Database Consolidation using the

Oracle Multitenant Architecture

Pini Dibask,Product Manager, Database SolutionsDell Software Group

[UGF6588] Sunday, Sep 18th 2016

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About Me …

Pini Dibask, Product Manager, Database Solutions (Dell Software)

Oracle Database Technologist & Architect with 10 years of experience

Oracle Certified Professional DBA (OCP)

Blogger: OracleDBPro.BlogSpot.com

Email: Pini.Dibask@Software.Dell.com

LinkedIn: http://Linkedin.com/in/pinidibask

Google+: https://Plus.Google.com/+PiniDibask87

Twitter: @pini_dibask

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About Dell Software Database Tools Portfolio

Monitor

ReplicateTeam Collaboration for

productive data professionals

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Agenda

Introduction to Database Consolidation

Oracle Multitenant Concepts

Ensuring QoS in Multitenant environment

RAC and Multitenant

Performance Monitoring for Multitenant environments

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Introduction to Database Consolidation

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Database Consolidation - Prior to Oracle 12c

Server Consolidation

Multiple databases reside on a single server

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Database Consolidation - Prior to Oracle 12c

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Database Consolidation

Single database with multiple schemas

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Database Consolidation - Challenges8

Name Collisions

Same schema name or same public synonym name

Security

DBA can access data of both applications

Upgrades

You cannot patch/upgrade only one schema

Point-In-Time Recovery

Impossible to perform schema level point-in-time recovery

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Multitenant Architecture

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Database to Instance Relationship

Pluggable Database

Self-contained Oracle database

Root Container

Oracle-supplied metadata

Pluggable Databases (PDBs)

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One set of background processes

One SGA

One root container

Multiple Pluggable Databases

Up to 252 PDBs

Oracle 12c - Multitenant Architecture

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Multitenant Architecture cont’d

Pluggable Databases share the following files:

Undo Tablespace

Redo Logs

Control Files

(S)Pfile

Temporary tablespace

Note: PDBs may create their own temporary tablespaces

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Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

Data Guard

Data Guard operates at CDB-Level

Maintenance at CDB-Level = Reduced DBA efforts

CDB-Level granularity for Switchover/Failover operations

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Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

Upgrades

Upgrade or apply a patch at CDB-Level

https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/upgrade_pdbs_everything_at_once1

Unplug/plug PDB into another container database

https://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/entry/upgrade_pdbs_one_at_a

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Multitenant Advantages - Unplug/Plug

Moving PDB from one container to another is straightforward

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Multitenant Advantages - Fast Cloning

Clone PDB from another PDB within the same CDB

Requires source PDB to be OPEN READ ONLY

Note: “Hot Clone” will be available in 12.2

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Clone PDB from another PDB in remote CDB

Requires source PDB to be OPEN READ ONLY

Note: “Hot Clone” will be available in 12.2

Multitenant Advantages - Fast Cloning

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Multitenant Advantages - Manage Many as One

RMAN – Granular Backup & Restore Options

Backup entire container as one or at PDB level

Recover entire container as one or at PDB level

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CDB-Level vs. PDB-Level

CDB-Level

• Oracle Software

• SGA & Background Processes

• Character Set

• RMAN Scheduled Backups

• Data Guard

• Some Parameters(IsPDB_Modifiable= 'FALSE')

• Control Files, Redo and Undo

• (S)Pfile, Password File

• Flashback Database

PDB-Level

• FLUSH SHARED_POOL

• FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE

• Point In-Time Recovery

• RMAN Ad hoc Backups

• Some Parameters(IsPDB_Modifiable= 'TRUE')

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Multitenant Architecture - CDB_* Prefix

CDB_* All objects in CDB across all PDBs

DBA_* All objects in specific PDB

ALL_* Objects accessible by current user

USER_* Objects owned by current user

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Multitenant Architecture - Containers

CON_ID Description

0 Entire CDB/Non-CDB

1 Root container

2 Seed container

3-254 User PDBs

Created by default -Used as a template PDB for cloning

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Multitenant Architecture - Users

Local User

Identity known only in PDB-scope

Common User

Identity known in the root and in all PDBs

C## Prefix (COMMON_USER_PREFIX parameter)

CDB$ROOT

PDB1 PDB2ERP CRM DW HR

C##U1 C##U2

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Multitenant Architecture – Users cont’d

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PDBs’ state after instance startup

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Mounted by default (!)

Only from 12.1.0.2

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Oracle 12c - Deployment Options

DB CDB$ROOT CDB$ROOT

PDB1 PDB1 PDB2 PDB252

Non-CDB

Same as before 12c

Single Tenant

• No additional license

• One active PDB

Multitenant

• Extra Cost Option

• Requires Enterprise Edition

• Supports up to 252 active PDBs

…

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Oracle 12c - Deployment Options cont’d

Why use Single Tenant instead of Non-CDB?

Unplug/Plug

Fast Cloning

And most important …

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Oracle 12c – DBCA

Non-CDB Single Tenant / Multitenant

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Ensuring high level of QoSwith Multitenant environments

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QoS Challenges - Multitenant environments

PDB-Level QoS challenge

Allocation of resources among competing sessions

Example: One session consumes too many resources

CDB-Level QoS challenge

Allocation of resources among competing PDBs

Example: One PDB consumes too many resources

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The Solution – Oracle Resource Manager

PDB-Level Resource Plan

Specifies how resources are allocated to consumer groups

Prioritize resources between competing sessions

CDB-Level Resource Plan

Specifies how resources are allocated to PDBs

Prioritize resources between competing PDBs

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Oracle Resource Manager - The Basics

Resource Manager Elements

Resource Plan

Resource Plan Directive

Consumer Group Resource Plan“WEEKEND”

Directive 170% of CPU

Directive 220% of CPU

Directive 310% of CPU

Consumer Group“WAREHOUSE”

Consumer Group“OLTP”

Consumer Group“OTHERS_GROUPS”

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Oracle Resource Manager - 12c Multitenant

CDB Resource Plan Directive

CPU Shares

CPU Utilization Limit

Parallel Servers Limit

Memory Limit (Will be available in 12.2)

Example

Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit Parallel Servers Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100% 100%

DWH 1 1/4 = 25% 60% 100%

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Obtain information about default CDB resource plan

Obtain information about default PDB directive

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Oracle Resource Manager - 12c Multitenant

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CDB-Level Resource Plan Example

Resource Plan“Daytime_CDB_PLAN”

PDB

“OLTP”PDB

“DWH”

Directive 2Guaranteed CPU: 25%Maximum CPU: 60%

Directive 1Guaranteed CPU: 75%Maximum CPU: 100%

Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit Parallel Servers Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100% 100%

DWH 1 1/4 = 25% 60% 100%

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Creating CDB Resource Plan

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Pluggable Database

CPU Shares

Guaranteed CPU

CPU Limit

OLTP 3 3/4 = 75% 100%

DWH 1 1/4 = 25% 60%

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Creating CDB Resource Plan cont’d

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Manually enabling resource plan

Manually disabling resource plan

Enabling/Disabling CDB Resource Plan

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Automatically Enable/Disable CDB Resource Plan

Enabling/Disabling CDB Resource Plan cont’d

Resource Plan Name

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RAC & Multitenant

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Why RAC & Multitenant?

Single Instance & Multitenant challenges

Not Scalable = Limited Consolidation Solution

Instance Down Downtime for all PDBs

RAC makes Multitenant better

Scalable = True consolidation solution

Available = Instance Down PDBs continue running on other nodes

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RAC & Multitenant

Multitenant fully supports RAC

PDBs can be opened on specific instances

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Services

Single SGA per

CDB Instance

Node1

CDB Instance 1

Node2

CDB Instance 2

Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

RAC & Multitenant

PDBs workload distributed across RAC instances

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RAC & Multitenant

Services

Single SGA per

CDB Instance

Node1

CDB Instance 1

Node2

CDB Instance 2

Node3

CDB Instance 3

Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

PDBs workload distributed across RAC instances

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RAC & Multitenant

Preferred Instance Available Instance

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Shutting down the preferred instance

PDB automatically starts in the other instance

RAC & Multitenant

PDB opened only in Preferred instance

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Performance Monitoring for Multitenant Environments

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Workload Analysis - Multitenant Environments

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Workload Analysis - RAC & Multitenant

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Multi Dimensional Analysis

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Multi Dimensional Analysis

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Multi Dimensional Analysis

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Multitenant & AWR

Snapshots are taken at CDB-Level

AWR tables reside in CDB$ROOT container

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Multitenant & AWR cont’d

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Multitenant & AWR cont’d

AWR reports are available at CDB & PDB levels

DBA_HIST_* views are visible at PDB level

Unplug PDB does not contain AWR information

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Data available in PDB via object-link to the CDB$ROOT container

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Summary

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Summary

Multitenant architecture can simplify Database consolidation

Cloud deployments (DBaaS) - Great use case for Multitenant

Non-CDB deprecation -> Faster Multitenant adoption period

Monitor PDBs workload distribution over time

Overcome QoS challenges with Services & DBRM

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References57

Introduction to the Multitenant Architecture (Oracle Documentation)

https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNCPT/cdbovrvw.htm#CNCPT89234

Managing Resources with Resource Manager (Oracle Documentation)

https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/dbrm.htm#ADMIN027

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER (Oracle Documentation)

https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_resmgr.htm#ARPLS050

Introduction to a Multitenant Environment (Video by Tom Kyte)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MrouEW9j88

Oracle Multitenant (White Paper)

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c-1949736.pdf

Note: All diagrams and illustrations are used by permission of Oracle

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Questions?

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Thank You!