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Damper Basics Equations

Damper Design, Testing and Tuning

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Resonant Frequencies

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Resonant Frequencies

A suspension is two

spring/mass/dampersystems in series

Body, chassis spring

and damper

Suspension and tire

Sprung Mass

(Chassis)

Unsprung Mass

Suspension

Spring

Tire Spring Tire Damping

Damper

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Resonant Frequencies

Sprung Mass

Unsprung Mass

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How Much Damping?

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How Much Damping?

Critical Damping

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How Much Damping?

Critical Damping

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Damping Calculations

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Damping Force Calculations

Monotube

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Damping Force Calculations

Monotube with Basevalve

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Gas Pressure Calculation

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Gas Pressure Calculations

Gas Force

Ideal Gas Law

Gas Spring Rate