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DATABASES
-2
Competencies
Distinguish between the physical and logical view of data
Describe how data is organized
Describe databases
Describe the five data models
Distinguish among the different databases
Recognize strategic database uses & security concerns
-3
Data
Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events
Two ways to view data
Physical view
Logical view
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Data Organization
Character
Field
Record
File
Database
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Key Field
Unique identifier
Common examples
Social security number
Driver’s license
Credit card account
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Batch Versus Real-Time Processing
Batch processing -- later
Real-time processing -- now
Batch Processing
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Real-Time Processing
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Databases
Sharing – one department to another
Security – passwords to access
Less data redundancy
Data integrity
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Database Management
DBMS engine
Data definition subsystem
Data manipulation subsystemQuery-by-example
Structured query language (SQL)
Application generation subsystem
Data administration subsystem
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DBMS Structure
Hierarchical database
Network database
Relational database
Multidimensional database
Object-oriented database
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Hierarchical Database
Fields or records are structured in nodes
Nodes are point connected like branches
One parent per node
Parent has several child nodes
Airlines may use a hierarchical
database
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Network Database
Hierarchical node
arrangement
Many-to-many
relationship
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Relational Database
Most flexible
Data stored in table or relation
Tables related via a common data item
Easy to use
-14
Multidimensional Database
A variation and an extension of the relational model
Includes a hyper cube
Good for representing complex relationships
Advantages over relationalConceptualization
Processing speed
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Object-Oriented Database
Works with unstructured data Photographs
Graphics
Audio
Video
Objects contain both data and instructions
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Types of Databases
Individual or microcomputer database
Company or sharedOperational
User
Distributed
Proprietary
Web database
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Database Uses and Issues
Strategic usesSpecial type of database called data warehouse
Data mining used to search database
SecurityDatabases are valuable
Protection necessary
-18
A Look to the FutureXperanto
Enhancement to searching for data
Access to structured (relational databases) and unstructured data (word processing and spreadsheet files)
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FAQs
What is data? Name the different types of data.
What is the difference between a physical and a logical view?
What is a key field?
What is a relational database?
What are the five classifications of databases?
What is data mining?
-20
Discussion Questions
Explain how data is organized.
Discuss the difference between batch and real-time processing.
Discuss the advantages of using a database.
Describe the five DBMS models.