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Faculty for Sport Science Munich University of Technology
A meta-theoretical view on the discipline sport informatics
Daniel Link, Munich University of Technology
Germany
Asian Conference on Computer Science in Sports, September, 24th-26th, 2010,
Tokyo, Japan
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
Unfortunately, no one can be told what the Matrix is. You have to see it for yourself.
(Morpheus, 2208)
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Motivation
To be accepted as a scientific discipline, computer science in sports/ sport informatics has to reflect about itself – about its scientific approach and its position from an epistemological point of view!
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Outline
1. Interdisciplinarity in sport informatics
2. Structure model of sport informatics (The Matrix!)
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
1. Interdisciplinarity in sport informatics
Why do sport science and computer science work together?
How do sport science and computer science work togehter?
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Political Motivation
• Interdisciplinary is considered an important research paradigm in most countries:
The national funding agency for sport scientific research in Germany terms interdisciplinary a “key element” of their founding policy
Announcement on funding initiatives refer to an “inter- and multidisciplinary approach […], integrated construction of theories, highly specialized choice of research methods and […] integrative presentation of results“ (BISp, 2008)
Scientists should work in an interdisciplinary research field to get a funding!
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Scientific Motivation
• computer science serves as an partner in those areas in which sports scientists do not excel themselves
• information technology is an important source of innovations
• sport science expects that approaches and perspectives of computer science could be transferable to sport
• computer science supports other sciences by tradition
• complexity of sport, is well suited for testing and validation of methods of computer sciences
• The “exotic” application field can help to build a reputation (Basking in Reflected Glory Phenomenon, Cialdini et al., 1976)
computer science (with sport science)
cooperation interests for
sport science (with computer science)
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Model of Interdisciplinarity (OECD, 1972)
interdisciplinarity multidisciplinarity transdisciplinarity
common set of terms, methods and concepts
comprehensive axiomatic
high bandwidth: commu-nication of ideas up to the integration of methodo-logies
no apparent connections result are additive,
not integrative
Model does not fit very well for sport informatics
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Model of Interdisciplinarity in sport informatics
• type a: application level – Sport science applies existing approaches
and tools from computer science – Computer science only act as an
anonymous service provider, without contact with sport science
• type b: engineering level – Sport science integrates software-
engineering knowledge from computer science
– Collaboration only during development process - not on a scientific level
computer science
sport- science
appl
icat
ion
engi
neer
ing
type a type b
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Types of Interdisciplinarity in sport informatics
• type c: integration level (cs to ss) – methods, paradigms and knowledge of
computer science are used in sport science on a scientific level
– e.g. the use of artificial neuronal networks for analyzing movement patterns or application of image recognition algorithms in sport game analysis
• type d: integration level (ss to cs) – paradigms and knowledge of sport
science are used in computer science – e.g. the use of kinesiological models in
controlling the motion of humanoid robots
inte
grat
ion
utili
satio
n
inte
grat
ion
type d type c
computer science
sport- science
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
2. Structural model of sport informatics (The Matrix)
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Trivial Model
subjects of sport science
subjects of computer science
no common borderline! no intersection area!
no kommon knowledge! no common theoretical framework!
subjetcs of computer science
in sport/ sport informatics
what is the characteristic of sport informatics from the perspective of philosophy of science?
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
application fields for sport science
with potential for computer science
integration of sport scientific
knowledge into computer science
with potential for sport and sport science
application fields for computer science application of tools,
methods and paradigms from computer science on questions of sport science
sport informatics (set of research programs)
subjects of sport and sport science
subjects of computer science
Structural model of sport informatics
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
application fields for sport science
with potential for computer science
application fields for computer science
with potential for sport and sport science
sport informatics (set of research programs)
subjects of sport and sport science
subjects of computer science
Structural model of sport informatics
integration of sport scientific
knowledge into computer science
application of tools, methods and paradigms from
computer science on questions of sport science
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
with potential for sport and sport science
handling of data
modelling, analysis and simulation
presentation and
visualization
communi-cation
theories information theory
dynamic systems theory
principles of visualization, media theory
theory of computer mediated
communication
methods pattern
recognition, database
design
soft- computing,
UML
virtual-reality, multimedia
CSCW, seamless network
tools databases,
tools for controlling sensors
statistic tools, kinematic software
image processing and animation tools
e-mail, blogs,
newsgroups, groupware
main areas
levels
(cmp. Perl,1995; Lames, 1997)
subjects of computer science
Structural model of sport informatics
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
application fields for sport science
with potential for computer science
with potential for sport and sport science
application fields for computer science
subjects of sport and sport science
subjects of computer science
sport informatics (set of research programs)
Structural model of sport informatics
integration of sport scientific
knowledge into computer science
application of tools, methods and paradigms from
computer science on questions of sport science
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
application fields for computer science
theory building modeling of adaptation biomechanical models
notational analysis
intervention performance analysis
coaching feedback
sports engineering
organisation administration of sport organisations sport documentation and information
e-research social networking
subjects of sport and sport science
Structural model of sport informatics
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
application fields for sport science
with potential for sport and sport science
application fields for computer science application of tools,
methods and paradigms from computer science on questions of sport science
with potential for computer science
subjects of sport and sport science
subjects of computer science
sport informatics (set of research programs)
Structural model of sport informatics
integration of sport scientific
knowledge into computer science
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
motor control motor learning
perception and decision behavior cooperation models
with potential for computer science
subjects of sport and sport science
Structural model of sport informatics
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
with potential for sport and sport science
application fields for sport science
with potential for computer science
application fields for computer science application of tools,
methods and paradigms from computer science on questions of sport science
subjects of sport and sport science
subjects of computer science
sport informatics (set of research programs)
Structural model of sport informatics
integration of sport scientific
knowledge into computer science
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
robotics mobile interfaces computer games
Reconstructing human behaviours intention movements of virtual characters computer supported cooperation
application fields for sport science
subjects of computer science
Structural model of sport informatics
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Technische Universität München
with potential for sport and sport science
application fields for sport science
with potential for computer science
application fields for computer science
integration of sport scientific
knowledge into computer science
application of tools, methods and paradigms from
computer science on questions of sport science
subjects of sport and sport science
subjects of computer science
sport informatics (set of research programs)
Structural model of sport informatics
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Self definition
“Sport informatics” is a set of multi- and interdisciplinary research programs including components of sport science and computer science. The materiel field is the application of tools, methods and paradigms from computer science on questions of sport science as well as the integration of sport scientific knowledge in computer science.
“Computer science in sport” stands exclusively for the use of computer technology in sport and sport science.
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Unfortunately, no one can be told what the Matrix is. You have to see it for yourself.
(Morpheus, 2208)
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
The „Matrix“ (Areas of research and research activities)
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Conclusion & Discussion
• Many options for reasonable and fruitful cooporation between sport science and computer science
• Advantages for both disciplines, if more projects are designed and performed with the view on genuine interdisciplinary research
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
„Servus“ (こんにちわ & それじゃあ、また) from Munich
Munich University of Technology Faculty for Sport Science
2010-09-24 Daniel Link 2010-09-24 Daniel Link
Terminology
• Computer science – “science of the systematic processing of information, in
particular the automatic processing using digital computers” (Engesser, 2986)
– mathematical and engineering activities regarding computers • Informatics
– originates in the German word „Informatik“ – more general perspective which also includes question of
human sciences (“science that has as its domain information processes and related phenomena in artifacts, society and nature“, Nygaard, 1986)
• Sport informatics – originates from a congress in Graz (Austria), organized by the
International Organisation for Sports Information (IOSI) in 1975.
– Proceedings were published by Recla & Timmer (1976) under the German title “Kreative Sportinformatik” (engl. “Creative Sport Informatics”)