Dairy products and cardiometabolichealth: The role of … · P

Dairy Research Symposium 2018: Transferring Results for ActionFebruary 9, 2018

Château Laurier Hotel, Ottawa, Ontario

Dairy products and cardiometabolic health:The role of the dairy matrix

Jean-Philippe Drouin, Université Laval

Question for the audience!

YogurtProteinsVitaminsMinerals

Lactic bacteriaLow-fat (0-5% m.f.)

MilkProteinsVitaminsMinerals

Low-fat (0-3% m.f.)

CheeseProteinsVitaminsMinerals

Lactic bacteriaSodium

High fat (~30% m.f.)

Which dairy product is the most beneficial for cardiometabolic health?

CVD CAD Stroke HypertensionMetabolic syndrome

Type 2 diabetes

Milk UncertainVery low

NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

FavorableModerate

FavorableModerate

NeutralModerate

Yogurt NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

UncertainVery low

FavorableHigh

Cheese NeutralHigh

NeutralModerate

FavorableModerate

NeutralHigh

UncertainVery low

FavorableHigh

Introduction

Drouin-Chartier JP, Adv Nutr 2016

Dairy products

Cardiometabolichealth

Saturated fatSodium

Cardiometabolic health

What is the role of dairy matrix in cardiometabolic health?

Systematic review of epidemiological studies:

Methodology

3 clinical studies:• Principal investigators:

▫ Drs. Patrick Couture and Benoît Lamarche• Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University;• 2015-2018;• Comparison of the impact of different dairy matrices on

cardiometabolic risk factors.

Dairy matrix and cardiometabolic health1. LDL and HDL cholesterol

ButterFree saturated fat

CheeseSaturated fat in a complex

matrix

To compare the impact of dairy saturated fat from cheese and butter on:1. LDL cholesterol concentrations (bad cholesterol)2. HDL cholesterol concentrations (good cholesterol)3. HDL functionality (cholesterol-efflux capacity (CEC))

Brassard D, Am J Clin Nutr 2017


Randomized, crossover, controlled trial;Women (n=25) and men (n=21);5 different diets consumed in a random order during 5 experimental periods of 4 weeks;100% controlled diet.

Low-fat CHEESE BUTTER MUFA PUFATotal fat (%) 25.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0Saturated fat (%) 5.8 12.6 12.4 5.8 5.8



0.0

0.2

0.4

**

∆LD

L-C

vs. L

ow-fa

t (m

mol

/L)

0.00

0.05

0.10

∆HD

L-C

vs. L

ow-fa

t (m

mol

/L)

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

∆HD

L C

EC vs

. Low

-fat

***

*

P<0.05P<0.05

The cheese matrix attenuates the hypercholesterolemic effect of dairy saturated fat compared with butter.


1. Food digestion

2. Intestinal fat absorption

3. Postprandial lipemia

Food texture;

Macronutrient composition;

Macronutrient quality;

Macronutrient organisation;

Micronutrient composition;

Others…

Food matrix

Postprandial lipemia:• Increase of blood lipid (triglycerides) concentrations following ingestion of a

meal;

Drouin-Chartier JP, Am J Clin Nutr 2017

Dairy matrix and cardiometabolic health2. Postprandial lipemia


To evaluate the differential impact of cheese matrix on postprandial lipemia.

CheddarDairy fat in a firm

matrix

ButterFree dairy fat

Cream cheeseDairy fat in a soft matrix


Cheddar

Cream C. Cheddar

CheddarCream C.

Cream C.Healthy

volunteers,n=43

Day 1 Day 14 Day 28

Cream c.

Cream c.Cream c.Butter

CheddarCheddarButter

Butter

Cheddar

Randomized, crossover, controlled trial;Women (n=24) and men (n=19);Standardized breakfast containing 33 g of dairy fat provided from cheddar, cream cheese or butter;Lipid concentrations measured before and after the meal.





The cheese matrix modulates the impact

of dairy fat on postprandial lipemia.A firm cheese matrix

induces a slow postrandial lipid

response.

▲: butter; ●: cheddar; ■: cream cheese

Dairy matrix and cardiometabolic health3. Blood pressure

To evaluate the impact of consuming high-fat dairy products (GABA-rich cheese) and low-fat dairy products (milk) on blood pressure.

Milk (1% m.f.)Cheese (~30% m.f.) rich in GABA (fermentation product with potential hypotensive effect)

Bouchard-Rancourt M, in preparation

No dairy

Randomized, crossover, controlled trial;Women (n=20) and men (n=33);3 different diets consumed in a random order during 3 experimental periods of 6 weeks;100% controlled diet.

Dairy matrix and cardiometabolic health3. Blood pressure

Bouchard-Rancourt M, in preparation

No dairy Milk CheeseMilk (1% m.f.), g/day 0 750 0GABA-rich cheese (31% m.f.), g/day 0 0 50

Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3Wash-outWash-outRandomisation

Weeks

Visits at INAF

Blood pressure measurement

Conclusions

What is the role of dairy matrix in cardiometabolic health?Clinical evidence suggest that the dairy matrix modulates the health effects of nutrients it contains.

CVD CAD Stroke HypertensionMetabolic syndrome

Type 2 diabetes

Milk UncertainVery low

NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

FavorableModerate

FavorableModerate

NeutralModerate

Yogurt NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

NeutralModerate

UncertainVery low

FavorableHigh

Cheese NeutralHigh

NeutralModerate

FavorableModerate

NeutralHigh

UncertainVery low

FavorableHigh

Collaborators and studentsProjects Collaborators Students/post-docs

Systematic review 3 5Cheese vs butter 6 7

Cheese matrix 5 2Milk vs cheese 4 1

Total 18 15

Scientific publications1. Drouin-Chartier JP et al. Systematic Review of the Association between Dairy Product

Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular-Related Clinical Outcomes. Adv Nutr. 2016 15;7(6):1026-1040.

2. Drouin-Chartier JP et al., Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Dairy Foods and Dairy Fat on Cardiometabolic Risk. Adv Nutr. 2016 15;7(6):1041-1051.

3. Brassard D et al. Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolicrisk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105(4);800-809.

4. Drouin-Chartier JP et al. Differential impact of the cheese matrix on the postprandial lipid response: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106(6): 1358-1365.

5. Brassard D et al. Saturated fats from butter but not from cheese increase HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity from J774 macrophages in men and women with abdominal obesity. J Nutr 2018.

Acknowledgements

Documents

Dairy products and cardiometabolichealth: The role of … · P