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Data and Society Lecture 10: Data Futures
5/1/15
Announcements
• Exam next week – May 8
Today (5/1/15)
• Lecture 10: Data Futures
– Quantified Self
– Internet of Things
– Digital Ethics
• Study Guide
• Feedback for Fran
• L10 Data Roundtable (Philip, Dennis, Lars, Oskari)
3
You are here
Section Theme Date First “half” Second “half”
Section 1: The Data Ecosystem -- Fundamentals
January 30 Class introduction; Digital data in the 21st Century (L1)
Data Roundtable / Fran
February 6 Data Stewardship and Preservation (L2)
L1 Data Roundtable / 5 students
February 13 Data and Computing (L3) L2 Data Roundtable / 6 students
February 20 Colin Bodel, Time Inc. CTO Guest Lecture and Q&A
L3 Data Roundtable / 5 students
Section 2: Data and Innovation – How has data transformed science and society?
February 27 Section 1 Exam Data and the Health Sciences (L4)
March 6 Paper preparation / no class
March 13 Data and Entertainment (L5) L4 Data Roundtable / 6 students
March 20 Big Data Applications (L6) L5 Data Roundtable / 5 students
Section 3: Data and Community – Social infrastructure for a data-driven world
April 3 Data in the Global Landscape (L7) Section 2 paper due
L6 Data Roundtable / 5 students
April 10 Bulent Yener Guest Lecture, Data Privacy / Bad guys on the Internet (L8)
L7 Data Roundtable / 4 students
April 17 Digital Rights and Regulation (L9) L8 Data Roundtable / 4 students
April 24 Mike Schroepfer, Facebook CTO Guest Lecture and Q&A
May 1 Data Futures (L10) L10 Data Roundtable / 4 students
May 8 Section 3 Exam Additional Data Roundtable / 3+
You are here
Lecture 10: Data Futures
The Quantified Self
• Wikipedia: “The Quantified Self is a movement to incorporate technology into data acquisition on aspects of a person’s daily life in terms of inputs (e.g. food consumed, quality of surrounding air), states (e.g. mood, arousal, blood oxygen levels), and performance (mental and physical). … “
• Primary approach is the collection and analysis of data generated by sensors, instruments, apps, and manually
• Quantified self technologies providing unprecedented detail about function and performance.
• Used increasingly for to monitor / assess health and productivity
From: http://www.health2con.com/news/2011/
11/22/taking-quantified-self-to-the-classroom/
The Quantified Employee
• Focus of the Quantified Employee movement to is increase productivity employee and other data. New technologies being used to sense many aspects of work and performance.
• Employee monitoring tools can provide data on:
– Employee internet access (instrumented machines, devices)
– Employee activity (keystroke logging, screen recording)
– Employee productivity (e.g. lines of code)
– Employee health and happiness (via wearables, sensors, apps)
– Employee location (instrumented badge)
– Behavior (surveillance)
– Communication and collaboration (through To:/cc/From: on emails)
Dilbert on the Quantified Employee
From: http://travelinlibrarian.info/2014/05/dilbert-dark-side-quantified-self/
More Productivity or Big Brother?
Challenges for employers looking to increase employee performance through data:
1. Getting meaningful data, and only meaningful data. Employers need to be able to capture and organize information in a way that can actually lead to insights. Work data is generally unstructured, and fragmented across many systems. Pulling the right data into a single repository is challenging.
2. Getting insight from data. What are the real cause-and-effect levers that cause some people to be so much more productive than others? How do you weed out spurious correlations? Many big data initiatives fail because value can't be found in the data.
3. Driving change from insight. Employers need to find ways to actually get employees to take action based on the insights. Otherwise, the data is useless. If no results can be derived from the data, the data becomes one more analytics dashboard without benefit.
From http://insights.wired.com/profiles/blogs/quantified-self-how-about-a-quantified-workplace
Quantified Health • Focus is data on you and how you can
use it to improve your life/lifestyle.
• Many devices, systems, apps available to monitor health and environment:
– Monitors of activity – e.g. steps taken, calories burned, body temperature, heart rate, sleep quality
– Monitors of well being – e.g. mood / energy, food and alcohol consumption, nutrition, behavior
– Systems to monitor / adapt your environment – e.g. lighting that is responsive to mood / stress level, bed / bedding that adapts to your needs
– Greater information about your biological system – e.g. information about your genes, microbiomes
Devices worn by Chris Dancy as reported in http://mashable.com/2014/08/21/most-connected-man/
• Chris Dancy famous for using 300-700 tracking and lifelogging (quantified self) systems at all times, from Fitbit to Beddit mattress cover.
Quantified Self: Larry Smarr at TedMed (16 min)
http://www.tedmed.com/talks/show?id=18018
The Internet of Things (IoT)
• Wikipedia: “The Internet of Things is the network of physical objects of “things” embedded with electronics, software, sensors and connectivity to enable it to achieve greater value and service by exchanging data with the manufacturer, operator and/or other connected devices. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure.”
Impact
• IoT expected to
– Usher in automation in all fields
– Enable advanced “smart” applications. In particular, smart wearables, smart home, smart city, smart environment, smart enterprise.
– Converge multiple technologies including wireless, embedded systems, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), small and large-scale devices, etc.
One of the first Internet appliances: the CMU Coke
Machine, circa 1982. (Machine could report its inventory and
whether drinks were cold.)
Image from http://www.smartid.it/en/machin
e-machine-m2m
Basics
• Expected to be 26-30B devices on the Internet by 2020
– Internet of “objects” even larger (50-100 trillion objects). Estimated that human beings in urban environments each surrounded by 1000-5000 track-able objects.
• Each device will need a unique IP address.
– IPv4 only allows for 4.3B unique addresses, will not support IoT
– IPv6 needed. Global adoption of IPv6 critical to support IoT.
• Web of Things will provide an application layer of the Internet of Things
• Many IoT solutions presuppose the ability to gather / store / mine data efficiently and in real-time …
IoT Technology Roadmap
Opportunities
• Customization
– IoT provides the opportunities to gather data and developed customized solutions.
• This includes the ability to target customers specifically in terms of what they like, what they want, what they are willing to pay, etc.
• Monitoring
– IoT provides the opportunity to monitor and assess systems and environments, with the potential to more accurately predict risk
• Paradigm shift
– IoT will provide the ability to shift our approach in many areas to encompass more dynamic, real-time solutions.
– For example, smart manufacturing technologies transforming the conventional “Produce Store Acquire” to “Acquire Produce”, benefitting producer and consumer.
Opportunities • Smart Automation
– IoT can provide the ability for precision control of environments and systems. Home automation, precision farming, advanced manufacturing, Watson, etc. mean that some of the conceptual tasks are shared between human and machine
• Adaptive systems
– Ability to gather and process information in real-time provides the opportunity to modify behavior and create adaptive systems that respond to dynamic phenomena and promote efficiency
Image from http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/can-l-kill-traffic-self-driving-cars-n217211
Smart Cities
• Santander, Spain – 180,000 inhabitants, smartphone app connected to 10K sensors
enabling parking search, environmental monitoring, digital city agenda, etc.
– Image from http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-santander-the-smart-city-fotostrecke-94339-4.html
• Songdo, South Korea -- Goal is to build fully equipped and wired smart city in which almost everything is connected and monitored by machine
• San Jose, California – using IoT to improve air and water quality, reduce noise pollution, increase transportation efficiency
• New York City – IoT being used to connect vessels and monitor NY Waterway -- Hudson River, East River, Upper NY Bay
Challenges
• Development of feasible infrastructure for massive data handling, storage, tracking
• Development of efficient algorithms for discovery, data mining, analysis for data at massive time and spatial scales
• Governance, regulation of human-autonomous systems; community standards, policy, practice
• Privacy, autonomy, control (manifesting in issues with user consent, freedom of choice, anonymity, undue exposure of minors, etc.)
• Data and systems security
• Environmental impact of contamination due to dumping of IoT devices, sensors, etc., cost of mining rare-earth metals (used in modern electronic components)
The Future is Here:
Sensors and Connectivity
IoT-focused products
• help monitor/promote your health
• Better care for those whose health you’re responsible for
From http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
The Future is Here:
Home / Physical
Environments
IoT-focused products
• Remotely monitor and manage your home / physical environments
• Promote efficient and cost-effective resource usage
From http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
The Future is Here:
Urban Areas
IoT-focused products
• Use real-time data and adaptive systems to promote the health, safety, security, and well-being of citizens
From http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
The Future is Here:
Business
IoT-focused products
• provide new tools for boosting productivity, optimizing operations, saving resources and costs
• provide new ways of engaging with the customer and creating competitive advantage
From http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
The Future is Here:
Ecosystems
IoT-focused products
• Use real-time data and predictive analysis to better understand and manage ecosystems and natural resources
From http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
The Future is Here:
Urban Areas
IoT-focused products
• Use real-time data and adaptive systems to promote the health, safety, security, and well-being of citizens
From http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
Internet of Things: Ethics
“ … there are broader ethical issues to consider. Where would the areas be where [IoT] devices would not be appropriate to use? What about our personal privacy, both in the collection of data about us, but also in the
way it’s combined and acted on?
How should the law deal with smart devices, if an incorrect decision is acted on, who or what is
responsible? There are many others. “
Peter McOwan, Professor of CS at Queen Mary, University of London.
From The Guardian
"The Circle is a genre novel, with its simplistic fabrication meant to be
obvious. The symbolism is abundantly clear, because it is Eggers' only way of
bringing his message to the ear: How do we mean to handle the right to
sovereignty of interpretation over one's own life in the future?“
Thomas Andre review in Der Spiegel
Digital Ethics and the future of humanity. Gerd Leonhard, TedXBrussels (19 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD5XVDKcuSo
Lecture 10 Sources (not already on slides)
• Wikipedia, “Quantified Self”, “Internet of Things”, “The Circle”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things
• An Internet of Things, http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/
• “When fridges attack – the new ethics of the Internet of Things”, The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/science/alexs-adventures-in-numberland/2014/sep/08/when-fridges-attack-the-new-ethics-of-the-internet-of-things
• “Quantified Self: Meet the Quantified Employee,” Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2014/06/25/quantified-self-meet-the-quantified-employee/
• “These Companies are Tracking the Fitness of Their Employees”, The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/17/why-companies-are-tracking-the-fitness-of-their-employees
• “Quantified Self? How about a Quantified Workplace?”, Wired, http://insights.wired.com/profiles/blogs/quantified-self-how-about-a-quantified-workplace
• “The Most Connected Man is You, Just a Few Years from Now”, Mashable, http://mashable.com/2014/08/21/most-connected-man/
Data Roundtable
May 8: Data Roundtable
• “Meet the e-voting machine so easy to hack, it will take your breath away”, Ars Technica, http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/04/meet-the-e-voting-machine-so-easy-to-hack-it-will-take-your-breath-away/ [Philip Cioni]
• “Standardized Tests Suck. But the Fix Is More Data, Not Less”, Wired, http://www.wired.com/2015/03/standardized-tests-suck-fix-data-not-less/ , [Charles Hathaway]
• “Robot doctors, online lawyers and automated architects: the future of the professions?”, The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/15/robot-doctors-online-lawyers-automated-architects-future-professions-jobs-technology, [Miguel Lantigua-Inoa]
May 1: L10 Data Roundtable
• “Big Data’s Pivotal Role in the Future of Television,” Information Age, http://www.information-age.com/technology/data-centre-and-it-infrastructure/123459277/big-datas-pivotal-role-future-television (Dennis Fogerty)
• “How Big Data is Going to Help Feed 9 Billion People by 2050” TechRepublic, http://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-big-data-is-going-to-help-feed-9-billion-people-by-2050/ (Lars Olsson)
• “Right Now, The Internet Of Things Is Like The Internet Of The 1990s”, Fast Company, http://www.fastcompany.com/3044375/sector-forecasting/the-future-of-the-internet-of-things-is-like-the-internet-of-the-1990s (Oskari Rautiainen)
• “The connected everything: Your ultimate smart home of the future”, Wareable, http://www.wareable.com/smart-home/your-ultimate-connected-home-of-the-future-592 (Philip Cioni)
