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Hunter Region Darawank Nature Reserve Fire Management Strategy 2005 This strategy should be used in conjunction with aerial photography and field reconnaissance during incidents and the development of incident action plans. These data are not guaranteed to be free from error or omission. The NSW National Parks and Wildlife and its employees disclaim liability for any act done on the information in the data and any consequences of such acts or omissions. This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research criticism or review, as permitted under the copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service is part of the Department of Environment and Conservation. Published by the Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), January 2005. Contact: NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hunter Region, Locked Bag 99, Nelson Bay Delivery Centre, NSW 2315. ISBN 1 7412 2188 9 Last Updated: 03/02/2005 This strategy is a relevant Plan under Section 38 (4) and Section 44 (3) of Rural Fires Act 1997. Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) T uncur r y R d R a i n f o r e s t F i r e T r l So u t h e r n B o u n d a ry T rl M a i n S t M i d c o a s t W a t e r T rl C e n t r e F i r e T r l B l a c k h e a d R d R e e a d y m i x T rl T i p T r l B l a c k h e a d Rd North Boundary Trl T h e P i n e s R d T h e P i n e s R d u r r y R d No r t h e r n Fi r e T r l South West Strategic Fire Advantage Zone Estimated 4 - 7 years Maintaining overall fuel hazard < very high Central Strategic Fire Advantage Zone Estimated 4 - 7 years Maintaining overall fuel hazard < very high Northern Heritage Management Zone Central Heritage Management Zone Southern Heritage Management Zone Rainforest Heritage Management Zone Northern Strategic Fire Advantage Zone Estimated 4 - 7 years Maintaining overall fuel hazard < very high South East Strategic Fire Advantage Zone Estimated 4 - 7 years Maintaining overall fuel hazard < very high 451000 451000 452000 452000 453000 453000 454000 454000 455000 455000 456000 456000 457000 457000 458000 458000 459000 459000 6444000 6445000 6445000 6446000 6446000 6447000 6447000 6448000 6448000 6449000 6449000 6450000 6450000 6451000 6451000 6452000 6452000 u r r y Rd R a i n f o r e s t F i r e T r l So u t h e r n B o u n d a ry T rl M a i n S t M i d c o a s t W a t e r T rl C e n t r e F i r e T r l B l a c k h e a d R d R e e a d y m i x T r l T i p T r l B l a c k h e a d Rd North Boundary Trl T h e P i n e s R d T h e P i n es R d u r r y R d No r t h e r n Fi r e T r l 452000 452000 453000 453000 454000 454000 455000 455000 456000 456000 457000 457000 458000 458000 6444000 6444000 6445000 6445000 6446000 6446000 6447000 6447000 6448000 6448000 6449000 6449000 6450000 6450000 6451000 6451000 6452000 6452000 Bushfire Suppression Information 2005/06 The information in this section will be updated annually based on fire history and completed fire management works. Fire Control Advantages This map illustrates fire control advantages that may be used during bushfire suppression operations. This map illustrates the strategies NPWS plans to implement between 2004 - 2009 in the reserve. CONTACT DETAILS Agency Position Number NPWS Hunter Region Duty Officer (24 hr) Great Lakes Area Manager Fire Management Officer Operations Coordinator Great Lakes Area Office Hunter Regional Office 016 301161 / 0429 144880 6591 0301 / 0429 144874 4984 8206 / 0429 144870 4984 8212 / 0429 144872 6591 0300 / (fax) 6554 0489 4984 8200 / (fax) 4981 5913 RFS Great Lakes 6555 5782 / 0428 242748 6555 8888 / (fax) 6555 8899 NSW Fire Brigade Newcastle Communications (24 hr) 49297 177 / (fax) 4927 2580 State Forests Resource Protection Manager Fire Officer Fire Mobile Bulahdelah Office 4927 0977 / (fax) 4927 8030 4927 0977 / 0427 782772 0429 491868 4997 4206 / (fax) 4997 4812 SES Forster 6554 0716 Police Forster-Tuncurry Emergency 6555 1299 / (fax) 6555 1222 000 Ambulance Bookings Emergency 131233 000 Hospital Forster Taree 6554 6077 6592 9111 DIPNR Newcastle 4929 4346 Councils Great Lakes 6591 7222 / (fax) 6591 6200 COMMUNICATION RESOURCES Service Channel Location/Comments NPWS - VHF 26 Mt Cabbage Tree 21 Nerong Mountain 31 Coolongolook RFS-PMR 32 Cabbage Tree Mountain RFS - GRN 171 Hunter Region RFS 1-99 Available in most RFS vehicles UHF - CB Choose channel on fire-ground with RFS NPWS-VHF Portable Repeater 15 Can be located anywhere Kept at Regional Office Mobile Phone - Generally good coverage Contacts and Communications Great Lakes Greater Taree Local Government Areas NABIAC 93331N HALLIDAYS POINT 94334N FORSTER 94334S 1:25 000 Map Index ur r y R d R a i n f o r e s t F i r e T r l S o u t h e r n B o u n d a r y T r l M a i n S t M i d c o a s t W a t e r T r l C e n t r e F i r e T r l B l a c k h e a d R d R e e a d y m i x T r l T i p T r l B l a c k h e a d R d North Boundary Trl T h e P i n e s R d T h e P i nes R d u r r y R d N o r t h e r n Fire T rl 452000 452000 453000 453000 454000 454000 455000 455000 456000 456000 457000 457000 458000 458000 6444000 6444000 6445000 6445000 6446000 6446000 6447000 6447000 6448000 6448000 6449000 6449000 6450000 6450000 6451000 6451000 6452000 6452000 Assets & Fire Fuels This map illustrates fire fuels and the location of assets for use in bushfire suppression operations. AMG 1966 Zone 56 Scale 1:40 000 0 800 1600 Metres 400 LEGEND DESCRIPTION Fire Management Zones Note that some fire management zones extend beyond the boundaries of the reserve onto adjacent land. While the strategies proposed for adjacent land are not binding on the neighbouring property owner/occupier, NPWS will pursue these strategies with neighbours because if they are not implemented it may result in assets remaining at high risk. Where possible, NPWS will assist neighbours to undertake the proposed strategies. Strategic Fire Advantage Zones: The objective of strategic fire management zones is to help reduce fire behaviour to reduce the chance of bushfire moving into or out of the reserve. This will be achieved by conducting prescribed burning at the frequency required to maintain the overall fuel hazard below very high . The estimated frequency of burning required to achieve this is indicated on the adjacent map. In many cases, the boundaries of strategic fire management zones are defined by roads and trails indicating a solid control line. Thus the mapped extent of strategic fire management zones should be viewed as the maximum area that is likely to be burnt in any prescribed burn. Heritage Management Zones: The objective of heritage management zones is to conserve biodiversity and protect cultural heritage. The proposed burning frequency for heritage management zones is that which is required to conserve biodiversity in the vegetation communities occurring within the zone (see Bushfire Risk Management Strategies Map Legend above). Roads & Trails The above map illustrates existing trails that are considered important for fire management and are proposed to be maintained. In general, it is proposed that NPWS maintains trails within the reserve and the owner/occupier maintain trails on their properties. However, NPWS may enter into agreements with neighbouring property owners about maintenance of trails on their property. Note the illustration of roads and trails on this map does not necessarily indicate a right of way and unless there is an existing access agreement permission should always be sought from the relevant land holders before using trails on their property. Primary Category 1 Trails are existing trails that will be maintained to a standard sufficient to allow the passage of Category 1 fire tankers (4wd Heavy Tanker up to 3000 litre capacity). Secondary Category 9 Trails are existing trails that will be maintained to a standard sufficient to allow the passage of Category 9 fire tankers (4wd ute up to 400 litre capacity). Radiation Zones There are a large number of rural residential properties close to the reserve. Many of these properties do not have existing radiation zones. It is recommended that the Rural Fire Service pursue the construction and maintenance of radiation zones around structures on all private properties surrounding the reserve. Other Fire Control Advantages Other fire control advantages are features that may be used to support bushfire suppression operations and include water points (both helicopter and vehicle accessible), helipads, landing grounds, staging areas and refuge areas. Other fire control advantages that will be maintained or constructed in and around the reserves are illustrated in the adjacent map. GENERAL OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES Issue/Area Operational Guidelines Aerial Ignition May be used where considered appropriate. May be ineffective in heathlands due to a poorly developed surface fuel layer. Will be ineffective and should not be used when there is surface water covering the soil. Backburning As far as possible, backburning should take account of threatened species and cultural heritage guidelines. On days when the fire danger > High, as far as possible delay backburning until early evening. Backburning may be safely undertaken during the day when the fire danger < High. Take particular care backburning when there are fibrous/paper bark trees close to control lines. Command and Control ICS system will be implemented during all fire suppression activities. Water Bombing Can be used to slow the spread of a fire but will not extinguish a fire without support from ground crews. Ground crews must be warned of water bombing operations. As far as possible, foam should be used to increase the effectiveness of the water. Foam/water should not be used for building control lines because it is ineffective. Trails Many trails have a sandy surface and may become impassable after heavy use. Develop a traffic plan that minimises use of trails, especially by heavy vehicles. Restoration All new fire breaks will be restored as part of the fire suppression operation. Earth Moving Machinery Can only be used with consent of NPWS and only if the probability of success is considered high. As far as possible, restrict use to dormant trails and other previously disturbed areas. Subject to operational constraints, minimise the length of break constructed. As far as possible, take account of threatened species and cultural heritage management guidelines. The route to be taken by earth moving machinery must be scouted to identify possible cultural heritage sites. Foams & Wetting Agents Use permitted where considered appropriate. As far as possible, minimise use in rainforest communities. Fire Advantage Recording All fire advantages used during wildfire suppression operations are to be mapped so they can be added to the database. Retardant Retardant is ineffective and should not be used in communities with a dense canopy cover. Retardant is ineffective and should not be used against high intensity fires producing large numbers of spot fires. Retardant is most applicable to building short lengths of control line to link existing control lines. Areas where retardant has been used shall be mapped. Forster Land Fill Site As far as possible, ensure fires do not ignite the tip face as it is extremely difficult to extinguish. If the tip face is ignited, extinguish using earth moving machinery and flooding with water. AMG 1966 Zone 56 Scale 1:40 000 0 800 1600 Metres 400 FUELS AND FIRE BEHAVIOUR CHARACTERISTICS Fuel Type Fire Behaviour Characteristics Flammable under a wide range of conditions. High fire intensity and flame heights under hot, dry, windy conditions. Heavy short distance spotting (<500m), occasional long distance spotting (>500m). Forests and woodlands with a heathy understorey typically exhibit higher levels of fire behaviour than those with a more open understorey. Dry Sclerophyll Forest Use McArthur Mark 5 Forest Fire Behaviour Model to estimate ROS. High intensity, high ROS fires under most conditions, even shortly after rain. ROS and intensity highly sensitive to wind speed. At low wind speeds (<10 km/h) fires may not sustain, particularly in fuels <3 yrs. Heavy short distance spotting (<500m) common. Heathland/ Shrubland Use Catchpole et al. Heathland Fire Behaviour Model to estimate ROS. Seasonally inundated. When inundated, requires winds >20km/h to sustain spread through aerial fuels. When not inundated, burns with high ROS, intensity and heavy short distance spotting (<500m). Crown fires and very high flame heights (3-5 x tree height) common due to high level of vertical fuel continuity. When inundated backfires usually self extinguish at night. Ground (peat) fires common when not inundated and soils dry. Swamp Sclerophyll Forest Use Catchpole et al. Heathland Fire Behaviour Model to estimate ROS. Generally only flammable when BKDI > 80. May function as control line when BKDI < 50. Ground (peat) fires common when BKDI > 125. When flammable, often burns at extreme intensities (higher than any other fuel type). Wet Sclerophyll Forest When flammable, often results in long distance spotting (>500m). Generally only flammable when BKDI > 100. May function as control line when BKDI < 60. Ground (peat) fires common when BKDI > 125. When flammable, fires are usually slow and of low intensity, although vines may allow flames to climb trees. Rainforest Due to palms dropping large numbers of dead fronds, palms may be flammable when other rainforest species are not. Only flammable when grass >50-70% cured. May function as control line when grass <50% cured. When grass >70% cured, burns with the highest ROS of any fuel type but comparatively low flame height and intensity. When grass >70% cured, ROS highly sensitive to wind speed. When grass >70% cured, flame height and intensity, but not ROS, strongly influenced by grass height and continuity. Spotting >100m uncommon. Cleared Use CSIRO Grassland Fire Behaviour Model to estimate ROS. Sand/Rock/Bare Ground or Water Not flammable. INTERPRETATION OF BIODIVERSITY THRESHOLD CATEGORIES Category Interpretation Protect from fire as far as possible. Overburnt Past fire frequency has already exceeded biodiversity thresholds. Protect from fire as far as possible. Vulnerable The occurrence of fire this year will result in biodiversity thresholds being exceeded. If possible, allow area to burn. Underburnt Fire frequency has already been too low to conserve biodiversity. If possible, allow area to burn. Almost Underburnt The absence of fire this year will result in a fire frequency outside biodiversity thresholds. FIRE SUPPRESSION STRATEGIES Current Fire Danger Forecast Fire Danger Guidelines As far as possible, undertake indirect, parallel or direct attack along existing control lines taking advantage of Natural Fire Control Advantages (NFCA). As far as possible, maximise area burnt without threatening assets, including biodiversity Low - Mod Low - Mod Identify and survey backup control lines. Undertake indirect, parallel or direct attack to minimise the time taken to contain the fire. Low - Mod >= High Identify and survey backup control lines taking advantage of NFCA. Undertake indirect attack along existing or newly constructed control lines taking advantage of NFCA. Secure and deepen control lines along the next predicted downwind side of the fire. High All Identify and survey backup control lines taking advantage of NFCA. Ensure there is sufficient time to secure control lines before the fire gets to them. If there is insufficient time to secure control lines, fall back to the next potential control line. As far as possible, implement threatened species and cultural heritage management guidelines. All All Test NFCA before relying on them. ABORIGINAL SITE MANGEMENT STRATEGIES Label Treatment As far as possible protect site from fire. Do not cut down trees. AH1 Use of foams, wetting agents & retardant is acceptable. As far as possible protect site from fire. Avoid ground disturbance including handtools, dozers. AH2 Avoid water bombing which may cause ground disturbance. Avoid ground disturbance including handtools, dozers. Avoid water bombing which may cause ground disturbance. AH3 Site may be burnt by wildfire, backburn, prescribed burn. THREATENED FAUNA MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Label Treatments FA1 Protect large and hollow bearing trees. Protect large and hollow bearing trees. Avoid interfire intervals of < 10 yrs. FA2 Avoid high intensity fires that consume tree canopies and fallen logs. FA3 Avoid interfire intervals of < 10 yrs. Habitat unlikely to be effected by fire. Avoid use of earth moving machinery in wetland habitats. FA4 Avoid use of retardant and foam in wetland habitats. Habitat unlikely to be effected by fire. FA5 Avoid use of earth moving machinery in dune habitats. Avoid fire, including wildfire, backburning & HR, as far as possible in wetland habitat. Avoid use of earth moving machinery in wetland habitats. FA6 Avoid use of retardant and foam in wetland habitats. FA7 Avoid high intensity fires that consume tree canopies and fallen logs. Avoid fire, including wildfire, backburning & HR, as far as possible. FA8 Avoid use of earth moving machinery. THREATENED FLORA MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Label Treatments Avoid interfire intervals of < 10 yrs. Avoid the use of earthmoving machinery. FL1 Avoid the use of retardant. Avoid fire, including wildfire, backburn, HR, as far as possible. Avoid the use of earthmoving machinery. FL2 Avoid the use of retardant. Avoid high intensity fire. Avoid interfire intervals <10 years, effect unknown. FL3 Avoid the use of earth moving machinery. Avoid summer fire. Avoid high intensity fire. FL4 Avoid earth moving machinery. Avoid low intensity fire. Avoid interfire intervals <5 years. Avoid earth moving machinery. FL5 Avoid the use of retardant. AMG 1966 Zone 56 Scale 1:40 000 0 800 1600 Metres 400 5.0km to Tuncurry 5.0km to Tuncurry 5.0km to Tuncurry 1:250 000 Location Map State Forest Wallis Island Nature Reserve Darawank Nature Reserve Booti Booti National Park Coolongolook Nature Reserve MAP LEGEND Fuel Types Dry Sclerophyll Forest Heathland/Scrubland Darawank Nature Reserve Site Management (see strategy table) Threatened Fauna Threatened Flora Roads and Trails Primary (Cat 1) Threatened Property Swamp Sclerophyll Forest Wet Sclerophyll Forest Aboriginal Site Rainforest Cleared/Regenerating Veg Secondary (Cat 9) Closed Biodiversity Threatened (see table) Overburnt/Vulnerable MAP LEGEND Natural Fire Control Advantages Time Since Fire 2003 Fires 2002 Fires Rainforest Darawank Nature Reserve Other Fire Control Advantages Existing Refuge Area Existing Water Vehicle Point Roads and Trails Secondary (Cat 9) Primary (Cat 1) Threatened Property 1999-2001 Fires Existing Water Helicopter Point Radiation Zones Maintain Existing Radiation Zone Cleared/Regenerating Veg Cosed Gate - NPWS Gate - nonNPWS MAP LEGEND Fire Management Zones Heritage Management Zones Dry Sclerophyll Forest (7 - 30 years) Heathland/Scrubland (7-30 years) Strategic Fire Advantage Zone Darawank Nature Reserve Other Fire Control Advantages Existing Refuge Area Existing Water Vehicle Point Roads and Trails Secondary (Cat 9) Primary (Cat 1) Threatened Property Swamp Sclerophyll Forest (7-35 years) nil Existing Water Helicopter Point Radiation Zones Proposed Radiation Zone Maintain Existing Radiation Zone Bushfire Risk Management Strategies

Darawank Nature Reserve Fire Management Strategy · 2017-04-20 · dnoc tcu gni serp irc deb nrub gni ht ta erf e neuq uqer yc deri ot ima iatn eht n larevo uf l h le eb draza ˇhgih

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Page 1: Darawank Nature Reserve Fire Management Strategy · 2017-04-20 · dnoc tcu gni serp irc deb nrub gni ht ta erf e neuq uqer yc deri ot ima iatn eht n larevo uf l h le eb draza ˇhgih

Hunter RegionDarawank Nature Reserve

Fire Management Strategy2005

This strategy should be used in conjunction with aerial photography and field reconnaissance duringincidents and the development of incident action plans.

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This strategy is a relevant Plan under Section 38 (4) andSection 44 (3) of Rural Fires Act 1997.�D�e�p�a�r�t�m�e�n�t� �o�f

Environment and Conservation (NSW)

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CentralStrategic Fire Advantage Zone

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NorthernHeritage Management Zone

CentralHeritage Management Zone

SouthernHeritage Management Zone

RainforestHeritage Management ZoneNorthern

Strategic Fire Advantage ZoneEstimated 4 - 7 years

Maintaining overall fuelhazard < very high

South EastStrategic Fire Advantage Zone

Estimated 4 - 7 yearsMaintaining overall fuel

hazard < very high

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Bushfire Suppression Information 2005/06The information in this section will be updated annually based on fire history and completed fire management works.

Fire Control AdvantagesThis map illustrates fire control advantages that may be used

during bushfire suppression operations.This map illustrates the strategies NPWS plans to implement between 2004 - 2009 in the reserve.

CONTACT DETAILSAgency Position Number

NPWS

�H�u�n�t�e�r� �R�e�g�i�o�n� �D�u�t�y� �O�f�f�i�c�e�r� �(�2�4� �h�r�)�G�r�e�a�t� �L�a�k�e�s� �A�r�e�a� �M�a�n�a�g�e�r�F�i�r�e� �M�a�n�a�g�e�m�e�n�t� �O�f�f�i�c�e�r�O�p�e�r�a�t�i�o�n�s� �C�o�o�r�d�i�n�a�t�o�r�G�r�e�a�t� �L�a�k�e�s� �A�r�e�a� �O�f�f�i�c�e�H�u�n�t�e�r� �R�e�g�i�o�n�a�l� �O�f�f�i�c�e

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COMMUNICATION RESOURCESService Channel Location/Comments

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Assets & Fire FuelsThis map illustrates fire fuels and the location of assets

for use in bushfire suppression operations.

AMG 1966 Zone 56

Scale 1:40 000�0 �8�0�0 �1�6�0�0� �M�e�t�r�e�s�4�0�0

LEGEND DESCRIPTION

Fire ManagementZones

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�h�a�v�e� �e�x�i�s�t�i�n�g� �r�a�d�i�a�t�i�o�n� �z�o�n�e�s�.� �I�t� �i�s� �r�e�c�o�m�m�e�n�d�e�d� �t�h�a�t� �t�h�e� �R�u�r�a�l� �F�i�r�e� �S�e�r�v�i�c�e� �p�u�r�s�u�e� �t�h�e� �c�o�n�s�t�r�u�c�t�i�o�n� �a�n�d�m�a�i�n�t�e�n�a�n�c�e� �o�f� �r�a�d�i�a�t�i�o�n� �z�o�n�e�s� �a�r�o�u�n�d� �s�t�r�u�c�t�u�r�e�s� �o�n� �a�l�l� �p�r�i�v�a�t�e� �p�r�o�p�e�r�t�i�e�s� �s�u�r�r�o�u�n�d�i�n�g� �t�h�e� �r�e�s�e�r�v�e�.

Other Fire ControlAdvantages

�O�t�h�e�r� �f�i�r�e� �c�o�n�t�r�o�l� �a�d�v�a�n�t�a�g�e�s� �a�r�e� �f�e�a�t�u�r�e�s� �t�h�a�t� �m�a�y� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �t�o� �s�u�p�p�o�r�t� �b�u�s�h�f�i�r�e� �s�u�p�p�r�e�s�s�i�o�n� �o�p�e�r�a�t�i�o�n�s� �a�n�d�i�n�c�l�u�d�e� �w�a�t�e�r� �p�o�i�n�t�s� �(�b�o�t�h� �h�e�l�i�c�o�p�t�e�r� �a�n�d� �v�e�h�i�c�l�e� �a�c�c�e�s�s�i�b�l�e�)�,� �h�e�l�i�p�a�d�s�,� �l�a�n�d�i�n�g� �g�r�o�u�n�d�s�,� �s�t�a�g�i�n�g� �a�r�e�a�s� �a�n�d�r�e�f�u�g�e� �a�r�e�a�s�.� �O�t�h�e�r� �f�i�r�e� �c�o�n�t�r�o�l� �a�d�v�a�n�t�a�g�e�s� �t�h�a�t� �w�i�l�l� �b�e� �m�a�i�n�t�a�i�n�e�d� �o�r� �c�o�n�s�t�r�u�c�t�e�d� �i�n� �a�n�d� �a�r�o�u�n�d� �t�h�e� �r�e�s�e�r�v�e�s�a�r�e� �i�l�l�u�s�t�r�a�t�e�d� �i�n� �t�h�e� �a�d�j�a�c�e�n�t� �m�a�p�.

GENERAL OPERATIONAL GUIDELINESIssue/Area Operational Guidelines

Aerial Ignition�M�a�y� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �w�h�e�r�e� �c�o�n�s�i�d�e�r�e�d� �a�p�p�r�o�p�r�i�a�t�e�.�M�a�y� �b�e� �i�n�e�f�f�e�c�t�i�v�e� �i�n� �h�e�a�t�h�l�a�n�d�s� �d�u�e� �t�o� �a� �p�o�o�r�l�y� �d�e�v�e�l�o�p�e�d� �s�u�r�f�a�c�e� �f�u�e�l� �l�a�y�e�r�.�W�i�l�l� �b�e� �i�n�e�f�f�e�c�t�i�v�e� �a�n�d� �s�h�o�u�l�d� �n�o�t� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �w�h�e�n� �t�h�e�r�e� �i�s� �s�u�r�f�a�c�e� �w�a�t�e�r� �c�o�v�e�r�i�n�g� �t�h�e� �s�o�i�l�.

Backburning�A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e�,� �b�a�c�k�b�u�r�n�i�n�g� �s�h�o�u�l�d� �t�a�k�e� �a�c�c�o�u�n�t� �o�f� �t�h�r�e�a�t�e�n�e�d� �s�p�e�c�i�e�s� �a�n�d� �c�u�l�t�u�r�a�l� �h�e�r�i�t�a�g�e� �g�u�i�d�e�l�i�n�e�s�.�O�n� �d�a�y�s� �w�h�e�n� �t�h�e� �f�i�r�e� �d�a�n�g�e�r� �>� �H�i�g�h�,� �a�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e� �d�e�l�a�y� �b�a�c�k�b�u�r�n�i�n�g� �u�n�t�i�l� �e�a�r�l�y� �e�v�e�n�i�n�g�.�B�a�c�k�b�u�r�n�i�n�g� �m�a�y� �b�e� �s�a�f�e�l�y� �u�n�d�e�r�t�a�k�e�n� �d�u�r�i�n�g� �t�h�e� �d�a�y� �w�h�e�n� �t�h�e� �f�i�r�e� �d�a�n�g�e�r� �<� �H�i�g�h�.�T�a�k�e� �p�a�r�t�i�c�u�l�a�r� �c�a�r�e� �b�a�c�k�b�u�r�n�i�n�g� �w�h�e�n� �t�h�e�r�e� �a�r�e� �f�i�b�r�o�u�s�/�p�a�p�e�r� �b�a�r�k� �t�r�e�e�s� �c�l�o�s�e� �t�o� �c�o�n�t�r�o�l� �l�i�n�e�s�.

Command andControl �I�C�S� �s�y�s�t�e�m� �w�i�l�l� �b�e� �i�m�p�l�e�m�e�n�t�e�d� �d�u�r�i�n�g� �a�l�l� �f�i�r�e� �s�u�p�p�r�e�s�s�i�o�n� �a�c�t�i�v�i�t�i�e�s�.

Water Bombing�C�a�n� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �t�o� �s�l�o�w� �t�h�e� �s�p�r�e�a�d� �o�f� �a� �f�i�r�e� �b�u�t� �w�i�l�l� �n�o�t� �e�x�t�i�n�g�u�i�s�h� �a� �f�i�r�e� �w�i�t�h�o�u�t� �s�u�p�p�o�r�t� �f�r�o�m� �g�r�o�u�n�d� �c�r�e�w�s�.�G�r�o�u�n�d� �c�r�e�w�s� �m�u�s�t� �b�e� �w�a�r�n�e�d� �o�f� �w�a�t�e�r� �b�o�m�b�i�n�g� �o�p�e�r�a�t�i�o�n�s�.�A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e�,� �f�o�a�m� �s�h�o�u�l�d� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �t�o� �i�n�c�r�e�a�s�e� �t�h�e� �e�f�f�e�c�t�i�v�e�n�e�s�s� �o�f� �t�h�e� �w�a�t�e�r�.�F�o�a�m�/�w�a�t�e�r� �s�h�o�u�l�d� �n�o�t� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �f�o�r� �b�u�i�l�d�i�n�g� �c�o�n�t�r�o�l� �l�i�n�e�s� �b�e�c�a�u�s�e� �i�t� �i�s� �i�n�e�f�f�e�c�t�i�v�e�.

Trails �M�a�n�y� �t�r�a�i�l�s� �h�a�v�e� �a� �s�a�n�d�y� �s�u�r�f�a�c�e� �a�n�d� �m�a�y� �b�e�c�o�m�e� �i�m�p�a�s�s�a�b�l�e� �a�f�t�e�r� �h�e�a�v�y� �u�s�e�.�D�e�v�e�l�o�p� �a� �t�r�a�f�f�i�c� �p�l�a�n� �t�h�a�t� �m�i�n�i�m�i�s�e�s� �u�s�e� �o�f� �t�r�a�i�l�s�,� �e�s�p�e�c�i�a�l�l�y� �b�y� �h�e�a�v�y� �v�e�h�i�c�l�e�s�.

Restoration �A�l�l� �n�e�w� �f�i�r�e� �b�r�e�a�k�s� �w�i�l�l� �b�e� �r�e�s�t�o�r�e�d� �a�s� �p�a�r�t� �o�f� �t�h�e� �f�i�r�e� �s�u�p�p�r�e�s�s�i�o�n� �o�p�e�r�a�t�i�o�n�.

Earth MovingMachinery

�C�a�n� �o�n�l�y� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �w�i�t�h� �c�o�n�s�e�n�t� �o�f� �N�P�W�S� �a�n�d� �o�n�l�y� �i�f� �t�h�e� �p�r�o�b�a�b�i�l�i�t�y� �o�f� �s�u�c�c�e�s�s� �i�s� �c�o�n�s�i�d�e�r�e�d� �h�i�g�h�.�A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e�,� �r�e�s�t�r�i�c�t� �u�s�e� �t�o� �d�o�r�m�a�n�t� �t�r�a�i�l�s� �a�n�d� �o�t�h�e�r� �p�r�e�v�i�o�u�s�l�y� �d�i�s�t�u�r�b�e�d� �a�r�e�a�s�.�S�u�b�j�e�c�t� �t�o� �o�p�e�r�a�t�i�o�n�a�l� �c�o�n�s�t�r�a�i�n�t�s�,� �m�i�n�i�m�i�s�e� �t�h�e� �l�e�n�g�t�h� �o�f� �b�r�e�a�k� �c�o�n�s�t�r�u�c�t�e�d�.�A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e�,� �t�a�k�e� �a�c�c�o�u�n�t� �o�f� �t�h�r�e�a�t�e�n�e�d� �s�p�e�c�i�e�s� �a�n�d� �c�u�l�t�u�r�a�l� �h�e�r�i�t�a�g�e� �m�a�n�a�g�e�m�e�n�t� �g�u�i�d�e�l�i�n�e�s�.�T�h�e� �r�o�u�t�e� �t�o� �b�e� �t�a�k�e�n� �b�y� �e�a�r�t�h� �m�o�v�i�n�g� �m�a�c�h�i�n�e�r�y� �m�u�s�t� �b�e� �s�c�o�u�t�e�d� �t�o� �i�d�e�n�t�i�f�y� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e� �c�u�l�t�u�r�a�l� �h�e�r�i�t�a�g�e� �s�i�t�e�s�.

Foams & WettingAgents

�U�s�e� �p�e�r�m�i�t�t�e�d� �w�h�e�r�e� �c�o�n�s�i�d�e�r�e�d� �a�p�p�r�o�p�r�i�a�t�e�.�A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e�,� �m�i�n�i�m�i�s�e� �u�s�e� �i�n� �r�a�i�n�f�o�r�e�s�t� �c�o�m�m�u�n�i�t�i�e�s�.

Fire AdvantageRecording

�A�l�l� �f�i�r�e� �a�d�v�a�n�t�a�g�e�s� �u�s�e�d� �d�u�r�i�n�g� �w�i�l�d�f�i�r�e� �s�u�p�p�r�e�s�s�i�o�n� �o�p�e�r�a�t�i�o�n�s� �a�r�e� �t�o� �b�e� �m�a�p�p�e�d� �s�o� �t�h�e�y� �c�a�n� �b�e� �a�d�d�e�d� �t�o�t�h�e� �d�a�t�a�b�a�s�e�.

Retardant�R�e�t�a�r�d�a�n�t� �i�s� �i�n�e�f�f�e�c�t�i�v�e� �a�n�d� �s�h�o�u�l�d� �n�o�t� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �i�n� �c�o�m�m�u�n�i�t�i�e�s� �w�i�t�h� �a� �d�e�n�s�e� �c�a�n�o�p�y� �c�o�v�e�r�.�R�e�t�a�r�d�a�n�t� �i�s� �i�n�e�f�f�e�c�t�i�v�e� �a�n�d� �s�h�o�u�l�d� �n�o�t� �b�e� �u�s�e�d� �a�g�a�i�n�s�t� �h�i�g�h� �i�n�t�e�n�s�i�t�y� �f�i�r�e�s� �p�r�o�d�u�c�i�n�g� �l�a�r�g�e� �n�u�m�b�e�r�s� �o�f� �s�p�o�t

�f�i�r�e�s�.�R�e�t�a�r�d�a�n�t� �i�s� �m�o�s�t� �a�p�p�l�i�c�a�b�l�e� �t�o� �b�u�i�l�d�i�n�g� �s�h�o�r�t� �l�e�n�g�t�h�s� �o�f� �c�o�n�t�r�o�l� �l�i�n�e� �t�o� �l�i�n�k� �e�x�i�s�t�i�n�g� �c�o�n�t�r�o�l� �l�i�n�e�s�.�A�r�e�a�s� �w�h�e�r�e� �r�e�t�a�r�d�a�n�t� �h�a�s� �b�e�e�n� �u�s�e�d� �s�h�a�l�l� �b�e� �m�a�p�p�e�d�.

Forster Land Fill Site �A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e�,� �e�n�s�u�r�e� �f�i�r�e�s� �d�o� �n�o�t� �i�g�n�i�t�e� �t�h�e� �t�i�p� �f�a�c�e� �a�s� �i�t� �i�s� �e�x�t�r�e�m�e�l�y� �d�i�f�f�i�c�u�l�t� �t�o� �e�x�t�i�n�g�u�i�s�h�.�I�f� �t�h�e� �t�i�p� �f�a�c�e� �i�s� �i�g�n�i�t�e�d�,� �e�x�t�i�n�g�u�i�s�h� �u�s�i�n�g� �e�a�r�t�h� �m�o�v�i�n�g� �m�a�c�h�i�n�e�r�y� �a�n�d� �f�l�o�o�d�i�n�g� �w�i�t�h� �w�a�t�e�r�.

AMG 1966 Zone 56

Scale 1:40 000�0 �8�0�0 �1�6�0�0� �M�e�t�r�e�s�4�0�0

FUELS AND FIRE BEHAVIOUR CHARACTERISTICSFuel Type Fire Behaviour Characteristics

�F�l�a�m�m�a�b�l�e� �u�n�d�e�r� �a� �w�i�d�e� �r�a�n�g�e� �o�f� �c�o�n�d�i�t�i�o�n�s�. �H�i�g�h� �f�i�r�e� �i�n�t�e�n�s�i�t�y� �a�n�d� �f�l�a�m�e� �h�e�i�g�h�t�s� �u�n�d�e�r� �h�o�t�,� �d�r�y�,� �w�i�n�d�y� �c�o�n�d�i�t�i�o�n�s�. �H�e�a�v�y� �s�h�o�r�t� �d�i�s�t�a�n�c�e� �s�p�o�t�t�i�n�g� �(�<�5�0�0�m�)�,� �o�c�c�a�s�i�o�n�a�l� �l�o�n�g� �d�i�s�t�a�n�c�e� �s�p�o�t�t�i�n�g� �(�>�5�0�0�m�)�. �F�o�r�e�s�t�s� �a�n�d� �w�o�o�d�l�a�n�d�s� �w�i�t�h� �a� �h�e�a�t�h�y� �u�n�d�e�r�s�t�o�r�e�y� �t�y�p�i�c�a�l�l�y� �e�x�h�i�b�i�t� �h�i�g�h�e�r� �l�e�v�e�l�s� �o�f� �f�i�r�e� �b�e�h�a�v�i�o�u�r� �t�h�a�n� �t�h�o�s�e

�w�i�t�h� �a� �m�o�r�e� �o�p�e�n� �u�n�d�e�r�s�t�o�r�e�y�.

Dry SclerophyllForest

�U�s�e� �M�c�A�r�t�h�u�r� �M�a�r�k� �5� �F�o�r�e�s�t� �F�i�r�e� �B�e�h�a�v�i�o�u�r� �M�o�d�e�l� �t�o� �e�s�t�i�m�a�t�e� �R�O�S�.�H�i�g�h� �i�n�t�e�n�s�i�t�y�,� �h�i�g�h� �R�O�S� �f�i�r�e�s� �u�n�d�e�r� �m�o�s�t� �c�o�n�d�i�t�i�o�n�s�,� �e�v�e�n� �s�h�o�r�t�l�y� �a�f�t�e�r� �r�a�i�n�.�R�O�S� �a�n�d� �i�n�t�e�n�s�i�t�y� �h�i�g�h�l�y� �s�e�n�s�i�t�i�v�e� �t�o� �w�i�n�d� �s�p�e�e�d�.�A�t� �l�o�w� �w�i�n�d� �s�p�e�e�d�s� �(�<�1�0� �k�m�/�h�)� �f�i�r�e�s� �m�a�y� �n�o�t� �s�u�s�t�a�i�n�,� �p�a�r�t�i�c�u�l�a�r�l�y� �i�n� �f�u�e�l�s� �<�3� �y�r�s�.�H�e�a�v�y� �s�h�o�r�t� �d�i�s�t�a�n�c�e� �s�p�o�t�t�i�n�g� �(�<�5�0�0�m�)� �c�o�m�m�o�n�.

Heathland/Shrubland

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SwampSclerophyll

Forest

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Wet SclerophyllForest

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Cleared

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INTERPRETATION OF BIODIVERSITY THRESHOLD CATEGORIESCategory Interpretation

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FIRE SUPPRESSION STRATEGIESCurrent

FireDanger

ForecastFire Danger Guidelines

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ABORIGINAL SITE MANGEMENT STRATEGIESLabel Treatment

�A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e� �p�r�o�t�e�c�t� �s�i�t�e� �f�r�o�m� �f�i�r�e�. �D�o� �n�o�t� �c�u�t� �d�o�w�n� �t�r�e�e�s�.AH1 �U�s�e� �o�f� �f�o�a�m�s�,� �w�e�t�t�i�n�g� �a�g�e�n�t�s� �&� �r�e�t�a�r�d�a�n�t� �i�s� �a�c�c�e�p�t�a�b�l�e�. �A�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e� �p�r�o�t�e�c�t� �s�i�t�e� �f�r�o�m� �f�i�r�e�. �A�v�o�i�d� �g�r�o�u�n�d� �d�i�s�t�u�r�b�a�n�c�e� �i�n�c�l�u�d�i�n�g� �h�a�n�d�t�o�o�l�s�,� �d�o�z�e�r�s�.AH2 �A�v�o�i�d� �w�a�t�e�r� �b�o�m�b�i�n�g� �w�h�i�c�h� �m�a�y� �c�a�u�s�e� �g�r�o�u�n�d� �d�i�s�t�u�r�b�a�n�c�e�. �A�v�o�i�d� �g�r�o�u�n�d� �d�i�s�t�u�r�b�a�n�c�e� �i�n�c�l�u�d�i�n�g� �h�a�n�d�t�o�o�l�s�,� �d�o�z�e�r�s�. �A�v�o�i�d� �w�a�t�e�r� �b�o�m�b�i�n�g� �w�h�i�c�h� �m�a�y� �c�a�u�s�e� �g�r�o�u�n�d� �d�i�s�t�u�r�b�a�n�c�e�.AH3 �S�i�t�e� �m�a�y� �b�e� �b�u�r�n�t� �b�y� �w�i�l�d�f�i�r�e�,� �b�a�c�k�b�u�r�n�,� �p�r�e�s�c�r�i�b�e�d� �b�u�r�n�.

THREATENED FAUNA MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESLabel TreatmentsFA1 �P�r�o�t�e�c�t� �l�a�r�g�e� �a�n�d� �h�o�l�l�o�w� �b�e�a�r�i�n�g� �t�r�e�e�s�.

�P�r�o�t�e�c�t� �l�a�r�g�e� �a�n�d� �h�o�l�l�o�w� �b�e�a�r�i�n�g� �t�r�e�e�s�. �A�v�o�i�d� �i�n�t�e�r�f�i�r�e� �i�n�t�e�r�v�a�l�s� �o�f� �<� �1�0� �y�r�s�.FA2 �A�v�o�i�d� �h�i�g�h� �i�n�t�e�n�s�i�t�y� �f�i�r�e�s� �t�h�a�t� �c�o�n�s�u�m�e� �t�r�e�e� �c�a�n�o�p�i�e�s� �a�n�d� �f�a�l�l�e�n� �l�o�g�s�.

FA3 �A�v�o�i�d� �i�n�t�e�r�f�i�r�e� �i�n�t�e�r�v�a�l�s� �o�f� �<� �1�0� �y�r�s�. �H�a�b�i�t�a�t� �u�n�l�i�k�e�l�y� �t�o� �b�e� �e�f�f�e�c�t�e�d� �b�y� �f�i�r�e�. �A�v�o�i�d� �u�s�e� �o�f� �e�a�r�t�h� �m�o�v�i�n�g� �m�a�c�h�i�n�e�r�y� �i�n� �w�e�t�l�a�n�d� �h�a�b�i�t�a�t�s�.FA4 �A�v�o�i�d� �u�s�e� �o�f� �r�e�t�a�r�d�a�n�t� �a�n�d� �f�o�a�m� �i�n� �w�e�t�l�a�n�d� �h�a�b�i�t�a�t�s�. �H�a�b�i�t�a�t� �u�n�l�i�k�e�l�y� �t�o� �b�e� �e�f�f�e�c�t�e�d� �b�y� �f�i�r�e�.FA5 �A�v�o�i�d� �u�s�e� �o�f� �e�a�r�t�h� �m�o�v�i�n�g� �m�a�c�h�i�n�e�r�y� �i�n� �d�u�n�e� �h�a�b�i�t�a�t�s�. �A�v�o�i�d� �f�i�r�e�,� �i�n�c�l�u�d�i�n�g� �w�i�l�d�f�i�r�e�,� �b�a�c�k�b�u�r�n�i�n�g� �&� �H�R�,� �a�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e� �i�n� �w�e�t�l�a�n�d� �h�a�b�i�t�a�t�. �A�v�o�i�d� �u�s�e� �o�f� �e�a�r�t�h� �m�o�v�i�n�g� �m�a�c�h�i�n�e�r�y� �i�n� �w�e�t�l�a�n�d� �h�a�b�i�t�a�t�s�.FA6 �A�v�o�i�d� �u�s�e� �o�f� �r�e�t�a�r�d�a�n�t� �a�n�d� �f�o�a�m� �i�n� �w�e�t�l�a�n�d� �h�a�b�i�t�a�t�s�.

FA7 �A�v�o�i�d� �h�i�g�h� �i�n�t�e�n�s�i�t�y� �f�i�r�e�s� �t�h�a�t� �c�o�n�s�u�m�e� �t�r�e�e� �c�a�n�o�p�i�e�s� �a�n�d� �f�a�l�l�e�n� �l�o�g�s�. �A�v�o�i�d� �f�i�r�e�,� �i�n�c�l�u�d�i�n�g� �w�i�l�d�f�i�r�e�,� �b�a�c�k�b�u�r�n�i�n�g� �&� �H�R�,� �a�s� �f�a�r� �a�s� �p�o�s�s�i�b�l�e�.FA8 �A�v�o�i�d� �u�s�e� �o�f� �e�a�r�t�h� �m�o�v�i�n�g� �m�a�c�h�i�n�e�r�y�.

THREATENED FLORA MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESLabel Treatments

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Bushfire RiskManagement Strategies