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Data Center StandardsThis document outlines Indiana University Data Center guidelines and standards, including equipment installations, data center access, and operational procedures.
2016
University Information Technology Services
System Assurance Group
Table of Contents
1. Requesting installation
1.1 Space request
2. Acquisition guidelines
2.1 Rack mounted devices
2.2 Equipment specifications
2.3 Power
2.4 Receiving and placement
2.5 Equipment arrival notification
3. Equipment installation
3.1 Data Center staging area
3.2 Cabinet design
3.3 Cabinet/Rack
3.4 UPS
3.5 KVM solutions
3.6 Hardware identification
3.7 Disposal of refuse
3.8 Combustible and flammable material
3.9 Installation review
3.10 Negotiations
3.11 Replacement parts
4. Equipment removal
5. Operations procedures
5.1 Data Center access
5.2 Equipment registration
5.3 Essential information
5.4 Change Management
5.5 Monitoring tools
5.6 Security
5.7 System backups
5.8 Data Center tours
6. Data Center Networking6.1 Campus Network Availability
6.2 Projects / RFPs
6.3 Requesting Network Connectivity
6.4 Firewall Security
6.5 Rack Ethernet Switches
6.6 Internal Rack Wiring
6.7 Sub-Floor Copper/Fiber Wiring Requests
6.8 Server Network Adapter Bridging
6.9 Server Network Adapter Teaming/Trunk/Aggregate Links
6.10 SAN Fiber Channel (FC) Switches
6.11 Multicast
6.12 Jumbo Frames
6.13 Tagged VLANs
6.14 IPv6
7. Data Center Network Firewalls7.1 Exception requests
7.2 A general guideline
7.3 Hosted based firewall
7.4 Outbound traffic
7.5 Service port ‘Any (1-65535)’
7.6 Source address ‘Any (0.0.0.0)’
7.7 Destination address ‘Any (0.0.0.0)’
7.8 Entire Subnets as destinations
7.9 Individual DHCP addresses
7.10 DNS entries must exist
7.11 Source & Destination Host Groups
7.12 Firewall security zones
7.13 Rules are specific to a single member firewall zone
7.14 Global address groups
Last updated September 11, 2016
All UITS staff and external departmental staff who have equipment responsibilities in the Data Centers should accept the terms and responsibilities outlined in this document.
1. Requesting installation
1.1 Space request: Prior to your submitting a proposal for new equipment, you’ll need to begin initial discussions regarding machine room space. Once you submit a machine room space request form, the System Assurance Group (SAG) will schedule a meeting. The SAG includes the following participants: the UITS Operations Manager, a representative from UITS Facilities, a representative from Networks, and the system administrator and/or system owner. The purpose of the SAG meeting is to address environmental issues (i.e., equipment BTU and power specifications), space, and floor location. The floor location may be determined based on environmental data.
2. Acquisition Guidelines
2.1 Rack mounted devices: Ensure that you’re purchasing rack mounted equipment -- everything needs to be either mounted in the rack or in its own proprietary cabinet (as opposed to free standing). The Operations Manager must approve any exceptions.
2.2 Equipment specifications: Upon making your equipment selections, send the vendor specification sheet to [email protected]
2.3 Power: Request power for each device from the electrical engineer. Power requests will be handled as follows:
IUPUI: Two rack-mounted cabinet distribution units (CDU) will be installed in each standard rack. These CDUs utilize 208V IEC C13 and C19 outlets. Your hardware will need to operate at 208V and have the proper power cords. Installation of CDUs can take up to a month, so please request power as early as possible. For non-standard or proprietary racks, twist-lock receptacles shall be provided under the floor for connection of user-supplied CDUs.
IUB Data Center: In order to maintain Uptime Institute Tier III requirements, two rack-mounted CDUs fed from different power sources will be supplied in each rack. In order to assist with load balancing, you should purchase hardware with 208V IEC C13 or C19
plugs whenever possible. Please do not plug hardware into any receptacle without authorization of the electrical engineer.
2.4 Receiving and placement: When large, heavy equipment is involved, you’ll need to make arrangements for receiving the order. It is also your responsibility to arrange for the equipment to be moved to the proper place in the machine room. In emergency situations, the Operations staff will act as the contact and receive equipment/parts after normal dock hours.
2.5 Equipment arrival notification: Receiving dock personnel will notify you of equipment arrival (unless otherwise arranged).
3. Equipment installation
3.1 Data Center staging area: IUPUI: There is very little to no staging area outside of the machine room, so you’ll need to use the machine room space to uncrate/unpack and prepare equipment for installation – and you’ll need to move/install all items to their intended location within two weeks. If for some reason you cannot do so within this time period, please make other arrangements through UITS Facilities or Operations. (This will not guarantee other storage locations.)
IUB Data Center: A staging area for equipment is located just off the dock. This space is for uncrating/unpacking and preparing equipment for installation. This area is only for temporary storage – you have two weeks to move/install all items to their intended location. If for some reason you cannot do so within this time period, please make other arrangements through UITS Facilities or Operations. (This will not guarantee other storage locations.)
3.2 Cabinet design: Unless the server manufacturer specifically dictates the equipment must be housed in their proprietary cabinet, all servers will be installed in the standard cabinets provided by Operations. You’ll need to submit proof of vendor proprietary cabinet requirements to SAG. Such cabinets should have front, back, and side panels. Unless someone is working in the unit, cabinet doors must remain closed.
3.3 Cabinet/Rack: Operations will label the cabinet (both front and rear) with the unique floor grid location and with the power circuit serving that unit.
Equipment spacing within the cabinet/rack should allow appropriate airflow for proper cooling. Blanking panels will need to be installed to fill in all vacant rack space.
3.4 UPS: NO rack mounted uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) will be allowed. The Enterprise Data Centers will provide backup power.
3.5 KVM solutions: Rack mounted monitors and keyboard trays are required only if you need KVM. Cabling between racks not allowed.
3.6 Hardware identification: Supply Operations with the appropriate fully qualified server names, and they will label all equipment within the cabinets so that hardware is easily identifiable. You will need prior approval from the Operations Manager and Communications Office to display any signage.
3.7 Disposal of refuse: The person/team installing the device is responsible for the disposal of all refuse (cardboard, styrofoam, plastic, pallets, etc.). Please see that you remove any refuse – and, if possible, recycle any cardboard – from the IUPUI machine room and IUB Data Center staging area on a daily basis.
3.8 Combustible and flammable material: Do not leave combustible materials in the machine rooms – such materials include cardboard, wood, and plastic, as well as manuals and books. This also prohibits the use of wooden tables/shelves.
3.9 Review installation: The person requesting installation should arrange with the Operations Manager for a final review of equipment installation, to ensure that appropriate policies and procedures are implemented before the equipment becomes production ready.
3.10 Negotiations: Any negotiations and exceptions must be arranged between the system owners and the Operations Manager, and approved by the Director of Enterprise Infrastructure and the relevant director or officer of the area involved.
3.11 Replacement parts: All onsite replacement parts should be stored in a storage cabinet or on storage shelves in the storeroom (e.g., for use by service vendors such as IBM or Service Express). Make any necessary storage arrangements with Facilities or the Operations Manager.
4. Equipment removal
4.1 When a new system is replacing a pre-existing machine, the old system must be properly decommissioned via the Change Management process. Submit a request to CNI for the removal of firewall rules for machines that are decommissioned.
4.2 Removal of old hardware must be coordinated with the UITS Facilities Manager and follow all appropriate policy, standards, and guidelines relating to data destruction, wiring removal, and component disposition.
For assistance with wiping personal laptop or dcops personal computer contact [email protected] (EITS Internal Support).
For additional procedures, guidance and risks involved go to the Protect IU site - Online Safety & Security - Hardware & Software Security – Failed Devices and Media - "Guide for disposing of failed devices, media containing data" and "How to securely erase a Solid State Drive."
4.3 Please be sure to include all of the appropriate capital asset transfers.
4.4 The cost of removal is borne by the owner, and all equipment must be removed no later than 30 days after it has been decommissioned. Exceptions to the 30 day removal period require approval by Facilities or the Operations Managers.
5. Operations procedures
5.1 Data Center access: Due to the sensitive nature of the data and computing systems maintained within its facilities, security and access are important aspects of the OVPIT/UITS environment. In most cases, the university is contractually and legally obligated to limit access to only those who have IT responsibilities requiring frequent access.
Security cameras are located throughout OVPIT/UITS buildings. These cameras record footage for follow-up in the case of a security incident. They also provide an effective deterrence function in the safe operation of the building.
UITS staff with responsibilities in the data center may gain access through an arrangement between the department manager and Operations. Requests should be made via the Special Access Request Form.
Persons other than full-time UITS staff are permitted in the data center only under one of the following conditions:
A. They are full-time staff of vendors providing services to UITS: Contract consultants or service representatives may be authorized by prior arrangement with Operations.
B. They are full-time staff of Indiana University working on a system owned by an IU department and housed in the data center, under terms specified in a Co-location Agreement -- access will be granted in situations requiring hands-on system administration, not simply because a system is present on a machine in the data center.
C. They are full-time or contracted staff of a non-IU entity that owns a system housed in the data center, under terms specified in a co-location agreement – again, access will granted when hands-on system administration is necessary, not simply because a system is present on a machine in the data center.
D. They are escorted by a full-time UITS staff member as part of a tour of the facilities.
ID badges and access cards will be provided for those individuals who meet criterion A, B, or C. The ID badges must be worn and visible during visits to the data center. All staff who meets criteria A, B, or C is expected to sign in to the data center through Operations prior to entering the room, and to sign out upon exiting.
Biometric hand geometry scanners are installed at both Data Centers. A registration process will be scheduled and performed by the UITS Facilities or Operations staff. For additional information and to learn about biometric hand geometry scanners, review the internal KB document at https://kb.iu.edu/data/azzk.html (Note: the internal document requires authentication).
The Vice President for Information Technology has developed a policy related to the handling, management and disposition of "biometric" data used in the hand geometry scanner. It is stored in an internal KB document at https://kb.iu.edu/data/bapr.html(note: the internal document requires authentication).
5.2 Equipment registration: Equipment must be registered in the machine room inventory. Send an email to [email protected] if you experience problems accessing the Data Center Inventory System.
5.3 Essential information: The system owner will enter the essential information into the Machine Room Inventory System and update that information if it changes. Essential information includes:
System hardware: A complete description of the machine's hardware configuration, including vendor, model, on-board memory, secondary storage media vendor/type, etc.
System software: A complete description of the machine's software configuration, including operating system vendor, version, patch level, and other major software components on the system
System function: A complete description of the machine's function (the service that it provides)
System recovery: Accurate startup and shutdown procedures and special information relating to crash or other emergency recovery situations
On-call notification: Primary and secondary system contacts and schedules, plus contact information for the manager supporting the system (Please provide prior to production date.)
Vendor and maintenance contract: Vendor contact information, including information related to the maintenance/service contract and warranty (The Operations Manager will assist in negotiating maintenance contracts on behalf of UITS, but budgets for ongoing maintenance should be managed in the individual units.)
5.4 Change Management: The system manager or system administrator needs to participate in the Change Management process, by representing the deployment of a new production system before implementation. At the start of fall and spring semesters, a change freeze of approximately 2 weeks takes place -- dates are posted on the Change Management web site. Only emergency changes with the appropriate approvals should be implemented during change freezes.
5.5 Monitoring tools: Network monitoring tools will scan incoming machines as appropriate. Please supply the network address and any special considerations for the monitoring mode.
5.6 Security: All servers are expected to be administered in a secure manner using industry best practices IT Policy 12, including employment of host based firewalls and operation behind the machine room firewall. You are expected to properly review and formally acknowledge all relevant security polices and standards. For more information, please see the University Information Security Office Resources page.
5.7 System backups: Best Practices should include the implementation of a proper system backup schedule. This includes the deployment of incremental, full, and archive program processes as needed. You must use proven, supported backup software and apply appropriate standards for off-site backup data for production systems.
Enterprise Infrastructure offers a data backup service as part of the Intelligent Infrastructure suite of services.
5.8 Data Center tours: All tours of the machine room must be scheduled with the Operations Manager.
6. Data Center Networking
System Classification:
IU Enterprise Systems: Indiana University systems using IU IP addressing that reside in the enterprise environments at the IUPUI and IUB data centers. These systems the standard top-of-rack (TOR) switching configuration.
Non-IU Colocation Systems: Systems that are using only Indiana University data center space, power, and cooling. These external customers are not using IU IP address space and networking.
IU Research Systems: Indiana University systems that are located primarily on the IU research networks. Physical placement lies within the areas designated as research environments at the IUPUI and IUB data centers.
6.1 Campus Network Availability: All enterprise racks come standard with one switch installed at the top of the cabinet to provide 48 ports of 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet connections into the data center switching infrastructure. 10G or additional 1G switches are available by request at an additional cost. All public and private Ethernet connections are to be provided by UITS unless special circumstances are reviewed and approved by Campus Network Engineering (CNE). This policy applies to Enterprise and any Research System using IU campus networks.
6.2 Projects / RFPs: If you are embarking on a new project, include Campus Network Engineering (CNE) in these discussions. They can help assist you with the networking requirements and ensure they are compatible with our existing network design and will achieve the performance you require. Contact [email protected] to schedule a meeting with these individuals.
6.3 Requesting Network Connectivity: Entire Data Center VLANs/subnets are allocated to departments/teams specifically. Data Center VLANs/subnets are designed to not be shared across multiple departments/teams. If your department does not have a Data Center VLAN/subnet yet, contact [email protected] to request one. Once you have a VLAN/subnet assigned, you must request network switch ports by emailing the request to [email protected] .
Static IP addresses must be assigned to you by DNS Administration. They can be requested at the following email addresses.IUPUI Data Center: [email protected] Bloomington Data Center: [email protected]
This policy applies to Enterprise and any research system located in the enterprise environment using IU campus networks.
6.4 Firewall Security: This policy applies to Enterprise and any Research Systems using IU campus networks. All servers must be protected by the Data Center firewalls. Request firewall rules via firewall.uits.iu.edu. The firewall request page includes additional information on firewall policies and standards. A full explanation of firewall policies and best practices can be found in Section 7 of this document.
Exceptions to this policy require your director’s approval. This exception request must be submitted to Campus Networks Engineering (CNE). Approvals will be stored and audited by CNI annually. Rogue non-firewalled hosts are subject to being shut down if they do not have a documented exception. Submit your request to [email protected] and an engineer will assist you.
6.5 Rack Ethernet Switches: All enterprise environment switches in the Data Center will be managed by CNI. System administrators shall not manage their own switches. This applies to any Ethernet switch located in a rack in the enterprise environment. This policy also includes private switches that are not designed to connect to the campus network switches.
Blade chassis switches are allowed in the enterprise environment in certain cases. If you intend to install a chassis server environment, please contact [email protected] to schedule a meeting with a campus networks Data Center engineer to discuss the chassis networking.
6.6 Internal Rack Wiring: Internal rack wiring should follow rack cabinet management standards. Cables should be neatly dressed. All cables should be properly labeled so they can be easily identified. Refer to TIA/EIA-942 Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers, section 5.11; a copy is available in the Operations Center. Applies to all users. Users in the Enterprise environment are not allowed to run cables outside of the racks.
6.7 Sub-Floor Copper/Fiber Wiring Requests: All data cabling under the floor, including SAN and Ethernet, must be installed by CNI in a cable tray. Any requests for sub-floor copper or fiber can be made via the telecom.iu.edu site. CNI can supply copper, single-mode fiber, and multi-mode fiber connectivity between locations. This applies to anyone with systems in the data center. The requestor is responsible for paying for these special requests. CNI can provide an estimate for any work requested.
6.8 Server Network Adapter Bridging: Server administrators are not permitted to use any form of software based network adapter bridging. Attempts to bridge traffic between two server interfaces are subject to automated detection and shutdown. This policy applies to Enterprise and any Research System using IU campus networks.
6.9 Server Network Adapter Teaming/Trunk/Aggregate Links: Server administrators may use the teaming of network adapters to increase bandwidth and redundancy. CNI can also setup static LACP trunks on the switch when the aggregation of links is required.
6.10 SAN Fiber Channel (FC) Switches: CNI does not provide the management or hardware for SAN switches. Administrators are allowed to install and manage their own SAN switches. CNI can provide fiber trunks outside of the racks as needed (policy 6.7).
6.11 Multicast: Multicast is available by request only. Multicast functionality should not be assumed to work until requested and tested with a network engineer.
6.12 Jumbo Frames: Jumbo frames are available by request. Jumbo frame functionality should not be assumed to work until requested and tested with a network engineer.
6.13 Tagged VLANs: CNI can provide VLAN tagging when needed. VLAN tagging (trunking) can be used to aggregate VLANS over a common physical link to environments such as VMWare, Hyper-V, etc.
6.14 IPv6: IPv6 is available in the data centers by request. IPv6 functionality should not be assumed to work until requested and tested with a network engineer. Note: IPv6 is already enabled in most IU Bloomington and IUPUI academic buildings.
7. Data Center Network Firewalls
This section applies to: o Enterprise Systems: Indiana University enterprise systems using IU IP
addressing that reside in the enterprise environments at the IUPUI and IUB data centers. These systems utilize the standard top-of-rack (TOR) switching configuration.
o Firewall Security: All servers must be behind the Data Center firewalls. Provide firewall configuration requests via firewall.uits.iu.edu. Exceptions to this policy require your director’s approval. This exception request must be submitted to Campus Networks Engineering. Approvals will be stored and audited by CNI annually. Rogue non-firewalled hosts are subject to being shut down if they do not have a documented approval. Submit your request to [email protected] and an engineer will assist you.
7.1 Exception requests to any standards described within this section can be submitted via [email protected]. Include the nature of the exception request and any related policies defined in this document.
7.2 A general guideline is that all firewall policies should be as restrictive as possible. Recommended guidelines:
Use the group “All_IU_Networks” as a source instead of ‘ANY 0.0.0.0’ when services do not need to extend outside of the IU network. This reduces the source scope from roughly 4,300,000,000 addresses down to just the 688,000 IU owned IP addresses. This will block a lot of external scanning attempts from outside the United States as well. CNI will maintain global address groups for common groups of addresses across the campuses.
Avoid using ‘Any (1-65535)’ as a destination port when possible.
7.3 Hosted based firewall rules should be used on every host where applicable. Host based rules should be more restrictive than the data center firewall rules when possible.
7.4 Outbound traffic (traffic leaving a firewall zone) is allowed by default. You only need to create exceptions for traffic entering the data center from outside of a host’s security zone.
7.5 Service port ‘Any (1-65535)’ as a destination port in a firewall policy is allowed when meeting all of the following criteria:
Source addresses must all be IU owned IP space. Must be as specific as possible. For example, global groups such as “All IU Statewide” cannot be used.
The destination addresses must be defined as specific /32 IP addresses. Cannot be used when the destination is an entire subnet.
7.6 Source address ‘Any (0.0.0.0)’ in a firewall policy is allowed when meeting the following criteria:
The destination addresses must be defined as specific /32 IP addresses. Cannot be used when the destination is an entire subnet.
Destination ports must be specific. ‘Any (1-65535)’ cannot be used.
7.7 Destination address ‘Any (0.0.0.0)’ in a firewall policy is not allowed. The destination should be specific to a subnet or set of IP addresses which have been assigned to your department.
7.8 Entire Subnets as destinations are allowed when meeting the all of the following criteria (accepted starting 1/13/14):
Source addresses must all be IU owned IP space. This can be a source subnet as long as it is from IU-owned IP space. Must be as specific as possible. For example, global groups such as “All IU Statewide” should not be used.
Destination port cannot be ‘Any’ (1-65535) when attempting to use a subnet as a destination.
7.9 Individual DHCP addresses cannot be used as sources. The dynamic nature of DHCP allows for the potential of unexpected access during future IP allocations. VPN space, global groups, entire subnets, or static addressing can be used instead.
7.10 DNS entries must exist when using specific IPs as destination addresses. DNS entries can be setup by contacting IU DNS Administration.
IUPUI Data Center: [email protected]
IUB Data Center: [email protected]
7.11 Source & Destination Host Groups can be used to group together source and destination objects when meeting the following criteria:
Destination host groups must be comprised of members with specific /32 IP addresses that your group owns inside of the data center. Destination host groups cannot be selected as a source in a policy. Destination host groups must be specific to a security zone.
Source host groups can be both specific /32 IP addresses and entire subnets outside of the data center. Source host groups cannot be selected as a destination in a policy. The same source host group may be used within multiple security zones.
7.12 Firewall security zones are used to split up networks within the data center.
UITS Core Services
UITS Hosted Services
IU Community Health Sciences
Servers and systems managed by
UITS Staff Only UITS Staff Only Any IU Staff Any IU Staff
Operating system root, administrator, or equivalent
UITS Staff Only UITS Staff Only Any IU Staff Any IU Staff
accessOperating system level interactive logins or virtual desktop sessions1
UITS Staff Only Any IU Staff Any IU Staff Any IU Staff
User-provided code2
No Yes Yes Yes
Examples DNS, DHCP, NTP, ADS, CAS, Exchange, Lync, Oracle Databases, HRMS, FMS, Onestart, etc
WebServe, CHE, CVE
Non-UITS physical servers, Intelligent Infrastructure virtual servers provisioned for departments
Regenstrief, School of Medicine, Speech & Hearing, Optometry, Dentistry, IUB Heath Center
Each Firewall Security Zone exists at both the IUPUI and IUB Data Centers. The following list describes which zones are related as well as what the relationship means:
UITS Core Security Zone
o Campus Members:
IN-30-CORE
BL-30-CORE
UITS Hosted Security Zone
o Campus Members:
IN-32-UITS
BL-32-UITS
1 Interactive logins include technologies such as SSH, RDP, Citrix, VNC, Remote Powershell etc.2 User-provide code includes all executable code installed on the system with user-level access instead of by a designated system administrator, system developer, or enterprise deployment process. This may include binaries, shell scripts, interpreted languages such as Perl or Python, as well as web-based code such as PHP/ASP.
IU Community Security Zone
o Everything else, including physical servers, VM Servers provisioned by SAV that are not UITS managed/hosted services, and academic departments located within the data centers.
o Campus Members:
IN-33-COLO
BL-33-COLO
Campus Members of the same security zone do not need firewall rules to communicate to each other. For example a host in IN-30-CORE does not need any firewall rules to communicate to a host in BL-30-CORE and vice versa. Rules are required to communicate to different zones.
Training on these zones can be provided by Campus Networks Engineering (CNE). Contact [email protected] to request a meeting with CNE regarding firewall security zone training.
7.13 Rules are specific to a single member firewall zone. One rule cannot cover inbound traffic for hosts in both BL-30-CORE and IN-30-CORE. If you had a server in IN-30-CORE and another server in BL-30-CORE that you wanted to allow HTTPS traffic to from the world, it would require two rules.
Rule #1 within BL-30-CORE
o Source: Any
o Destination: 129.79.1.1/32
o Port: HTTPS
Rule #2 within IN-30-CORE
o Source: Any
o Destination: 134.68.1.1/32
o Port: HTTPS
7.14 Global address groups are built-in groups that any department can use. These are commonly used source groups that are maintained by CNI. “All_IU_Networks” is an example of a global address group. This group contains every IU owned IP address.
