Database Software

Brief Description

James Brucker

Free Relational Databases

MySQL - one of the most popular

runs on almost any OS

"free" for non-commercial use only

widely used in OpenSource software - "LAMP" apps

many useful tools: MySQL Administrator (Windows or Linux)

MySQL Query Browser

phpMyAdmin

MySQL now owned by Sun Microsystems

http://www.mysql.com

Free Relational Databases

PostgreSQL - another popular database

Based on Berkeley Postgres

Open Source, can be used in commercial apps without a licence

Reputation as very stable and reliable

Included with Linux, widely used in OpenSource

Has some O-O features

http://www.postgresql.org

Free Lightweight Databases

HSQLDB - lightweight, fast database written in Java

store database in memory or on disk.

can embed in Java application - no separate server

don't need to install a database server or disk-based database

can also run in server mode and access via JDBC

very useful for development, test, and "demo" systems

http://hsqldb.org

Free Lightweight Databases

Derby - lightweight, pure Java database

formerly "Cloudscape", donated to Apache foundation

very small: 2MB for database engine and JDBC driver

only 1 user can connect at a time

can embed in Java applications - no separate server

similar to HSQLDB

included with Sun JavaEE as "Java DB"

http://db.apache.org/derby

Database without a manager

Berkeley DB - Sleepycat.com (RIP) libraries for embedded database using the OS's file system.

No db manager, No network access, No query language.

used as data tier for LDAP, sendmail, and many Open Source applications.

very small and fast -- faster than any relational DB with manager for random queries and updates.

bought by Oracle in 2006: http://www.oracle.com/database/berkeley-db/index.html

still Open Source under the "Sleepycat Public License" and "Sleepycat Commercial License", which does not require distributing the source code with your app.

Berkeley DB has both a C and pure Java version

language bindings for: C++, Perl, Python, Ruby, many others

Community Edition Databases

IBM DB2 Express-C - relational DB with XML support DB2 is commercial, community edition is free much documentation on IBM academic web site

http://www.ibm.com/university http://www.ibm.com/db2/express

Oracle 11g Express Edition (XE) leading market share among commercial databases XE is simpler to administer than full Oracle http://www.oracle.com

Commercial Databases

Databases ranked by 2006 revenue (million US$).Source: Gartner Research (www.gartner.com)

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Oracle IBM Microsoft Teradata Sybase Other

Getting MySQL

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

Server and client

Query Browser, Admin Tool

Java, ODBC, .Net, PHP

Many platforms:

Windows, Linux, Solaris, Mac OS-X

MySQL Software

Server and Client

mysql-essential-5.x.y-win32.msi

mysql-standard-5.x.y-linux-i686-glib23.rpm

GUI Tools

mysql-gui-tools-5.0r6-platform

mysql-query-browser-1.1.17-win.msi

Connectors

Connector/J Java JDBC

Connector/ODBC Windows ODBC

Connector/Net Microsoft .Net

For CPE Lab, can download from http://se.cpe.ku.ac.th/download/mysql

How to Administer MySQL

To manage a database server, you need an administrator account and administration tool

mysqladmin - command line tool

MySQL Administrator - GUI tool from MySQL.com

phpMyAdmin - Web-based admin tool, open source

Webmin - another Web-based admin tool, for Linux

MySQL Administrator

Connection Window

Main Window, "Catalogs" view

phpMyAdmin

http://www.phpmyadmin.net

mysqladmin and mysql

Useful command line tools. Change MySQL administrator password. Create new database. Import data / export data. Modify privilege tables.

cmd> mysqladminUsage: mysqladmin [OPTIONS] command command....Where command is a one or more of: create databasename Create a new database drop databasename Delete a database and all its tables flush-tables Flush all tables password new-password Change old password to new-password reload Reload grant tables shutdown Take server down status Gives a short status message from server version Get version info from server

Create database and tables

cmd> mysql -h hostname -u root -pPassword: ********mysql> create database Students;Query OK, 1 row affected mysql> use Students;Database changedmysql> show tables;Empty setmysql> CREATE TABLE student (

firstname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, id CHAR(8) NOT NULL, birthday DATE, PRIMARY KEY(id));

Query OK, 0 rows affected

Batch mode table/database creation

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS 'City';CREATE TABLE 'City' ( `ID` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `Name` char(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `CountryCode` char(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `District` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Population` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

It is easier and more repeatable to put SQL commands in a file and process the file using a MySQL client. For example:

cmd> mysql -u root -p < filename.sql

Password: ********

or while using mysql:

mysql> source filename.sql

Data in file:

Another Batch Example

-- create table for student data-- use the 'UTF8' character set for Thai names-- Jim Brucker, Jan 2006USE test;-- this will discard any existing data!!!DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students;

CREATE TABLE students ( id CHAR(8) NOT NULL,prefix VARCHAR(24) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',firstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', lastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',enfirstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',enlastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',PRIMARY KEY(id)

) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Adding Data to Tables

Using Comma Separated Text files

cmd> mysql -h hostname -u root -p

Password: ********

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/path/filename' INTO TABLE tbl_name FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' ;

Query OK, 499 rows affected

"James","Brucker","jb@yahoo.com",1234

"George","Bush","president@whitehouse.gov",1111

"Santa","","claus@northpole.org",001

Comma Separated Values (CSV) is a common interchange format for text data. Used by Excel, Yahoo AddressBook, ... many apps.

MySQL Users

What identifies a user?

DBMS accepts connection over a network.

"student" on local machine may not be the same person as "student" on pirates.com

even if "student" is the same, you may want to assign different privileges.

MySQL identifies users as:

username@hostname

Creating a User

Easy way: use MySQLAdmin or phpMyAdmin.

Command line (MySQL 5.0):

mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret';

mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'%.ku.ac.th' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret2';

mysql> CREATE USER 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'hackme';

Managing Users and Permissions

Give "guest" permission to view the World database:

sql> GRANT SELECT ON world.* TO guest;

Allow "student" to insert/edit records in the City table:

sql> GRANT INSERT,UPDATE ON world.City TO student;

All "student" to modify the population field of existing countries (but not add new countries):

sql> GRANT UPDATE(population) on world.Country TO student;

Deny all privileges to everything to "hacker":

sql> REVOKE ALL on *.* TO Hacker;

GRANT / REVOKE Syntax

privilege:SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES,CREATE, ALTER, DROP, INDEX,CREATE_VIEW, SHOW_VIEW

with_option

GRANT OPTIONMAX_USER_CONNECTIONS countMAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR countMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count

GRANT privilege[(column_list)] [, ... ]

ON { table_name | * | *.* | db_name.* }

TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password']

[, ... ]

[WITH with_option ... ]

GRANT / REVOKE Example

student can query, insert, update, and delete records in the world database, but he can't change the database schema or indexing, can't grant privileges to others.

This command also creates a student user with password secret.

GRANT select,insert,update,delete ON world.*

TO student@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;

GRANT / REVOKE Example

Create an admin user for the "wiki" database so that you can create tables, indices, etc.

Access allowed only on local machine, not over network.

Typical way of setting database permissions for a web application.

GRANT ALL ON wiki.*

TO 'wikiadmin'@'localhost'

IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;

Privileges you can GRANT and REVOKE

Type of Operation Statement

View table data SELECT

Add rows to a table INSERT

Modify data in a table UPDATE

Delete rows DELETE

Reference a table from another REFERENCES

Drop tables DROP

Create or Alter tables CREATE, ALTER

Index a table by an expression INDEX

All privileges ALL

Exercise

Create a user named "hacker".

Give hacker permission to view data in world.Country and world.City, but not world.CountryLanguage.

Give hacker permission to view, insert, update, and delete rows in all tables in the test database.

Resources

MySQL http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/dotnet/

Learning SQL http://www.w3schools.com/sql/

nice tutorial and command reference