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Presentation to
Danny McDougall – Richard Perkin
IOSH Food and Drink Group
1
Who Are We?
Established 1970
Turnover £30m
260 employees
2
Basic Refrigeration Cycle – 4 Main Components
Evaporator
Metering DeviceCondenser
Compressor
3
Basic Refrigeration Cycle – Vapour Compression
4
Basic Refrigeration – Direct Expansion (DX)
Direct Expansion(DX)
HC & HFC’s
Small / MediumChill Stores
Small to MediumCold Stores
Small / MediumChillers
5
Basic Refrigeration – Flooded / Gravity Feed
Gravity Feed(Flooded)
CO2 & NH3
Medium LargeWater Chillers
Spiral FreezersCascade PlantCondenser /
Evaporators
6
Basic Refrigeration – Low Pressure Receiver
Low PressureReceiver LPRNH3 & HFC’s
Small / LargePlate HXHT/LT Applications
Medium / LargeChill and ColdStorage
Medium / LargeSpiral / Tunnel
FreezingChilling
7
Basic Refrigeration – 2Stage Pump Circulation
2Stage PumpCirculationNH3 and CO2
Large Chill &Cold Storage
Large Spiral / BlastChilling &Freezing
Large ProcessingFactories –
All cooling
8
Basic Refrigeration – System Type Summary
9
Basic Refrigeration – Ammonia vs R22
R22
Natural
Ammonia(NH3)
Toxic
Pure
Flammable
ODP=0
Man Made
Pure
Non-Flammable
Non-Toxic
ODP=0
ODP=0.055
ODP=1700
10
Advances in Ammonia Refrigeration
11
Installations
Cold stores
Freezers
Breweries
Dairies
Ice production
PAST PRESENTand...
Food processing
Chemical andPharmaceuticalproduction
Distinct Ammonia smell
Building services
Oil drums
Water drums
No smell of Ammonia
No oil drums
No water drums
12
Reasons for Wider Use
More reliable components Improved
system designEFFICIENT
SAFEBetter safety systems
Legislation for Ammonia systems and plant rooms
Advancesin plant control
13
Components
Valves
Open Drive Pumps
Variable Speed Drives
Oil Separators and Coalescers Adiabatic Condensers
Electronic Expansion ValvesHand Regulated or Thermostatic Valves
Reciprocating
Semi-Hermetic Pumps
Screw
Shell and Tube HX Plate HX
14
System Design and Construction
Leaky Leak Tight
Flanged Pipes and Fittings
Welded Pipes and Fittings
Large System Charge Reduced (Critical) Charge
Water/Glycol Secondary System
Volatile Secondary System e.g CO2
Internal (Roof Void) Valve Stations
External (Rooftop) Valve Stations
15
Plant Management
Frequent Manual Oil Draining
High Efficiency Oil Separation and Automatic Recovery
Fixed Head Pressure Floating Head Pressure
Fixed Speed Pumps & Fans
Variable Speed Pumps & Fans
Mechanical/ManualPlant Control
Automatic PLC Plant Control
Manual Air Purging Automatic Air Purging
16
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