bunebismetyveleba

4 klasi

maswavleblis wigni

manana vardiaSvili, marine WeliZe,

irma avaliani, giorgi gedeniZe

dafinansebulia `moswavleebis saxelmZRvaneloebiT uzrunvelyofis programis~

farglebSi

Sinaarsi

I Tavi. orientireba .................................................................... 71.1. dedamiwa ...........................................................................................................8

1.2. horizonti .......................................................................................................10

1.3. horizontis mxareebi ...................................................................................12

1.4. sivrceSi orientireba ..................................................................................14

1.5. adgilis gegma..................................................................................................17

1.6. ruka ...................................................................................................................19

1.7. vawyobT saqarTvelos rukas ......................................................................22

1.8. Savi zRva ...........................................................................................................23

1.9. dedamiwa da horizontis mxareebi ............................................................26

1.8. SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ..............................................................................30

II Tavi. wylis agregatuli mdgomareobebi ................... 312.1. ra da rogor iswavleT, SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ................................. 32

2.2. wylis gayinva. yinulis dnoba ....................................................................33

2.3-4. wylis aorTqleba.

wylis orTqlis kondensacia .............................................................................35

2.5. Seamowme Seni codna ................................................................................... 37

III Tavi. wylis wrebrunva ......................................................... 393.1. wyali, yinuli da . . . ......................................................................................40

3.2. weliwadis droebi da wylis aorTqleba ................................................42

3.3. saidan Cndeba wvima ..................................................................................... 44

3.4. saidan Cndeba Tovli da setyva ..................................................................46

3.5. wylis wrebrunva ............................................................................................48

3.6. Seamowme Seni codna ......................................................................................50

IV Tavi. moZraobis saxeebi. advilad dakvirvebadi Zalebi ...................................................53

4.1. moZraobis saxeebi ...................................................................................... 54

4.2. moZraobis siswrafe _ siCqare ..............................................................57

4.3-4. uZravi sxeulis amoZravebis mizezi. Zala. xaxunis Zala ......... 60

4.5-6. simZimisa da drekadobis Zalebi ........................................................63

4.7. Seamowme Seni codna ................................................................................... 65

V Tavi. organizmTa jgufebi ................................................ 675.1. sicocxlis warmoSoba dedamiwaze ......................................................... 68

5.2. cocxali samyaro ....................................................................................... 71

5.3. xavsebi da gvimrebi .................................................................................... 74

5.4. wiwvovani mcenareebi ....................................................................................77

5.5. yvavilovani mcenareebi ...............................................................................80

5.6. uxerxemlo cxovelebi ..................................................................................83

5.7. xerxemliani cxovelebi – Tevzebi da amfibiebi .................................. 87

5.8. xerxemliani cxovelebi – qvewarmavlebi da frinvelebi ................... 90

5.9. xerxemliani cxovelebi – ZuZuUmwovrebi .................................................93

5.10. sokoebis samefo ...........................................................................................95

5.11. mikrobebi .......................................................................................................98

5.12. praqtikuli samuSao ...................................................................................101

5.13. Seamowme Seni codna ....................................................................................104

VI Tavi. sasicocxlo ciklebi ............................................... 1056.1. mcenareTa ciklebi .......................................................................................106

6.2. ganviTareba kvercxidan ..............................................................................110

6.3. ufrosebis kvaldakval ................................................................................114

6.4.abreSumis gza ..................................................................................................117

6.5. ganviTarebis sxvadasxva stadiebze .......................................................119

6.6. adamianis gavlena sasicocxlo ciklebze ..............................................122

6.7. Seamowme Seni codna ......................................................................................125

pirobiTi niSNnebi

Temis Sejameba

ganmarteba

ganmarteba

cda da dakvirveba

davaleba

upasuxe SekiTxvas

dawere

daxate

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7

I Tavi

orientireba

am TavSi gaixsenebT da gaecnobiT

• horizontis ZiriTad mxareebs

• pirobiT niSNnebs da rukis legendas

• geografiul rukas.

8

1.1

Ees kosmosidan gadaRebuli dedamiwis fotoa. Llurji feriT wyali Cans, xolo muqi SeferilobiT xmeleTi.

• ra pirobebia aucilebeli sicocxlisaTvis?

dedamiwas mze aTbobs. myari zedapiri aqvs. gars haeris fena akravs. dedamiwa erTaderTia, sadac cocxali organizmebi saxlo-ben. yvelafers, rac arsebobisaTvis gvWirdeba, dedamiwa gvaZlevs. swored amis gamo saqarTveloSi mas “deda miwa” uwodes.

Zvelad adamianebs dedamiwa sxvadasxvagvarad warmoedginaT. dRes ukve aRaravis epareba eWvi, rogori formisaa dedamiwa. dazustebu-

lia dedamiwis calkeuli adgilebis mdebareoba da urTierTganlageba. mecnierebi mudmivad akvirdebian dedamiwasa da garesamyaros. ikvleven maTSi mimdinare procesebs, adgenen kanonzomierebebs. maT SeuZliaT winas-war ivaraudon amindi, mniSvnelovani bunebrivi movlenebi. kosmosidan Cans wylis da haeris gadaadgileba, xanZris gavrceleba, vulkanebis amofrqveva da sxva.

dedamiwa

• romeli Warbobs dedamiwaze: wyali Tu xmeleTi?

astronavtebi ikvleven dedamiwasa da gare samyaros.

9

dedamiwis Semswavlel mecnierebas Ggeografia hqvia. berZnulad geo - dedamiwas niSnavs, grafos – aRweras. kosmosur sivrces ki astronomia Seiswavlis. astron – mnaTobs aRniSnavs, nomos – kanons.

Gginda icode, sad aris msoflios yvelaze maRali mwvervali? Eromel qvey-anas uwodeben amomavali mzis qveyanas? sad cxovroben pingvinebi? ratom icvleba weliwadis droebi? rogor qris qarebi? ra moxdeba, Tu dedamiwis yvela yinuli dadneba?

am da kidev uamrav kiTxvaze pasuxs ipovi bunebismetyvelebis Seswavlis dros.

Ees msoflioSi yvelaze maRali mTa everestia. misi simaRle 8848 metria.

haeris daTboba dedamiwis didi yinulebis dnobas iwvevs. Mmcirdeba TeTri daTvebis saarsebo garemo.

dedamiwa sferos formisaa da masze, xmeleTTan SedarebiT, meti wyalia. dedamiwaze mimdinare movlenebs akvirdebian da Seis-wavlian mecnierebi.

dedamiwa erTaderTia, sadac cocxali organizmebi cxovro-ben. wya li, siTbo, haeri, dedamiwis resursebi sicocxlisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebia.

1. moiZie informacia dedamiwis Sesaxeb internetidan, enciklo-pediidan da daadgine:

1. ramdeni wlisaa dedamiwa?

2. meramdenea mzidan daSorebis mixedviT?

3. ramdeni adamiani saxlobs dedamiwaze?

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