vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN........................................................................................ ii

PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................... xi

INTISARI .............................................................................................................. xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 3

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 3

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ........................................................................ 3

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ....................................................................... 3

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 3

1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis ..................................................................... 3

1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ...................................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 5

2.1. Propionibacterium acnes ................................................................. 5

2.1.1. Karakteristik ........................................................................... 5

2.1.2. Klasifikasi .............................................................................. 5

2.1.3. Morfologi ............................................................................... 6

2.1.4. Patogenesis ............................................................................. 7

2.1.5. Uji Efek Antibakteri ............................................................... 9

2.1.6. Sifat Aktivitas Antibakteri ................................................... 10

2.1.7. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Bakteri .............. 10

2.2. Tanaman Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) ....................................... 13

2.2.1. Deskripsi Tanaman .............................................................. 13

vii

2.2.3. Taksonomi ............................................................................ 13

2.2.4. MorfologiDaun Jambu Biji Merah Getas (Psidium guajava L.

“Merah Getas”) .................................................................... 14

2.2.5. Kandungan Fitokimia pada Daun Jambu Biji Merah Getas

(Psidium guajava L.” Merah Getas” ) .................................. 15

2.3. Mekanisme Kerja Antibiotik ......................................................... 15

2.4. Mekanisme kerja Daun Jambu Biji terhadap Propionibacterium

acne. ............................................................................................... 16

2.5. Mekanisme Kerja Klindamisin pada Propionibacterium acnes .... 18

2.6. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................. 19

2.7. Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................... 19

2.8. Hipotesis ........................................................................................ 19

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 20

3.1. Jenis penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian .................................... 20

3.2. Variable dan Definisi Operasional ................................................ 20

3.2.1. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................... 20

3.2.2. Definisi Operasional ............................................................ 20

3.3. Populasi dan sampel ...................................................................... 21

3.4. Instrument Penelitian ..................................................................... 22

3.5. Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................ 22

3.6. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................... 22

3.6.1. Sterilisasi Alat dan Bahan .................................................... 22

3.6.2. Ekstraksi Daun Jambu Biji Merah Getas ............................. 22

3.6.3. Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji terhadap Zona

Hambat Pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes ................. 23

3.7. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................... 25

3.8. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................... 26

3.8.1. Tempat Penelitian ................................................................ 26

3.8.2. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................. 26

3.9. Analisis Hasil ................................................................................. 26

viii

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 27

4.1 Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 27

4.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................... 30

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 32

5.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 32

5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 32

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 33

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 35

ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

BPOM : Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan

DNA : Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

IL : Interleukin

PMN : Polimorfonuklear

RNA : Reoxyribo Nucleic Acid

TLR : Toll like receptor

TNF-α : Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Gambaran mikroskopis Propionibacterium acnes ............................ 6

Gambar 2.2 Struktur sel Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes ................................... 7

Gambar 2.3 Morfologi Daun Jambu Biji ............................................................. 14

Gambar 2.4 Jembatan silang peptidoglikan .......................................................... 18

Gambar 4.1 Diameter Daerah Hambat pada kelompok perlakuan ....................... 28

Gambar 4.2 Diameter Daerah Hambat Propionibacterium acnes pada tiap

konsentrasi ekstrak daun jambu biji .................................................. 28

xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Surat Keterangan Penelitian dan Hasil Uji Antibakteri .................... 35

Lampiran 2 Ethical Clearance ............................................................................. 40

Lampiran 3 Standar Deviasi dan Mean Antar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun

Jambu Biji dan Kontrol Positif ......................................................... 41

Lampiran 4 Hasil Uji Normalitas Antar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Jambu

Bijidan Kontrol Positif ...................................................................... 42

Lampiran 5 Hasil Uji Homogenitas Antar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Jambu

Bijidan Kontrol Positif ...................................................................... 43

Lampiran 6 Hasil Uji Kruskal WallisAntar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Jambu

Biji, Kontrol Positif dan Kontrol Negatif ......................................... 44

Lampiran 7 Dokumentasi Penelitian .................................................................... 45