot Privacy at the ballot box ensures that citizens can cast
votes without party bosses knowing how they voted. Direct
Primary
Slide 11
Progressive Era Amendments 16th (1913)Granted Congress the
power to tax income. 17th (1913)Provided for the direct election of
U.S. Senators. 18th (1919) Prohibited making, selling, or
transporting alcohol. 19th (1920)Provided women suffrage
(voting).
Slide 12
Political Reform Anthracite coal strike (1902) union wanted
shorter days and higher wages. nation growing concerned over coal
to heat homes in the winter. Roosevelt threatened to send in the
military to run the mines. Mine owners back down and Roosevelt
becomes the hero of the common man. Importance: First time US Govt.
took the side of labor in a dispute.Importance: First time US Govt.
took the side of labor in a dispute.
Slide 13
1902: Roosevelt settled a coal mining strike by threatening to
take over the mines
Slide 14
Political Reform Continued Roosevelt and Trust Busting Heavily
enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act. Roosevelt wanted to bust the
combination of railroads known as the Northern Securities Company.
Did make a distinction between bad trusts and good trusts. Bad
trust would stifle competition and raise prices/good trust would be
efficient and keep prices low. HOW DOES THIS PORTRAY TR AS A
TRUSTBUSTER?
Slide 15
Slide 16
How does this cartoon reflect Roosevelts stance on Standard
Oil?
Slide 17
National Reclamation Act (1902) Roosevelt Encouraged
conservation by allowing the building of dams and irrigations
systems using money from the sale of public lands. Elkins Act
(1903) Roosevelt Outlawed the use of rebates by railroad officials
or shippers. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Roosevelt Required that
companies accurately label the ingredients contained in processed
food items. Meat Inspection Act (1906) Roosevelt In direct response
to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, this law required that meat
processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and
health-minded procedures. Progressive Era Federal Legislation
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
2 nd Great Awakening Antebellum Reforms [1810s- 1850s]
CIVICIVILWARCIVICIVILWAR Populism [1870s- 1890s] Social Gospel
Progressivism [1890s-1920] 1920s Revivalism New Deal [1930s- 1940s]
1950s Revivalism Great Society & 1960s Social Movements
Christian Evangelical Movement
CONSERVATIVECONSERVATIVEREVOLUTIONREVOLUTIONCONSERVATIVECONSERVATIVEREVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
The Culture Wars: The Pendulum of Right v. Left
Slide 21
Tafts Presidency Roosevelt refused to seek re-election
tradition. More trust-busting under Taft. Continued conservation
added new lands to the national forests. Mann-Elkins Act gave the
Interstate Commerce Commission the power to suspend new railroad
rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies.
Slide 22
Problems with his own Party A.) Payne-Aldrich Tariff Taft
signed the bill raising the tariff after promising not to raise
tariffs during his campaign. B.) Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy Taft
fired Gifford Pinchot the head of the Forest Service a Progressive
ally. C.) Speaker of the House Joseph Cannon Progressive
Republicans hoped to reduce the influence of Canon in the House.
Taft refused Republicans upset. D.) Midterm Elections Republicans
split 1.) conservatives 2.) Progressives - Taft supported the
conservative wing - Many Progressive Republicans successful
Republicans split further.
Slide 23
The Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson (D) Theodore Roosevelt Bull
Moose William H. Taft (R)
Slide 24
Slide 25
How does this cartoon describe what President Wilson did for
the economy?
Slide 26
Woodrow Wilsons Progressive Reform New Freedom pledged to limit
big government and big business end corruption revive competition
by supporting small businesses. Underwood Tariff (1913)
substantially lowered tariffs. Federal Reserve Act (1914) the
banking system is regulated by the federal government. Federal
Reserve Board supervises 12 district banks.