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8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
1/21
PERKEMBANGAN
HORISON TANAH
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PERKEMBANGAN HORISON TANAH
•
A-Horizon development – Accumulation of organic matter – Clumping of individual soil particles
– Distinct from parent material and other layers
•
B and C horizon development – Carbonic and organic acids are carried by water into
soil where dissolve various minerals (transformations)
– oluble materials (ions !Ca"#$ C%&"-$ %'"-$ etc) arecarried by water and precipitate in the soil from upper
to lower horizons (translocation) – eathering of primary minerals into secondary
minerals
– etting and drying cracs soils and maes structures*
D+,D,H DA.+/ myspace*aamu*edu0users0monday***0soils01edogenic2"31rocesses*ppt …..
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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D+,D,H DA.+/ myspace*aamu*edu0users0monday***0soils01edogenic2"31rocesses*ppt …..
PERKEMBANGAN HORISON TANAH
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
Adsorptio ! Adsorpsi " P#$#r%p%&
Pros#s ii t#r$%di '%l%( )%*%")%*% t%ri' %t%r% p#r+('%%p%d%t%"t%%, -%dsor#t d% 'o+po# l%r(t%"t%%,
-%dsor%t l#i, #s%r di%di)'% )%*%")%*% t%ri'%t%r% 'o+po# t#rl%r(t d% l%r(t% t%%, -sol#t
s#rt% )%*% tol%' %t%r% p#r+('%% t%%, d% sp#si#s *%)di$#r%p.
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
A))r#)%tio " A)r#)%si&
1artiel-partiel diiat (dipegang) bersama men4adi unit-unit yanguurannya beragam$ bentunya bebreda-beda$ dengan bvantuan
proses-proses 5sia$ imiawi dan biologis*
uatu Agregat dipisahan dari agregat lainnya melalui bidangpermuaan yang lemah*
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/201
Al'%li%tio " Al'%lis%si&A'(+(l%si '%tio N%4 p#+#t('% Horiso
%tri'..
A(di56%tio " P#)%s%+%&A'(+(l%si io"io H.
8%ro%tio ! K%ro%si -6%l6i56%tio&A'(+(l%si '%lsi(+ '%ro%t4 p#+#t('%
Horiso K%lsi' %t%( Horiso P#tro'%lsi'.
8,#l%tio" K,#l%si ! P#)"',#l%t"%&P#+#t('% s#*%9% 'o+pl#'s lo)%+
d#)% %)# or)%i'. :o)%l di$#%' d%l%+str('t(r 6i6i s#,i))% +#$%di s%)%t
st%il.
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
Compaction ! 6ompasi - 1emadatan/.edusi 5si andungan uadar tanah yang mengaibatan
meningatnya Bobot +si*
Cryoturbation/1encampiran tanah aibat dari suhu rendah$ mis* ,ntu merusa
horison$ memasuan bahan organi e dalam horison bawah$ danuntu menata batu-batu*
Dealalization (solodization)/1ergeraan ion a e luar dari bagian tertentu pro5l tanah*
Decarbonation (decalci5cation)/1ergeraan alsium arbonat e luar dari bagian tertentu pro5l tanah*
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
Decomposition - Deomposisi/1enghancuran bahan mineral dan bahan organi secara
bioimiawi*
Dehydration - Dehidrasi/6ehilangan air yang mengaibatan suatu senyawa embali e
eadaan orisinalnya*
Deposition merupaan sedimentasi bahan yang terangut/7* Aumulasi partiel tanah 0 colluvium"* Aumulasi unsur hara 0 1eningatan 686 &* 1engayaan partiel beruuran medium*
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
;#s%lii%tio " ;#s%liis%si&P#r)#r%'% )%r%+")%r%+ l%r(t '# l(%r d%ri %)i%
t#rt#t( pro5l t%%,.
;#sili6%tio " ;#sili'%si&P#r)#r%'% sili'% '# l(%r d%ri %)i% t#rt#t( pro5l
t%%,.
;i
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
El(i%tio " El(i%si&9eraan material e luar dari lapisan pro5l tanah(secara har5ah :pencucian material;)<
menghilangnya material yang tercuci e luar(misalnya se=uio>ides$ mineral liat$ bahan organi
tanah)
?nergy in@u> 0 out@u>/ .adiation absorption 0re@ection/
7* 8emperatur 8anah"* icrobiological activity - humi5cation $
decomposition$ mineralization&* ?vaporasi
'* Air tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
?rosi adalah pengangutan partiel tanah (danbahan organi tanah) oleh air atau angin*
7* 1uulan tetes air hu4an menghancuranagregat tanah
"* oil movement 0 removal of the A horizon
&* moothing or levelling of the soil surface'* oss of nutrients 0 decrease of C?C* elective particle transport results in the
relative enrichment of coarse and 5ne particlesand depletion of medium-sized particles
E* .educed in5ltration 0 increase in surfacerunoF 0 reduced soil moisture
G* 1enyumbatan permuaan tanah*
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
errugination/Development of brown$ reddish brown$ and reddish soil colors*
locculation/+t is a process where the individual particles of clay are
coagulated to form @occular aggregates*
9leization/+t involves the reduction of iron and its segregation intoredo>imorphic features$ or its removal by leaching form the
gleyed horizon< process occuring in poorly drained soil*
H(+i56%tio " H(+i5'%si&1embentuan H,, dari bahan organi segar*
Hydration/Absorption of water to form a new compound which diFers only
slightly from the original state
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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7* Describes the addition of organicmatter to$ and its chemicaldecomposition into humus andorganic acids
"* H,, is the dar material thatmaes soils blac or brown
&* Breadown of the humus andorganic acids also produces high
C%" concentrations in the soil$
leading to carbonic acid andanother form of chemicalweathering*
Humi5cation
D+,D,H DA.+/ smu*edu0earthsciences0academics0courses0geol&'G"0ecture2"3"*ppt II*
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
Hydrolysis/ 8he replacement of cations in amineral structure *by hydrogen ions from the soil
solution* +lluviation/ ovement of material into a section
of the soil pro5le (literally washing into or
towards)< accumulation of material washed into(e*g* se=uio>ides$ clay minerals$ organicmaterial)
+nduration/ Hardening of a section of the pro5le
produced in association with iron pans andplinthite$ and with other cementing agents (i or
Ca)*+n5ltration/ 8he entry of water into the soil
surface
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
It#r>o9 -S(s(r=%6# >o9 t,ro(), >o9 s##p%)#&:%t#r%l s(s(r=%6# >o9.
:#ssi%)#& P,*si6%l do99%rd +o#+#t o= 6l%*+i#r%ls.
:#(6ii%tio -d#6olor%tio& :i),t#i) t,# 6olori % s#6tio o= t,# pro5l# " =or+%tio o= % %li6
,orio.M#l%i%tio& ;%r'#i) t,# 6olor o= li),t"6olor#d+i#r%l iiti%l (6osolid%t#d +%t#ri%l * +i?t(r#%d %66(+(l%tio o= or)%i6 +%tt#r4 =or+%tio o= %
+olli6 ,orio d(# to i6orpor%tio o= or)%i6
+%tt#r.Mi#r%li%tio& R#l#%s# o= +i#r%ls i %rio(s
=or+s d(ri) t,# d#6o+positio o= or)%i6 +%tt#r.N#(tr%li%tio& 8o(t#r%6tio o= t,# H ios.
O(t>o9& :oss o= 9%t#r =ro+ t,# p#dosp,#r# to t,#ro(d9%t#r. :oss o= 9%t#r %d sol(l# %d
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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essivage7* 1hysical transport of clay-sized material
downward from surface horizon (8ranslocation)
"* eads to reddish coloration and clay-richsubsurface horizons
&* easonally wet climates
odern California Argentina$ "" illion Kear old rocsD+,D,H DA.+/ smu*edu0earthsciences0academics0courses0geol&'G"0ecture2"3"*ppt II*
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
O?id%tio"O'sid%si&
@or+%tio o= % o?id# or t,# r#l#%s# o=#l#6tros.
P#dot(r%tio& T,# 6,(ri) %d disr(ptio o=,orio =or+%tio * iolo)i6%l p,*si6%l %d
to so+# #?t#t 6,#+i6%l %6tiit* s(6, %s9#tti) %d dr*i) s9#lli) %d 6otr%6tio=r##i) %d t,%9i) root pr#ss(r#s %i+%l
(rro9i) %6itit* o= +%.
Podoli%tio " PO;SO:ISASI&1roses transloasi ?L,+%6+DA dalam pro5l tanah*Bentu besi ferro larut berada pada zone eluviation$
dan besi ferri tida larut pada zone illuviation*1odsolisasi adalah proses pembentuan tanah yang
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
D+,D,H DA.+/ ……. 17/2/2013
Pr#6ipit%tio& S#p%r%tio %dd#positio o= % s(st%6# i % solid
=or+ =ro+ % sol(tio.
R#d(6tio& :oss o= o?*)# ios or%66#pt%6# o= #l#6tros.
S%lii%tio& A66(+(l%tio o=sol(l# s%lts s(6, %s 6,lorid#s %d
s(lp,%t#s o= 8% M) N% or K.
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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ilication/ Accumulation of silica*
oli@uction/ low @ow of saturated soil on apermanent frozen soil (permafrost table)*
olution/ Dissolving of minerals into solution (e*g*calcium carbonate into bicarbonate)*
urface crusting (soil sealing)/ A process which resultsin the formation of soil crusts on the soil surface$
ranging in thicness from a few mm to perhaps asmuch as & cm$ that is much mor compact$ hard and
brittle$ when dry$ than the material immediatelybeneath*
urface runoF (overland @ow)/ Discharge of rainwater
over the surface of the land* urface runoF is
PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
8/20/2019 Dasar Ilmu Tanah Perkembangan Horison Tanah
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S(sp#sio& T,# >o%ti) o= disp#rs#dp%rti6l#s i % +#di(+ li'# 9%t#r. It iso# o= t,# st%t#s o= p%rti6l# tr%sport
o= #rod#d s#di+#ts #sp#6i%ll* =or t,#
s+%ll#r %d li),t#r p%rti6l#s s(6, %s6l%*.
S*t,#sis& T,# io6,#+i6%l =or+%tio
o= % #9 6o+po(d * 6o+i%tio o=#l#+#ts or 6ostit(#ts.
PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH
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p9%rd +o#+#t ! PERGERAKAN KEATAS&
ovement of dissolved or suspended matterby capillarity*
C#%t,#ri) " PE:APKAN&All physical and chemical changes produced
in rocs$ at or near the earthMs surface$ byatmospheric agents*
PROSES – PROSES GENESIS TANAH