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Effective Preparation of Scientific Manuscripts. Daryl Lund Editor in Chief IFT Peer-Reviewed Journals And David Min The Ohio State University Scientific Editor JFS Food Chemistry and Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety Sections. Mission of Scientific Journals. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Daryl LundDaryl Lund
Editor in Chief IFT Peer-Reviewed JournalsEditor in Chief IFT Peer-Reviewed JournalsAndAnd
David MinDavid Min
The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University
Scientific Editor JFS Food Chemistry andScientific Editor JFS Food Chemistry and
Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety SectionsToxicology and Chemical Food Safety Sections
Effective Preparation of Scientific Manuscripts
To publish original, high quality, and important To publish original, high quality, and important findings in a specific scientific area with peer- findings in a specific scientific area with peer-
reviewreview
The purpose of The purpose of Journal of Food ScienceJournal of Food Science is to is to publish important findings in food science and publish important findings in food science and
technology.technology.
Therefore, the contents of a manuscript should be Therefore, the contents of a manuscript should be within this scope and be relevant to the within this scope and be relevant to the
readership of the readership of the Journal of Food Science. Journal of Food Science.
Mission of Scientific JournalsMission of Scientific Journals
Why Do You Publish?Why Do You Publish?
Make contributions to societyMake contributions to society
Be recognized professionally by Be recognized professionally by peerspeers
Advance in the professionAdvance in the profession
Roles of the Scientific EditorRoles of the Scientific Editor
Scientific Editor decides the publication Scientific Editor decides the publication fate of manuscripts based on the opinions fate of manuscripts based on the opinions of other scientists who judge the quality of of other scientists who judge the quality of submitted papers - “peer review process”.submitted papers - “peer review process”.
Scientific Editor is the guardian of scholarly Scientific Editor is the guardian of scholarly record, with the duty to ensure that record, with the duty to ensure that
published papers are scientifically of high published papers are scientifically of high quality and free from errors.quality and free from errors.
OriginalityOriginality
Novel or creative research methodologyNovel or creative research methodology
New and important research findingsNew and important research findings
Criteria for AcceptanceCriteria for Acceptance
Scientific QualityScientific QualityAppropriate experimental design and Appropriate experimental design and
methodologymethodology Data presentation and interpretationData presentation and interpretation
Appropriate statistical analysisAppropriate statistical analysis Depth of the investigationDepth of the investigation Substance of the resultsSubstance of the results
Thorough and logical discussion of Thorough and logical discussion of resultsresults
Criteria for AcceptanceCriteria for Acceptance
Clarity of PresentationClarity of Presentation
Organization of presentationOrganization of presentationReadability, clarity of writing, and grammarReadability, clarity of writing, and grammar
Paper is much more likely to be rejected based Paper is much more likely to be rejected based on inadequate analysis than lack of originalityon inadequate analysis than lack of originality
Importance to the Scientific Field and Importance to the Scientific Field and the Readershipthe Readership
Usefulness of findings to food scientists Usefulness of findings to food scientists
Criteria for AcceptanceCriteria for Acceptance
Scientific writing is primarily an exercise in Scientific writing is primarily an exercise in organization.organization.
Scientific writing is highly stylized with distinctive Scientific writing is highly stylized with distinctive components.components.
Scientific paper should have the proper order of Scientific paper should have the proper order of components.components.
Research work should be communicated effectively Research work should be communicated effectively and clearly using simple words of known meaning.and clearly using simple words of known meaning.
The best English in scientific writing is to make the The best English in scientific writing is to make the point in the fewest possible words.point in the fewest possible words.
Writing a Scientific PaperWriting a Scientific Paper
Writing Scientific PaperWriting Scientific Paper
Use simple and short sentences instead Use simple and short sentences instead of complex and long sentences. Divide of complex and long sentences. Divide long sentences into two or three simple long sentences into two or three simple short sentences.short sentences.
Enjoy the sheer beauty of a simple Enjoy the sheer beauty of a simple declarative sentence using clear, precise declarative sentence using clear, precise words. words.
If the components are properly organized, If the components are properly organized, the paper will almost write itself.the paper will almost write itself.
Two Essential Ingredients Two Essential Ingredients
Good organizationGood organization
Appropriate language within Appropriate language within the organizationthe organization
• TitleTitle
• AbstractAbstract
• Practical Application (optional)Practical Application (optional)
• IntroductionIntroduction
• Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
• Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion
• ConclusionsConclusions
• ReferencesReferences
Components in Original Research Components in Original Research ManuscriptManuscript
To describe the nature and content of research To describe the nature and content of research concisely and accurately. concisely and accurately.
Concise to describe the content of study with the Concise to describe the content of study with the fewest words – 20 words.fewest words – 20 words.
Clear and informative.Clear and informative.
Capture the importance of the study and the Capture the importance of the study and the attention of the reader.attention of the reader.
Describe actual findings that can be supported in Describe actual findings that can be supported in the manuscript.the manuscript.
TitleTitle
Enable readers to identify the basic Enable readers to identify the basic contents of a paper quickly and accurately.contents of a paper quickly and accurately.
State succinctly what was done and how it State succinctly what was done and how it was donewas done
Conclusions should be justified by the Conclusions should be justified by the results in the textresults in the text
Information in the abstract should be Information in the abstract should be presented in the main textpresented in the main text
Not exceeding 200 words in Not exceeding 200 words in Journal of Food Journal of Food ScienceScience
AbstractAbstract
Practical Application Practical Application (optional)(optional)
Provide the reader with a perception Provide the reader with a perception of the utility of the researchof the utility of the research
Assist staff in preparing Assist staff in preparing announcements of the researchannouncements of the research
Assist reporters in spotting important Assist reporters in spotting important research of particular interest to the research of particular interest to the general public general public
Journal of Food Science’ Journal of Food Science’ RequestRequest
Enter “Practical Application:” followed by a brief Enter “Practical Application:” followed by a brief description, in layman’s terms, description, in layman’s terms, of the potential of the potential industrial or consumer application industrial or consumer application of the of the research presented in your paper. Keep the research presented in your paper. Keep the description short, about 1 to 3 sentences, and description short, about 1 to 3 sentences, and in in language non-scientist readers can easily language non-scientist readers can easily understandunderstand. The brief should describe . The brief should describe probable probable uses for your workuses for your work, whether for direct , whether for direct commercial application, to aid in further research commercial application, to aid in further research efforts, or for consumer impact. Do not make efforts, or for consumer impact. Do not make unreasonable claims that cannot be derived from unreasonable claims that cannot be derived from the work described in the paper.the work described in the paper.
Provide the readers with sufficient Provide the readers with sufficient background information to evaluate background information to evaluate
the results of the research the results of the research
No more than 2 typed pages usuallyNo more than 2 typed pages usually
Focus on the main subjectFocus on the main subject
Brief and well integrated review of Brief and well integrated review of pertinent workpertinent work
Cite key and current literatureCite key and current literature
IntroductionIntroduction
Extensive review of the literature is Extensive review of the literature is not needednot needed
Explain the importance of your Explain the importance of your researchresearch
What new or important scientific What new or important scientific information is needed to advance information is needed to advance knowledge in the subject area? knowledge in the subject area?
State clearly why the research is needed State clearly why the research is needed and worth doingand worth doing
State the objectives of your workState the objectives of your work
IntroductionIntroduction
Provide sufficient analytical information so that work Provide sufficient analytical information so that work can be repeated.can be repeated.
Use appropriate experimental design to answer the Use appropriate experimental design to answer the research question.research question.
Cite and use the accepted and current methodology. Cite and use the accepted and current methodology.
If a published method is modified, such modifications If a published method is modified, such modifications must be described in detail.must be described in detail.
Describe new methods in detail.Describe new methods in detail.
Describe statistical analysis of data if appropriate.Describe statistical analysis of data if appropriate.
Use subheadings as needed for clarity.Use subheadings as needed for clarity.
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
Present research data concisely and Present research data concisely and interpret the data scientifically.interpret the data scientifically.
Short and sweet with no excess Short and sweet with no excess verbiage.verbiage.
Work consistent with the objectives Work consistent with the objectives stated in the Introduction.stated in the Introduction.
Results Results
Reproducibility and sensitivity of Reproducibility and sensitivity of analytical methodsanalytical methods
Report representative data rather Report representative data rather than endless repetitive datathan endless repetitive data
Numerical data with the correct Numerical data with the correct number of significant digitsnumber of significant digits
Results Results
Results Results
Present results concisely using tables and figures Present results concisely using tables and figures as needed.as needed.
Table and figure legends should be accompanied Table and figure legends should be accompanied with sufficient information to make the main point with sufficient information to make the main point
so that minimal text is needed. so that minimal text is needed.
Do not present the same information in both Do not present the same information in both tables, figures, and the text.tables, figures, and the text.
All tables and figures must be numbered in the All tables and figures must be numbered in the order in which they are mentioned in the text.order in which they are mentioned in the text.
Show the relationships among observed facts.Show the relationships among observed facts.
Point out any exceptions or lack of correlations, Point out any exceptions or lack of correlations, and define any unsettled points.and define any unsettled points.
Discuss the discrepancies between new results Discuss the discrepancies between new results and previously reported results in similar and previously reported results in similar
studies. studies.
Discuss the research limitations and identify Discuss the research limitations and identify future research. future research.
Discuss the theoretical implications and Discuss the theoretical implications and possible practical applications of your research.possible practical applications of your research.
DiscussionDiscussion
Identify key findings and application to food Identify key findings and application to food science and technology science and technology
Conclusion should not be a summary of the Conclusion should not be a summary of the work done or a virtual duplication of the work done or a virtual duplication of the
abstract.abstract.
Conclusions should be justified by the Conclusions should be justified by the experimental design, methods, and results.experimental design, methods, and results.
ConclusionConclusion
Cite current and key pertinent references. Cite current and key pertinent references.
Consider references from the journal itself. Consider references from the journal itself.
Reference citations must be accurate and Reference citations must be accurate and complete. complete.
The number of references should be appropriate The number of references should be appropriate without a complete historical bibliography without a complete historical bibliography
ReferencesReferences
Why Was My Why Was My Manuscript Rejected ?Manuscript Rejected ?
The subject matter is of insufficient interest to the The subject matter is of insufficient interest to the readership to a specific journalreadership to a specific journal Lack of new informationLack of new information
The results are trivial, predictable, or duplicative The results are trivial, predictable, or duplicative of othersof others
Insufficient international importance or interestInsufficient international importance or interest Scientific quality is substandard due to poor Scientific quality is substandard due to poor
experimental design and methodologyexperimental design and methodology Improper conclusionImproper conclusion
Suspected misconduct - fabrication and Suspected misconduct - fabrication and plagiarismplagiarism
Immediate Rejection CriteriaImmediate Rejection Criteria
Neatness counts in scientific research publications!
SuggestionsSuggestions
Wrong Experiment and Wrong Experiment and ConclusionConclusion
A biology professor trained a flea for many months.A biology professor trained a flea for many months.
He was able to get a response from the flea each time He was able to get a response from the flea each time when the command was given. The professor shouted when the command was given. The professor shouted the command “Jump” and the flea leaped into the air.the command “Jump” and the flea leaped into the air.
The professor decided to determine the location of The professor decided to determine the location of hearing receptor.hearing receptor.
ExperimentExperiment
ExperimentExperiment
Professor removed the legs of the flea one at Professor removed the legs of the flea one at a time. The flea continued to leap on his a time. The flea continued to leap on his command “Jump”. But as each successive command “Jump”. But as each successive leg was removed, his jump became less leg was removed, his jump became less spectacular. spectacular.
Finally, with the removal of the last leg of Finally, with the removal of the last leg of flea, the flea did not response to the flea, the flea did not response to the command “Jump” and the flea remained command “Jump” and the flea remained motionless. motionless.
ConclusionConclusion
““When the legs of a flea are removed, the When the legs of a flea are removed, the flea can no longer hear. Therefore, the flea can no longer hear. Therefore, the locations of hearing receptors are in legslocations of hearing receptors are in legs.”.”
So, please consider IFT’s journals for So, please consider IFT’s journals for your manuscriptsyour manuscripts
Journal of Food ScienceJournal of Food Science
Journal of Food Science Journal of Food Science EducationEducation
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food SafetyScience and Food Safety
Sections of JFSSections of JFS
Concise Reviews/HypothesisConcise Reviews/HypothesisFood ChemistryFood Chemistry
Toxicology and Chemical Food SafetyToxicology and Chemical Food SafetyFood Engineering/Physical Properties Food Engineering/Physical Properties
Nanoscale Food Science, Engineering, and Nanoscale Food Science, Engineering, and TechnologyTechnology
Food Microbiology and SafetyFood Microbiology and SafetySensory and Food QualitySensory and Food Quality
Health, Nutrition, and FoodHealth, Nutrition, and Food