Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3–3

Chapter 3

Chapter 3

Section 3

• Recognize the world's major religions and their founders

• Identify differences between various cultural groups

• Recognize how migration and cultural diffusion influenced the character of world societies (i.e., spread of religions

Lesson Objectives: I will be able to explain:

• The Jews continued their religion during their exile in Babylon.

• Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah.

• The Jews continued their religion during their exile in Babylon.

• Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah.

• Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.

• Under Roman rule, the Jews were divided and rebellious. In response, the Romans destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews.

Main Ideas:

Locating Places• Babylon (BA·buh·luhn)

Meeting People• Judas Maccabeus

(JOO·duhs MAK·uh·BEE·uhs)

• Herod (HEHR·uhd)

Building Your Vocabulary• exile (EHG·ZYL)

• Sabbath (SA·buhth)

• synagogue (SIH·nuh·GAHG)

• Diaspora (dy·AS·pruh)

• messiah (muh·SY·uh)

• rabbi (RA·BY)

The Growth of Judaism (pages 93–102)

I. Exile and Return (pages 94–95)

• Exile occurs when people are forced to leave their homeland. During the Israelites’ exile in Babylon, their religion became what we call Judaism.

• Jews met each week on the Sabbath, a day of worship and rest, in a synagogue, or house of worship.

• After the Persians defeated the Chaldeans and took control of Babylon, the Persian king, Cyrus, allowed the Jews to return to Judah.

• Persian officials still controlled the Jews in Judah, so Jews looked to their religious leaders to run society.

• The Hebrew Bible consists of the Torah, the Prophets, and 34 other books. Some of these books describe Jewish history.

• The book of Genesis tells how God punished people for their bad behavior. The story of Noah is in the book of Genesis. Genesis also explains why the world has different languages.

• The book of Daniel reminds Jews that God will rescue them.

• Jews, Christians, and Muslims share the idea that good will triumph over evil.

The Jews and the Greeks (pages 95–96)• Judah came under the control of Alexander

the Great in 331 B.C.

• He introduced the Greek language and ways to the Jews who stayed in Judah.

• The Diaspora refers to Jews who lived outside of Judah. The word diaspora means “scattered.”

• The Greek ruler Antiochus wanted the Jews to worship Greek gods and goddesses. A priest named Judas Maccabeus and his followers formed an army known as the Maccabees to fight the Greeks.

• The Maccabees drove the Greeks out of Judah. They removed evidence of the gods and goddesses from their temple. Each year Jews recall the cleansing of the temple when they celebrate Hanukkah.

• Jewish laws influenced Jews’ education, food, and clothes.

• Sons were valuable in Jewish society. Sons carried on the family name and became the head of the family after the death of their fathers.

• Sons learned how to earn a living and how to worship God from their fathers. They later learned how to read the Torah from religious leaders.

The Jewish Way of Life (pages 97–98)

The Jewish Way of Life (pages 97–98)

• Girls learned how to be good wives, mothers, and housekeepers. They also learned about Jewish laws and strong women of ancient Israel.

• Jewish laws stated that Jews could eat only certain animals, such as beef, lamb, and certain scaly fish. Today, food that is prepared according to Jewish law is called kosher.

Jewish Dress• Jewish laws also applied to

clothing. Men wore tunics, caps or turbans, and sandals. Women wore dresses and covered their heads with shawls. Wealthy women wore shoes, makeup, and jewelry.

The Jews and the Romans (pages 100–102)• In 63 B.C., the Romans conquered Judah

and renamed it Judaea.• King Herod, the most famous ruler of

Judaea, was known for the additions he made to the Jewish temple in Jerusalem.

• After Herod’s death, the Romans replaced Jewish kings with Roman officials.

• The Jews were divided over how to deal with the Romans.

• One group was the Pharisees, who stressed oral traditions and were supported by the common people.

• Another group was the Sadducees, who emphasized the written law and did not agree with many of the Pharisees’ teachings.

• A third group was the Essenes. They lived in the desert and waited for God to deliver the Jews from the Romans.

Dead Sea Scrolls• The Dead Sea Scrolls were found

near the Dead Sea in A.D. 1947. They describe Judaism during Roman times.

• The Jews hated Roman rule. Some Jews, known as the Zealots, wanted to fight the Romans. They revolted in A.D. 66 and drove the Romans out of Jerusalem.

• The Romans regained control four years later. They killed thousands of Jews and forced many others to leave. The Romans also destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. What remains today is the Western Wall.

• The Jews revolted again, but the Romans stopped the revolt. This time, they forbade Jews to visit Jerusalem and gave Judah the name of Palestine, referring to the Philistines.

• Rabbis, teachers of the Torah, became important leaders. Rabbis wanted to pass on the teachings of the Torah. They combined the teachings into books called commentaries. The Talmud is an important commentary dealing with many laws about daily life.

• For 2,000 years most Jews lived outside Palestine and faced persecution. In A.D. 1947 Palestine was divided, and a new Jewish nation called Israel was created in 1948.

Assignment:• Construct your religions booklet.

• Staple it in folder.

• Complete the Judaism tab of the booklet.