vii

DAFTAR ISI

JUDUL BAHASA INDONESIA ................................................................................... i

JUDUL BAHASA INGGRIS ....................................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ......................................................................................... iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ......................................................................................... iv

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. v

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................................... x

INTISARI ..................................................................................................................... xi

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................. 1

A. LATAR BELAKANG .................................................................................................1

B. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..............................................................................................5

C. RUMUSAN MASALAH ............................................................................................9

D. KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN........................................................................................9

E. METODE PENELITIAN .......................................................................................... 15

BAB II ENERGI DAN RIWAYAT KELISTRIKAN DI DESA MELAWI

MAKMUR .................................................................................................................. 18

A. POTRET DESA MELAWI MAKMUR .................................................................... 18

B. “API” NYA ORANG DAYAK: PEMANFAATAN ENERGI DI DESA MELAWI

MAKMUR ................................................................................................................ 22

C. SEBELUM PLTMH: RIWAYAT KELISTRIKAN DI MELAWI MAKMUR ......... 31

D. KESIMPULAN ......................................................................................................... 37

BAB III PROGRAM ELEKTRIFIKASI PEDESAAN DI DESA MELAWI

MAKMUR .................................................................................................................. 39

viii

A. PENGEMBANGAN KELISTRIKAN OFF-GRID SEBAGAI SOLUSI? ................. 40

B. PLTMH: LISTRIK MASYARAKAT DI DESA MELAWI MAKMUR ................... 45

B. 1. PLTMH DI DUSUN NEK SAWAK .................................................................. 48

B. 2. DISTRIBUSI ENERGI DI PEDESAAN: KASUS MELAWI MAKMUR ......... 58

C. LISTRIK PLTMH DI NEK SAWAK SEKARANG ................................................. 64

D. KESIMPULAN ......................................................................................................... 70

BAB IV ELEKTRIFIKASI PEDESAAN: SEBUAH TRANSFORMASI

MASYARAKAT DI PEDESAAN ............................................................................. 72

A. ELEKTRIFIKASI SEBAGAI PROSES SOSIAL ..................................................... 73

B. POTENSI ENERGI UNTUK MENUNJANG AKTIVITAS PRODUKSI ................ 77

C. PERUBAHAN AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DAN PERSEPSI SOSIAL WARGA

DI DESA ................................................................................................................... 82

D. PELUANG BARU ELEKTRIFIKASI PEDESAAN: MARGINALISASI ATAS

SUMBER DAYA KELISTRIKAN DAN ISU KESETARAAN ............................... 87

E. KESIMPULAN ......................................................................................................... 92

BAB V KESIMPULAN .............................................................................................. 94

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. 99

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ 104

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ..................................................... 110