DAS Bootcamp

Distributed Antenna Systems 101

Bryce Bregen, VP of Sales and Marketing

Bryce Bregen has more than 20 years of sales management and channel development expertise in telecom and wireless. He manages all direct and indirect sales channels including enterprise, carrier and manufacturing/distribution partners Since joining Connectivity Wireless Bregen has aggressively expanded salesmanufacturing/distribution partners. Since joining Connectivity Wireless, Bregen has aggressively expanded sales channels to extend in-building wireless services to all major markets across the U.S.

Bregen is a BICSI Corporate member as well as presenter for the BICSI organization on DAS trends. He is also a t b f DAS t d d itt il b f Th DAS F t f th A iteam member for DAS standards committee, a council member of The DAS Forum, a presenter for the American Architect Institute, an ACUTA corporate member and presenter, and Carolinas and Atlanta Wireless Association member.

Prior to Connectivity Wireless, Bregen held sales executive positions with several in-building wireless companies and was responsible for driving sales revenue growth and expansion into multiple distribution channels. He also previously managed nationwide sales for wireless and telecom companies, delivering services to Fortune 1000 companies across a wide range of industries including government and education, hospitality, healthcare, telecom and wireless and has overseen more than 2,500 DAS installations.

Tyler Boyd, Nationwide Performance Engineer

As a performance RF engineer for Connectivity, Tyler applies his concentrated in-building wireless (DAS)

knowledge to ensure best-in-class system performance and consistent RF engineering throughout the

U.S.

With project experience spanning several industries—including hospitality, higher education,

i l d ti d t t i t B d h d i d i d i i d dcommercial, and sporting and entertainment—Boyd has designed, engineered, commissioned and

managed some the nation’s largest venues, while providing extensive customer support throughout the

duration of each project.

Boyd is certified in all major DAS technologies.

Learning Objectives• About the Presenting Company

• What is a DAS?What is a DAS?

• Wireless Industry Trends

• The Players in the DAS Ecosystem• The Players in the DAS Ecosystem

• Drivers of DAS (Vertical Markets)

DAS C St d• DAS Case Study

• DAS Engineering Basics

• Best Practices

• Q&A

About Connectivity Wireless

CONNECTING EVERYONE, EVERYWHERECONNECTING EVERYONE, EVERYWHERE

• Nationwide service

• Proven service delivery model

• 2,500+ DAS solutions deployed

• Headquartered in Georgia

• Services focus on Distributed Antenna Systems

• Founded in 2008 by wireless industry veterans 2,500 DAS solutions deployed

• Technology neutral

• More than 100 million square feet of DAS coverage installed since 2012

Founded in 2008 by wireless industry veterans

• More than 100+ talented team members

• Degreed engineers, certified project managers and technicians

• Single or multi-service systems

What is a DAS?

Distributed Antenna System

What is a DAS?

• A distributed antenna system, or DAS, is a network of spatially separated antenna nodes connected toof spatially separated antenna nodes connected to a common transport medium—typically coax or fiber-optic cable—that provides wireless service within an area, building or structure.

• The DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a radio base station of an “off-air” repeater/signal p / gbooster.

• Why DAS? To extend cellular and public safetyWhy DAS? To extend cellular and public safety coverage and capacity to the inside of buildings.

DAS: How it Works

Public SafetyDonor Site

DonorAntenna

CIn building

CoaxCabling

Coax

Fiber Distribution

In-buildingAntennas

Bi-directionalA lifi R t

Fiber DistributionRemote Unit

Amplifier or Repeater

FiberCabling

FiberDistributionHead- EndEquipment

Head-endEquipment Room

CellularSignalSource

Simple Comparison of Types of IBW Systems

Feature Passive DAS Active DAS Pico/Femto

Coverage vs. Capacity Coverage and capacity Coverage and capacity Coverage and capacity

Installation 1-3 weeks 1-3 weeks Few days

Carrier Multi Multi Single

Band Multi Multi SingleBand Multi Multi Single

Scalability Limited due to absence of active electronics

Fully scalable Limited by handover

End Use Med-large buildings 100K Very large buildings 100K-1 Small/medium residentialEnd Use Med large buildings, 100K-500K sq. ft.)

Very large buildings 100K 1million sq. ft.

Small/medium, residential and SOHO

Wireless Industry Trends

In-building Wireless (IBW)

DAS Market Today• Wireless services driven by data, multimedia and voice

• Businesses running operations on smartphones tablets and aircards• Businesses running operations on smartphones, tablets and aircards

• 80% of voice calls and 90% of data usage is indoors

• Commercial customers need coverage for multiple carriers and neutral-host environments- BYOD IT Strategy being implemented

• DAS a necessity for businesses and their customers• DAS a necessity for businesses and their customers

• Carriers are more challenged selling single-carrier DAS

B i b d i f DAS• Businesses are budgeting for DAS

Wireless by the Numbers 20132013*Strong, continued growth in wireless usage, particularly data and multimedia services

• Mobile data traffic was 1.5 Exabytes per month in 2013, the equivalent of 372 million DVDs each month or 4,100 million text messages each second

• Global mobile data traffic grew 81 percent last year

• 321.7 million subscriber connections (17% increase)321.7 million subscriber connections (17% increase)

• 101% of US population uses wireless; 34% are wireless-only households

• 2.27 trillion SMS sent/received (9% increase)56.6 billion MMS sent/received (64% increase)

• Data traffic on wireless networks exceeds 1.1 trillion megabytes 104% increase over previous 12 mo.)

• 78.2 million active smartphones (57% increase)270 million data-capable devices (5.3% increase)

l bl d bl l d d• Wireless enabled tablets, laptops and modems: 13.6 million (14.2% increase)

• $68.3 billion in wireless data revenue or (38% of total revenue)

*Sources: CTIA Semi-Annual Surveys and Cisco VNI

DAS Market Tomorrow This is NextThis is Next• Globally, mobile data traffic will reach 15.9 Exabytes per month by 2018, the equivalent of 3,965 million DVDs each month

or 43,709 million text messages each second

• By 2018, 57 percent of IP traffic and 52 percent of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non-PC devices, up from 33 percent IP traffic and 15 percent consumer internet traffic in 2013.

• Mobile traffic per user will reach 3,049 megabytes per month by 2018, up from 356 megabytes per month in 2013, a CAGR of 54%.of 54%.

Global IP traffic by device

Considering this rapid growth, ABI Research predicts that DAS will be the most prevalent

between 2014 and 2019, accounting for more than 60% of the in-building wireless marketthan 60% of the in building wireless market

DAS for Public Safety

• ICC & NFPA codes mandate first-responder coverage

Mandates for radio service for public safetyICC & NFPA codes mandate first responder coverage

• 150+ local municipalities now mandate public safety coverage inside large buildings

• Indoor cellular/PCS service required for E911 location

• 700 & 800 MHz bands allocated for fire and policep

• 400,000 E911 calls per day (CTIA Semi-Annual Survey, Jan-June 2012)

• According the FCC, 70% of E911 calls are made from i l hwireless phones

Players in the Value Chain

The DAS Ecosystem

The Players in the DAS Ecosystem

DASOEMsDAS

OEMsOEMsOEMs

WirelessWirelessConsultantsConsultants

DASIntegrator

DASIntegrator

Wireless CarriersWireless Carriers

ConsultantsA&E Firms

ConsultantsA&E Firms

E d

DistributionDistributionCableCable

End-userCustomer

DistributionDistributionContractorsContractors

Roles in the EcosystemCustomer Drives demand for DAS

DAS OEMs Manufactures the DAS components. Supports the integrators with product training.

Wireless Carriers Set the design standards. Provides the RF source. Participates in funding.

Distributors Supplies inventory locally. Facilitates local training and education. Works pp y y gwith partners to generate opportunities.

Cable Contractors Installs DAS cable infrastructure. Leverages their GC/end-user relationships.

Consultants and A&E Firms Educates the end-user and GC. Develops and publishes the bid spec. Evaluates bid responses.

DAS Integrators Interfaces with all ecosystem players to ensure successful deployment of the DAS. Designs, implements and supports the DAS. Coordinates carrier g p ppfunding and integration.

Ownership ModelsCarrier Neutral-Host Landlord

• 100% funded and operated by carrier

T i ll i l i

• 100% funded and operated by carrier

T i ll i l i

• 100% funded and operated by independent third party (i e tower company)

• 100% funded and operated by independent third party (i e tower company)

• Funded by building owner

D l d d t d

• Funded by building owner

D l d d t d• Typically single carrier

• Carriers may form consortium

• Typically single carrier

• Carriers may form consortium

(i.e., tower company)

• Owner leases space back to the carriers

(i.e., tower company)

• Owner leases space back to the carriers

• Deployed and operated by DAS integrator

• Carriers/3rd parties may

• Deployed and operated by DAS integrator

• Carriers/3rd parties may

• Neutral-host approach remains untested

• Neutral-host approach remains untested

• Neutral-host• Neutral-host

/ p ypartially fund

• Multi-carrier

/ p ypartially fund

• Multi-carrier

Drivers of DAS

Vertical Markets

Candidates for DAS• Offices/Corporate Campus

• Retail/Shopping Malls

• Healthcare/Hospitals

• Airports/Train Stations

• Manufacturing/Industrial• Manufacturing/Industrial

• Hotels/Casinos/Convention Centers

• Sports Venues/Stadiums

• University Campuses

• Government/Municipalities

Low E GlassLow E GlassLow E Glass reflects or absorbs IR light (heat energy) AND radio waves, causing major in-building wireless coverage problems.

Drivers in Healthcare• 78% of Americans expressed interest in mobile health (Harris Interactive & CTIA)

• In 2013, mobile health monitoring was one of the 10 most popular mobileIn 2013, mobile health monitoring was one of the 10 most popular mobile applications (Gartner Research)

• Clinicians are early adopters of wireless devices like smartphones and tablets

• Approximately 80% of physicians currently use smartphones, with that number expected to grow in the coming years

• Mobile access to patients’ electronic medical records (EMR)

• Mobile monitoring of patient vitals, lab results, imaging exams, etc.

• Ubiquitous RF radio communications coverage for first responders to ensure public safety (police, fire and EMS)

Drivers in Hospitality• Unlike a university or hospital, hotel or casino customers can

stay/go elsewhere if they experience poor cellular coverage

• Travelers reliant on smartphones and data cards

• Customer satisfaction and retention is driving DAS in the hospitality sector

• A meeting planner that books a conference at a hotel with poor cellular coverage will only make that mistake once

• Resort properties

l ff h l kb h h− How many people turn-off their Blackberry or iPhones when they’re on a short vacation? What corner of the property gets coverage?

• Similar to higher-education, hotel Wi-Fi deployment is likely a l di i di t f f t DAS d l tleading indicator for future DAS deployments

Drivers in Higher Education • First-responders need reliable 2-way radio coverage in

all buildings, tunnels, basements, etc.

• Student and faculty multi-carrier cell phone coverage is a matter of convenience and safety

• Demand for coverage in stadiums• Demand for coverage in stadiums

• Parents want instant access to their kids

• Students use wireless as primary mode of voice andStudents use wireless as primary mode of voice and data communications

• Colleges/universities are decommissioning land lines in d d b ildidorms and buildings

• 32% of wireless users are wireless-only (no landlines)

Drivers in Public Venues• Stadiums, conference centers, malls and public transportation

hubs have too many users trying to access the wireless networknetwork at the same time

• Large concentrations of people cause poor service, dropped calls

• Density of users affects venue directly AND wireless coverage and capacity in the surrounding areasand capacity in the surrounding areas

• Wireless network must support public safety and communications for security personnel

• Carriers eager to fund DAS in these venues to offload traffic from macro network

DAS in Action

Case Studies

Turner Field – Atlanta, Ga.Challenge:• Fans, drivers on adjacent freeways and subscribers in surrounding areas could

not make calls due to coverage and capacity issues

Solution:

• DAS network covers 800,000 sq. ft. to serve stadium holding up to 50,096 fans

• DAS extends coverage to entire facility: upper/lower deck seating, all back-of-house area, locker rooms, press areas, concession stands and parking

• 6 sectors, expandable to 14

• Collaborated with Andrew/CommScope on design and installed the complete system

• Met aggressive three-month deployment timeline with two, twelve-man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010

• Designed to -65 dBm to overcome the existing macro network and ensure coverage throughout

• Service Provider: AT&T 2G and 3G service

University of Iowa – Hospitals and ClinicsChallenge:

• University of Iowa’s campus is the second largest city in Iowa and was challenged with wireless coverage and capacity issues

• Physicians clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout• Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout facility for cellular voice, data and healthcare applications to support delivery of high-quality patient care services

Solution:Solution:

• DAS network provides 95% coverage for 13 buildings and approximately 3 million square feet

• SOLiD DAS equipment utilized

• DAS supports 700/800/900/1900/2100 MHz spectrum• DAS supports 700/800/900/1900/2100 MHz spectrum

• Service Providers Supported: AT&T, Verizon, US Cellular, Sprint

• Over 90,000 feet of coaxial cable with more than 60,000 feet of 12/48 strand SM fiber

• 135 remote units with 870 in-building wireless antennas

I ll i i f 12 h• Installation time frame – 12 months

• Administrators plan to expand the DAS to other areas of campus

Waldorf Astoria Orlando® and Hilton Orlando Bonnet Creeko O a do o e ee

Challenge:• Needed to ensure reliable coverage for cell phones,

smartphones/iPhones and aircards for guests and road warriorssmartphones/iPhones and aircards for guests and road warriors at new premium Waldorf Astoria and adjacent Hilton brand property

Solution:Solution:• DAS network covers two hotels with 1,000 rooms and suites on

482 acres of woodlands an waterways• Reliable broadband wireless coverage for common areas,

restaurants shops and meeting spacesrestaurants, shops and meeting spaces• Met aggressive 3-month deployment timeline with two, 12-

man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010

• Full service turnkey solution including planning design carrier• Full-service, turnkey solution including planning, design, carrier coordination, and installation

• Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon

Athens Regional Medical CenterChallenge:

• Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded i l th h t f ilit f ll l i d twireless coverage throughout facility for cellular voice, data

and healthcare applications to support delivery of high-quality patient care services

Solution:

• DAS network covers 500,000 sq. ft. to serve most of the buildings on campus; additional buildings to follow

• DAS extends coverage most of the buildings and work areas including main hospital, emergency department and parking structures

• five-month deployment timelinefive month deployment timeline

• Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint and Verizon

Daytona International Speedway

• DAS Application– Installed for leading neutral host provider to support full

MIMO - Verizon Wireless and AT&T

– 22 million+ square foot speedway

– Covers all indoor suite and outdoor areas of the facility

• SOLiD– 65 low power Alliance ROUs & 14 high power Titan ROUs

– Efficient technology for this particular application

– More than 80,000 feet of coaxial cable and 40,000 feet of 12 strand fiber

– 76 Omni and 156 oDAS Panel Antennas

Daytona International SpeedwayInstallation Photos

DAS Case Study: Tampa Convention Center & Raymond James Stadiumy

DAS Engineering Basics

Distributed Antenna Systems

The DAS Life Cycle

Why is Indoor Coverage Poor?• The building is acting as an RF shield

– Fortified construction: hospitals, government buildings, etc.– Highly tinted windows: energy-efficient, green building effortsg y gy , g g– Lack of coverage in below grade floors– Elevators and center areas of the building

• High rise buildings (typically more than 15 floors)g g ( yp y )– High levels of RF interference from cell towers degrade service– Lower level and below-grade floors are often shadowed from towers (roof tops)

• The building is blocked from the tower by other buildingsg y g

• The WSP/PS Network Cell Site Tower is too far away– Some WSP tower locations may be closer than others

• New technologies are being broadcast on higher frequencies

Is a Coverage System Required?Wireless Service Provider (WSP) Commercial Services• Is there often less than 3 “BARS” on a phone?

• Do people complain about poor cellular coverage indoors?

• Do people need to stand next to a window to make a call?

D th t t t f ll ?• Does the owner want to guarantee full coverage?

Public Safety Services (police, fire, rescue)y (p , , )• Does the city have a first-responder in-building coverage ordinance?

• Do first responders complain about poor 2-way radio coverage?

• Is there coverage in the stairwells and elevators?

• Do you have liability concerns?

DAS System ConfigurationsPassive DAS - Coax used to distribute RF signals• Only active component – BDA/Repeater/Small Cell

Id l l ti f ll 150K ft• Ideal solution for smaller venues <150K sq. ft.• Limited growth or expansion capability• Parallel systems required for carrier and public safety

D t t i ll ffl d th i ’ t k• Do not typically offload the carriers’ macro network

Active DAS - Adds RF FO conversion, fiber, and distributed amplifiers• Commonly driven by cell site base stations• Commonly driven by cell site base stations• Scalable – Single to multi-band/operator installations• Cost-effective multi-carrier coverage over 150,000 sq. ft.• Flexible for growth and expansion• Flexible for growth and expansion• One system for cellular carriers and 700/800/900 public safety• Offloads the carriers macro network if driven by BTS sources

Public Safety• NFPA Guidelines

– NFPA 72 2010

I d i A il f 2009– Issued in April of 2009

– Only applicable if the municipality adopts this portion of the code

• Require Public Safety coverage inside facilities– Fire, Police, First Responders

– No building size is identified – defines coverage

– If the municipality adopts the codes - it would be enforceable for new buildings and major– If the municipality adopts the codes - it would be enforceable for new buildings and major renovations

• Includes discussion on retransmission agreements• Public Safety officials want permission before rebroadcasting• Public Safety officials want permission before rebroadcasting

– Poor designs can harm coverage

Public Safety• 99% coverage in critical areas include command center, elevator

lobbies, and exit stairs

• 90% coverage for remaining areas

• Component enclosures in NEMA 4/4X type enclosure

• Repeater equipment shall be FCC approved and certification

• UPS requirements

– Primary is dedicated branch circuit

– Secondary is 12-hour battery backup

A l t ti i d f ti t d t• Annual testing required for active components and system

The Correct Tools are Critical for Success• Site Surveys and Needs Analysis

– iBwave MobileSi l G t– Signal Generators

– Spectrum Analyzers– ZK Cell Test, Agilent, and/or SeeGull Ambient Signal Testers

• Design– iBwave (equipment layout and propagation analysis)– AutoCAD (for construction drawing sets)

• Commissioning– iOLM or similar OTDR test equipment– Spectrum AnalyzersSpectrum Analyzers– Signal Generators– JDSU and/or PCTEL software

Coverage Needs Analysis

Coverage Needs Analysis• Two main factors that demonstrate signal:

– RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator• Measured in dBm• -85 dBm is the typical threshold• Lower dBm ( e g 95 dBm) = lower signal• Lower dBm ( e.g. -95 dBm) = lower signal• No longer is -85 dBm a standard in the carrier world –Today’s DAS built on

Dominance

– Quality• Typically a Signal to Noise based ratio – Ec/Io, SQE, C/I• Thresholds vary per service provider

N i l (hi h i )• Noisy room example (high rise)

Coverage Needs Analysis• Methodology

– Measure multiple service providers and technologies+

– Test signals are used to determine internal wall losses and propagation characteristics

– Log data layer on top of floor plan layer– Log data layer on top of floor plan layer

– Analyze log data with indoor mapping analysis software

– Data is collected and post-processed• RSSI , RSRP, SQE and Quality• Overlay of floor plans• DAS enhancement recommendations are provided based on data

Public Safety – Spectrum Analyzer Methods– Public Safety – Spectrum Analyzer Methods

Coverage Needs Analysis

University of IowaBenchmarkCampusCampus Drive

All ReportsPDFPDFsRaw Data

Site Survey

Construction Site Survey• Equipment Room (ER Identification)

• RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators

• Interior wall materials

– Concrete vs. drywall

• Ceiling heights and type

– Drop-tile or hard ceiling

• Cable pathways

– Vertical chases

– Horizontal cabling supports

(conduit, cable trays, J-hooks, etc.)

• Existing RF systems

• Power and Wall Space

• MDF and IDF locations

Site Survey

Site Survey

-30Ref Level : 30 0 dB

Spectrum AnalyzerA

M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz

80

-70

-60

-50

-40-30.0 dBm dB / Div :

10.0 dB

m

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

M1

dB

-130864.5 868.0 871.5 875.0 878.5 882.0 885.5 889.0 892.5 896.0

M1

Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli SecStd: RBW: 30 kHz VBW: 10 kHz Detection: Pos. PeakCF: 881.5 MHz SPAN: 35.00 MHz Attenuation: 1 dB

Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)

Model: MS2711D Serial #: 00844195Date: 08/27/2009 Time: 07:33:24Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec

Site Survey• RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators• Interior wall materials

– Concrete vs. drywall• Ceiling heights and type

Drop tile or hard ceiling– Drop-tile or hard ceiling• Purpose of building

– Dense or open environment• Vertical chases

– Between floors

Site Survey: Additional Questions

• Existing RF systems

• Roof Mount Area• Roof Mount Area

• Headend Equipment Room

• Power and Wall Space

• MDF and IDF locationsMDF and IDF locations

• Type of cable – fire vs. plenum

Head End Room Planning (BTS)• Space for wireless carrier Base Transceiver Stations (BTS)

– Minimum of 200 square feet per wireless carrier800 to 1 000 square feet to accommodate all carriers– 800 to 1,000 square feet to accommodate all carriers

– Typically utilize existing MDF, but rooms can be retrofit to accommodate head end equipment

• Power requirements for the head-end room– 100 to 150 Amps 208 VAC three phase per carrier

• Environmental requirements for the head-end– 2 tons HVAC per wireless carrier

Fl L di• Floor Loading– 125 PSF for BTS equipment

In-building Design

Design• iBwave (RF-Vu + RF-Propagation) – Industry standard software that predicts wireless

coverage for all major wireless technologies (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WiMAX, 802.11b/g/a) for a i t f DAS t h l i d t dvariety of DAS technologies used to produce:

– Design Drawings – highly detailed & accurate depiction of equipment placement including riser diagrams and floor by floor layouts

– “Heat” Maps – color coded representation of predicted received RF levelsHeat Maps color coded representation of predicted received RF levels

• Bill of Materials Development – determining accurate material quantities and types based upon technical requirements and cost

• Design Package – Scope of Work, Bill of Materials, Link Budgets & Design Drawingsg g p , , g g g

Design: Typical Frequencies & Technologies

• AT&T– 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, GSM and UMTS)

• Verizon– 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, CDMA and EVDO)

-40

-30Ref Level : -30.0 dBm

dB / Div :

Spectrum AnalyzerA

M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz

• Sprint PCS– 800/1900 MHz (CDMA, LTE)

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

40dB / Div : 10.0 dB

dB

m

• T-Mobile– 1900/2100 (GSM and UMTS)

-130864.5 868.0 871.5 875.0 878.5 882.0 885.5 889.0 892.5 896.0

M1

Model: MS2711D Serial #: 00844195Date: 08/27/2009 Time: 07:33:24Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli SecStd: RBW: 30 kHz VBW: 10 kHz Detection: Pos. PeakCF: 881.5 MHz SPAN: 35.00 MHz Attenuation: 1 dB

Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz)

• Public Safety– 450/700/800 MHz

Carriers and Wireless FrequenciesSystem Type AT&T Verizon

SprintNextel T-Mobile Metro PCS Cricket

Public Safety

GSM (Voice) 850, 1900 1900

EDGE (2G data) 850, 1900 1900EDGE (2G data) 850, 1900 1900

UMTS (3G data) 850, 1900 2100

HSDPA (3G) 850, 1900 2100

HSUPA (3G+) 850, 1900 2100

HSPA+ (3G++)HSPA+ (3G++)

LTE (4G data) 700 700, 2100 1900 , 2600 2100 2100

Wi-Max (4G data) 2600

Public Safety150, 450, 700,

800 900y

800, 900

CDMA2000 (Voice) 850, 1900 800, 1900 1900 1900

EV-DO (3G data) 850, 1900 1900 1900 1900

Spectrum Owned700, 800, 700, 850, 800, 900, 1900,

2100, 1900 2100, 1900 2100, 1900Spectrum Owned1900, 2100 1900, 2100 2100

2100, 1900 2100, 1900 2100, 1900

Design

• We know the scope, carriers and donor signalsNow what?– Now what?

• Type of DAS– Coax vs. Fiber

• Head End Location

• Equipment manufacturers– CommScope, TE, Corning, JMA/Teko or SOLiDCommScope, TE, Corning, JMA/Teko or SOLiD

What is PIM and Why is it Important?• PIM should be considered during the design phase

• PIM = Passive IntermodulationPIM Passive Intermodulation

– Spurious RF noise and 3rd order products that are difficult to detect

• Exists when two or more signals are present in a passive device (coax• Exists when two or more signals are present in a passive device (coax, connector) that exhibits a nonlinear response

• Carriers are requiring PIM-rated componentsCarriers are requiring PIM rated components

• Rigorous field test procedure to ensure DAS PIM levels meet carrier specificationsp

Design: Link Budget

Design: Keys to Link Budget

• Power output at repeater or fiber remote

• # of channels per service provider• # of channels per service provider

• Splitter and cable loss

• Free Space Path Loss

• # of wall penetrations# of wall penetrations

• Fade Margin

U li k b d id f RF d i• Use link budget as guide for RF design

Design: Link Budget

Design: Clutter Loss

3D Model

Prediction and Propagation

Floor Plan Layout

Logical Design

Design: Wireless Thresholds

Old World New World-85 dBm mobile RSSI over 90-95% of the area for voice 6-8 dB stronger than the macro network85 dBm mobile RSSI over 90 95% of the area for voice

technologies-70 dBm for data centric technologies (EVDO, LTE, etc.)

6 8 dB stronger than the macro network coverage bleeding into the building

• Applies to 700/800/850/900/1900/2100 MHz

• Typical radius can vary from 50 ft. in dense environments to 100+ ft in open yp y pareas

• Limiting technology/frequency determines design

• MIMO or SISO?

Leading DAS Equipment OEMs

Installation

Distributed Antenna Systems

Installation Photos – United CenterUnited Center is a neutral host DAS recently installed by Connectivity Wireless

Installation – Potential Assumptions

• No core boring is required to properly install this distributed antenna system.

• End-user will allow use of existing 110 VAC for all DAS equipment. Any b k (UPS ) ill b id d b hback-up power (UPS or generators) will be provided by the customer or the end-user.

If C i F d d/N t l H t DC l t tili d d ill t• If Carrier Funded/Neutral Host – DC power plants utilized and will not use existing AC Power in the IDFs

E d ill ll f ll i ti bl t d th bli• End-user will allow use of all existing cable trays and other cabling support structures (J-Hooks, etc.)

Installation – Potential Assumptions

• Customer/end-user has secured landlord and all other l llnecessary approvals prior to installation.

• An existing roof penetration is available for donor antenna cabling. In the event that rooftop cabling cannot utilize existing penetrations, the owner of the roof system warranty must create an additional penetration.

What Typically gets Installed with a DAS? Base Stations – Head-end radio equipment, provided by the wireless carriers, that provides the RF signal source to drive the DAS

Fiber Head-End – Converts the RF signal to RF-over-fiber (RFoF) then transmits the signal viaFiber Head End Converts the RF signal to RF over fiber (RFoF), then transmits the signal via single-mode fiber-optic cable to the fiber remote unit

Multi-band Remote Unit – Converts the RFoF transmission back to an RF signal, which is then transmitted down coax cable to the coverage antenna

Fiber Optic Cable – Transports the converted RF signals from the head-end equipment to the remote units

Plenum Cable – Transports the RF signals from the fiber remote unit―to the coverage antennap g g

Splitter – Splits the RF signals, which is then delivered to multiple inputs/elements

Coverage Antennas – emits multi-band RF signals to the coverage areag g g

Donor Antenna

General Specifications

Antenna Type Directional yp

Operating Frequency Band 1710 – 2700 MHz | 698 – 960 MHz

Brand Cell-Max™

Color White

Interface 7-16 DIN Female

Package Quantity 1

Radome Color White

Radome Material PVC, UV resistant

Donor AntennaGeneral Specifications Antenna Type Yagi

Includes V-bolts

Operating Frequency Band806 – 869 MHz

Operating Frequency Band

Electrical SpecificationsFrequency Band, MHz 806–869

Beamwidth, Horizontal, degrees 60

Gain, dBd 10.0

Gain, dBi 12.1

Beamwidth, Vertical, degrees 30.0

Beam Tilt, degrees 0

Front-to-Back Ratio at 180°, dB 15

VSWR | Return Loss, db 1.5:1 | 14.0

Input Power, maximum, watts 150

Polarization VerticalPolarization Vertical

Impedance, ohms 50

Lightning Protection dc Ground

Omni Coverage AntennaGeneral Specifications

Antenna Type Omnidirectional

Operating Frequency Band 698 – 2700 MHz

Brand TRU-Omni R727

Color WhiteColor White

Interface N Female

Mounting Recess Mounting in Non-Metallic Ceiling Tile

l bl l d d l dPigtail Cable Included, Plenum Rated

Radome Color White

Radome Material ABS

½” Coax Plenum Distribution CableConstruction Materials Jacket Material PVC

Dielectric Material PE spline

Flexibility StandardFlexibility Standard

Inner Conductor Material Copper-clad aluminum wire

Jacket Color Off white

Outer Conductor Material Corrugated aluminum

Dimensions Nominal Size 1/2 in

Cable Weight 0.21 kg/m | 0.14 lb/ft

Electrical Specifications Cable Impedance 50 ohm ±2 ohm

Capacitance 76.0 pF/m | 23.0 pF/ft

Operating Frequency Band 1 – 8800 MHzOperating Frequency Band 1 8800 MHz

Peak Power 40.0 kW

Power Attenuation 2.325

SplitterGeneral Specifications Device Type Splitter

Interface N Female

C l Bl kColor Black

Electrical Specifications Operating Frequency Band

698 – 2700 MHz

Average Power, maximum

50 W

Dissipative Loss at Frequency Band

0.3 dB @ 698–2500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 2500–2700 MHz q y

Impedance 50 ohm

Insertion Loss at Frequency Band

0.3 dB @ 698–2500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 2500–2700 MHz

Return Loss 20.8 dBReturn Loss 20.8 dB

Split Loss 3.0 dB

VSWR 1.2:1

CouplerGeneral Specifications Device Type Coupler

Interface N Female C l Bl kColor Black

Electrical Specifications Operating Frequency Band 698 – 2700 MHz

3rd Order IMD -140 dBc (relative to carrier)

3rd Order IMD Test Method Two +43 dBm carriers

Average Power, maximum 200 W

Coupling 10 0 dBCoupling 10.0 dB

Coupling Tolerance ±1.0 dB

Impedance 50 ohm

Peak Power, maximum 1 kW

Reflected Power, maximum 100 W

Return Loss 20.8 dB

VSWR 1.2:1

12-Fiber Plenum Single-Mode Distribution Cable

General Specifications Cable Type Distribution

Construction Type ArmoredConstruction Type Armored

Subunit Type Gel-free

Construction Materials Fiber Type Solution TeraSPEED®, zero water peak single-mode fiber

Total Fiber Quantity 12 General Specifications

Fiber Type TeraSPEED®, zero water peak single-mode fiber

Fiber Type, quantity 12

Jacket Color Yellow

DimensionsCable Weight 101.0 lb/kft | 151.0 kg/km

Diameter Over Jacket 12.80 mm | 0.50 in

Repeater/BDA

• Universal Multi-Operator/Multi-Band “Class A” Off-Air Boosters Platform

– Supports up to 7 different frequency bands

– Incrementally expandable through scalable architectureIncrementally expandable through scalable architecture

– Supports public safety and commercial technologies

• Advance Digital Signal Processing

– Supports mix band-segment & channel selective configurations

– Filter characteristics set locally & remotely changeable on the fly

Fiber Head-End• Fiber optics enables:

– Wide bandwidth to support multiple wireless carrierswireless carriers

– Long distance with minimal loss

– Minimum design and installation costs

– Uniform signal strength throughout the building

– Flexibility for future evolutionFlexibility for future evolution• Modular architecture enables scalable investment and flexible

configuration

Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Andrew

Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.

• Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900 MHz in a single cabinetMHz in a single cabinet

• Only two optical fibers required to support all frequency bands

• All frequency bands combined to a single antenna connector

– External RF splitters may be used to support multiple p y pp pantennas for the greatest flexibility

• AC or DC mains power

Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Corning

Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc.

• Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900 MHz in a single cabinetMHz in a single cabinet

• Only two optical fibers required to support all frequency bands

• All frequency bands combined to a single antenna connector

– External RF splitters may be used to support multiple p y pp pantennas for the greatest flexibility

• AC or DC mains power

Commissioning• Coaxial cable and fiber testing

– Coaxial cable sweeps– Fiber iOLM/OTDR results

• Active component commissioning– Baseline noise floor measurement– CW testingCW testing– Fiber DAS commissioning– Uplink / Downlink testing– Additive noise calculation and testing

Wireless service provider turn up– Wireless service provider turn-up– RF validation testing

• Wireless carrier specific checklists

Maintenance Services• Preventive Maintenance Routines

– Quarterly, semi-Annual, or annual– Cable sweeps and OTDR testing– Comparison of baseline RF to current RF environment– Equipment inventorying and labeling– Update as-built documentation

• Response & Repair– 24x7x36524x7x365 – Customized SLAs and maintenance contracts– Regular Updates

• Ticket received, in-route, on-site, problem isolated, problem fixed

• System MonitoringMonitor In Building DAS elements from all vendors– Monitor In-Building DAS elements from all vendors

– System impairment communication management– Personnel dispatch– 24x7x365– Customized monitoring contracts

• Demand Drivers– Mandated by public safety code– Often critical/required for carrier approval

Carrier Coordination

Repeater VS BTS

• The Cellular Repeater – Is it Dead?

• As carriers require higher levels of dependability and capacitycapacity– New technology can no longer be driven over the air

• Carrier Coordination is a full time job– If you are part time in DAS you will be full time in coordinationIf you are part time in DAS you will be full time in coordination

Typical Carrier RF SourcesBidirectional Amplifier (BDA)

– Also called signal booster or repeater

– Small footprint, low power usagep , p g

– Repeats over the air donor signal from neighboring sites

– Wireless carriers beginning to throttle back usage

– Use Case: 1 to 50 wireless devices per carrier, depends on location

Enterprise Femtocell (E-Femto)– Small footprint, low power usage

– Utilizes enterprise customer or other internet connection

– Wireless carriers beginning to increase deployment

– Use Case: 1 to 150 wireless devices per carrierBase Transceiver Station (BTS)

A cell site built in a secure room such as an MDF– A cell site built in a secure room such as an MDF

– Typically installed in a rack configuration

– Typically utilizes T-1 provided by carriers back to their switch

Carrier Coordination• Necessary to obtain permission from wireless service providers

• Purchased frequencies from FCC/US GovernmentPurchased frequencies from FCC/US Government

• Re-transmission agreements

– Repeaters or microcellp

• Potential RF issues generated

– Noise floor, oscillation, frequency-specific, etc

• Carrier monitoring/database

• Public Safety

Carrier CoordinationThe Federal Communications Commission released a new order for use of Enterprise DAS amplifiers

(repeaters or signal boosters)

February 20th, 2013, FCC Report and Order 13-21Maintains that signal boosters require an FCC license or express licensee consent to install in commercial

and industrial space

The authorization process ensures that devices are operated only by licensees or with licensee consent and are adequately labeled to avoid misuse by consumers

Wireless Carrier CoordinationWireless carrier coordination is critical to the success of the DAS project

Q & A

Thank you!

Contact

Bryce Bregen

VP f S l d M k tiVP of Sales and Marketing

bbregen@connectivitywireless.com 2707 Main Street, Suite 1

Duluth, GA 30096Tyler Boyd

Nationwide Performance Engineer

Duluth, GA 30096

678.584.5799

tboyd@connectivitywireless.com