Darwin’s Theory of EvolutionThe Puzzle of Life’s Diversity

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WRITE A DEFINITION:

change over time; the process by which modern

organisms have descended from ancient

organisms

a well-supported testable explanation of

phenomena that have occurred in the natural world

the preserved remains of ancient organisms

EVOLUTION:

THEORY:

FOSSIL:

The total variety of all the organisms in the biosphere

= ________________

Where did all these different organisms come from?

How are they related?

BIODIVERSITY

REMEMBER !

http://www.millan.net

What scientific explanation can account for the diversity of life?

ANSWER:

A collection of ______________,

__________, and ___________ known as

________________________

Scientific factsobservations hypotheses

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

The person who contributed themost to our understanding of evolution was ______________________

In 1831, at age 22, he joined the crew ofthe _______________ as a naturalist fora ________ voyage around the world.

Charles Darwin

H.M.S. Beagle

http://harrier.users.netlink.co.uk/Darwin_sm.jpg

Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

5 year

During his travels, Darwin wrote thousandsof pages in his journals, drew pictures ofthe things he saw, and collected a vastamount of ______________ that led himto propose a _______________________about the way _____________.

revolutionary hypothesisevidence

life changes

http://www.elsie.brandeis.edu/images/journals.gif http://www.24hourmuseum.org.uk/chg/content/images/2003_2233.JPG

DARWIN WONDERED?

Why do Argentina and Australia have ______________ even though they have ________grassland ____________?

Why are there no ______ in Australia andno ________ in England?

Why have so many species disappeared?

How are these ______ species related to living species? http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/mitchell/images/dinosaur1.gif

differentanimals similar

ecosystems

rabbitskangaroos

extinct

Who Was Charles Darwin?

While on his voyage around the world aboard the ____________, Charles Darwin spent about one month observing life on the

________________.

There, he encountered some unique animals, such as ______ and ________.

Galápagos Islands

http://www.darwinadventure.com/pictures/galapagos_giantortoise.jpg

http://mikebaird.com/ecuador/images/galapagos_off_ecuador_ng_map.jpg

H.M.S. Beagle

finches tortoises

The Galάpagos Islands are close together but have very different _______.

Some were hot and dry, with little vegetation.

Others had more rainfall and were rich in vegetation

Each island hadits own _____ _________ of plant and animal species.

Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

climates

assortment

unique

Go to Section:

Pinta IslandIntermediate shell

Pinta

Isabela IslandDome-shaped shell

Hood IslandSaddle-backed shellHoodFloreana

Santa Fe

Santa Cruz

James

Marchena

Fernandina

Isabela

Tower

Giant Tortoises of the Galápagos Islands

Section 15-1

On the desert-like Hood Island,

tortoises had long necks…

…while on the lush rainforest of Isabela Island,

tortoises had short necks…

and on Pinta Island, tortoise necks

were somewhere in between

After his voyage, Darwin spent a great deal of time thinking about his findings.

He began to wonder if animals living ondifferent islands had once been membersof the ____________ that haddeveloped _________ characteristicsafter becoming _______ from oneanother in different habitats.

same speciesdifferent

isolated

Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

Darwin’s Theory of EvolutionIdeas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking

Chapter 15-2

Image from: Biology by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:

In 1785 ______________proposes that the EARTHwas _______ by_________________occurring over__________ periods of time, and is_______________ old.

very long

James Hutton

shaped

geological forces

millions of years

http://www.creationism.org/books/TaylorInMindsMen/TaylorIMMc03.htm

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:

In 1833 ___________ explains that the geological processes still ___________ have shaped Earth’s features over ________________

Charles Lyell

occurring now

http://www.biologydaily.com/biology/Sir_Charles_Lyell

long periods of time

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:

http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/usgsnps/animate/A08.gif

Theory of Pangaea

…and continentaldrift

Living things must compete for food, shelter, space, mates

competition

REMEMBER !Chapter 3

http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:

_____________________

He observed that babies were being born

faster than people were dying. He

reasoned that if the human population

continued to grow, sooner or later there

would be _______________________

Thomas Malthus (1798)

insufficient space & food

http://www.nndb.com/people/250/000024178/malthus.jpg

Ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking:

___________________________was one of first scientists to recognize living things_______________ and thatall species were ________ fromother species.

Lamarck published his hypothesis of________________________ the year Darwin was born.

changed over time

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809)

descended

Inheritance of Acquired traits

http://www.educa.rcanaria.es/fundoro/00.corsi.htm

The male fiddler crab uses itsfront claw to _________mates and fight off _____________.

Through _________ use, the front claw becomes ________.

The fiddler passes on this __________ characteristic to its offspring

attractpredators

larger

repeated

acquired

What’s wrong with Lamarck’s hypothesis?

Lamarck didn’t know about

genes and how traits are _______.

If you lifted weights your

whole young adult life, and

then you had children, would

your kids be more muscular?

inherited

NO! ________ traits can ____ be __________ to their offspring.

http://www.geocities.com/arnold_schwarzenegger_pictures/

ACQUIRED NOT PASSED ON

What’s right with Lamarck’s hypothesis?

Lamarck was first to

develop a scientific

hypothesis about

_______

and recognize that

organisms are

________________________

evolution

adapted to their environments

http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~he599900/giraffeeating.jpg

a. The earth is really old, and slowly changes

b. Living things pass changes on to their offspring, leading to species changes

c. Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources

d. Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources,

and pass those changes on to their offspring

Hutton

Lyell

Malthus

Lamarck

Match the letter of the idea with

the man or men who proposed it:

a. The earth is really old, and slowly changes

b. Living things pass changes on to their offspring, leading to species changes

c. Sooner or later growing populations run out of resources

d. Living things change slowly over time because of competition for resources,

and pass those changes on to their offspring

Hutton

Lyell

Malthus

Lamarck

a.

c.

b.

d.

Go to Section:

Concept Map

Section 15-3

includes

Evidence of

Evolution

Physical

remains of

organisms

Common

ancestral

species

Similar genes Similar genes

which is composed of which indicates which implies which implies

The fossil record

Geographic

distribution of

living species

Homologous

body structures

Similarities

in early

development