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4. "³�°ÁeÁ ~¡‹¬O f‹² "Í_�h\÷…Õ "Í‹² ã`ŒyOKÇ°KÇ°O_�# L|Ä‹¬=ò ÇQ®°¾#°.5. ‹Ô Œ„¦¬�=ò K³@°“ ƒÿ~¡_È°`Ë H›‘�†Ç°=ò KÍ‹² À‹qOz# L|Ä‹¬O, ÎQ®°¾ Çy¾‡é=ô#°.6. q°i†Ç¶� KÇ¶~¡â=ò#° Í<³ Ë À‹qOz# L|Ä‹¬=ò `ù�y‡é=ô#°.7. <ŒQ®*ÿ=ò_È° „¬O_ÈÁ ~¡‹¬=ò 3 „¬î@…ì À‹qOz# L|Ä‹¬O ÇQ®°¾#°.8. U�Hêø†Ç° „¬î@ä›½ XH›\÷ u#ßKË L|Ä‹¬O `ÇQ®°¾#°.9. "Œ=òyO[�° "Í_�KÍ‹² Q®°_ÈÛ…Õ H›\÷“ K�ŒuÌ„á# Hê„¬_ÈO Ì„\÷“# L|Ä‹¬O ÇQ®°¾#°.10. ~ŒqK³@°“ „¬O_È° ZO_�Oz KÇ¶~¡â=ò KÍ‹² ã„¬u„¬î@ ‡�=ôK³OKŒ ‡Ú_� f‹¬°ä›½#ß

L|Ä‹¬O ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.11. Hê¼ƒèl ~¡‹¬O / =ò�ÁOy ~¡‹¬O XH› B#°� ã„¬u „¬î@ f‹¬°ä›½#ß L|Ä‹¬O

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15. ZO_È° l…èÁ_È° Pä›½� ‡ÚQ®#° Ç~¡KÇ° „ÔeÀ‹ë L|Ä‹¬O ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.16. ã„¬u~ËE „¬zó HêH›~¡Hê†Ç°#° uO@¶ =ô#ß "Œ~¡O ~ËA�…Õ Q®°}O H›#|_È° Ç°Ok.

ÇöQ¾=~¡ä›½ ~ËE "Œ_ë.17. L"³°à Çë Pä›½� ‡ÚQ®#° „ÔeÀ‹ë L|Ä‹¬O ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok. L"³°à Çë yO[� ‡ÚQ® ä›�_¨

giH÷ ƒìQê „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëOk.

158

21. ‚¬ì#°ãQ®‚¬ì "Œ Ç=ò ( Î=_È� = Îí "Œ ÇO)Ð ‚¬ì#°ãQ®‚¬ì "Œ Ç=ò JO>è Î=_È� = Îí =ôO_Í "Œ Ç=ò. D ‹¬=°‹¬¼#° HùOK³O

J�Á=ò, HùOK³O „²„¬æˆ×Ã¤ H›e„² #q°e Lq°à"Í‹¬¶ë =ôO>è ‚¬ì#°ãQ®‚¬ì "Œ`ÇOÇy¾‡é Ç°Ok.

22. =°<Œ¼‹¬ëOƒ�’ "Œ ÇO ("³°_È aQ®°‹¬°ä›½ ‡é=_ÈO)Ð "³°_ÈKÇ°@¶“ QË~¡°"³KÇóx P=ô<Íu`Ë Qêx, #°=ôÞ� #¶<³ Ë Qêx ‹¬°xß ÇOQê =°~¡í#

KÍ‹² ¥xÌ„á# P=ò Î„¬ô Pä›½�° …è ¥ l…èÁ_È° Pä›½�° Qêx HùOK³O P=ò ÎO ~Œ‹²"Í_�KÍ‹² H›@°“H›\÷“ Í "³°_È aQ®°‹¬°ä›½‡é=_ÈO Çy¾‡é Ç°Ok.

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18. „²„¬æ ×¤ KÇ¶~¡âO ~ËAä›½ 2 ª�~¡°Á ä›½Oä›½_È° yO[O Ç Í<³ Ë H›e„² À‹q‹¬¶ë =ôO>è ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.19. L`Çëö~}÷ K³@°“#° ZO_�Oz, Hêeó ‹¬=ü� |¶_�^Î#° À‹H›iOz ~ËAä›½ 3 ª�~¡°Á

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Ð Pª�ëà ~ËQ®°�° ã„¬u~ËE L^Î†Ç°O xã^Î…è=Qê<Í 2Ð3 q°i†Ç¶�° #q°e "Í_�hˆ×Ã¤ã`Œy Í Hùkí~ËA�ä›½ „¬îiëQê Çy¾‡é Ç°Ok

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Ð Pª�ëà, ÎQ®°¾ =°i†Çò ãƒìOïHá\©‹¹ Ð WOQ®°= 60Ð125 q°.ãQê., Í<³ 2 K³OKŒ�°,³�Á LeÁ‡�†Ç°� ~¡‹¬O 1/2 K³OKŒ, Ç=°�‡�ä›½� ~¡‹¬O 1 K³OKŒ H›e„² ~ËAä›½ 3

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157

16. H©ˆ×Á<ù„¬C�½Ð "Í„¬#¶<³…Õ l…èÁ_È° "Í~¡° KÇ¶~¡âO H›e„² #¶i P q°ã‰×=°O`Ë =°~¡í# KÍ‹¬¶ë =ôO>è

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156

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144

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19. =òki# "Í„¬K³@°“ #°O_� Pä›½�#° À‹H›iOKŒe. J…ìöQ H›$+¬â`Ç°�‹² Pä›½�°,=¶ö~_È° Pä›½�°, `Ç°q°à ä›�~¡ Pä›½�°, #�Áq°i†Ç¶�°, W=xß ‹¬=°ƒ�ìQê�°QêÀ‹H›iOKÇ°Hùx h_È…Õ Qêe Çy…èKË@ P~¡ƒÿ\÷“ ÎOz ‡Ú_� KÍ‹² x�Þ LOKÇ°HË"Œe.D ‡Ú_�x ï~O_È° „¬î@…ì P‚¬ð~ŒxH÷ J~¡Q®O@ =òO Î° J~¡K³OKŒ "³¶`Œ Î°QêXH› K³OKŒ Í<³ H›e„² À‹q‹¬¶ë =ôO>è ÎQ®°¾, Î=òà, P†Ç¶‹¬O, L|Ä‹¬O "³ò^Î…ÿá#T„²iu Ç°ë�ä›½ ‹¬O|Ok�Oz# H›„¦¬ ‹¬=°‹¬¼�° x"ŒiOKÇ|_È°`Œ~ò. Jk�H› H›„¦¬O‚¬ìiOz‡é~ò T„²iu`Ç°ë�…Õ ã‡�}‰×H÷ë KÍ~¡°`Ç°Ok. D ‡Ú_� =°^�Î°"Í°‚¬ì"Œ¼k�ãQ®‹¬°ë�ä›½ ä›�_È ƒìQê „¬xKÍ‹¬°ëOk.

20. ~ËE ï~O_È° „¬î@…ì P‚¬ð~ŒxH÷ J~¡Q®O@ =òO Î° Hêz KÇ…ìÁió# J~¡QêÁ‹¬°h\÷…Õ J~¡K³OKŒ ‡Ú_� H›e„² À‹q‹¬¶ë =ôO>è =üã Ç=ò…Õ KÇïHø~¡ …è ¥ ~¡H›ë=ò…ÕKÇïHø~¡ Ju ÇÞ~¡Qê J Î°„¬ô…ÕH÷ =ª�ë~ò.

21. ~ËE HùOK³O L�= Q®°y¾ˆ×Ã¤ (h\÷…Õ L_ÈH›ƒÿ\÷“#q) uO@¶ =ôO>è ‰×s~ŒxH÷=°Oz H›O_È~Œ�° Ì„~¡°Q®°`Œ~ò. ‰×s~ŒxH÷ |�O =‹¬°ëOk.

22. <Œ#ƒÿ\÷“# ‰×#Q®�° ÇQ®° =¶ã ÇO uO@¶#ß |�O, „¬ô+²“ =‹¬°ëOk.23. ~ËE K³OKŒ_È° ~¡ Çß„¬ô~¡°+¬ Pä›½�° #q°e ãq°OQ®° Ç¶ =ôO>è ‰×s~¡O ~¡ ÇßO…ìQê

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5) q°i†Ç¶� ‡Ú_� 1/4 K³OKŒ H›„¬C h\÷…Õ H›e„² ã„¬u 1/2 Q®O@ä›½ XH›ª�iã`Œy Í H›�~Œ ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.

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W=Þ=…ÿ#°.5. *ì=° K³@°“ "Í ×¤ ƒÿ~¡_È° H›‘�†Ç°=ò Hêz J~¡H›„¬ôæ ã`Œy# "ŒO Ç°�°, qö~KÇ#=ò�°

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133

8. „¬zó LeÁQ®_ÈÛ =òH›ø�#° ~ËE 2 „¬î@…ì P‚¬ð~¡O ƒ�’°lOKÍ@„¬C_È° ã„¬H›ø#Ì„@°“Hùx ä›�~¡ J#ßO`Ë Qêx, =°lûQ® J#ßO`Ë Qêx uO@¶ =ôO>è L^Î~¡O…ÕxJk�H› Ì„á Ç¼O J}÷y‡é~ò ãÀ„Q®°……Õ „¦¬°~¡Â} Çy¾‡é~ò ~¡H›ëO KÇ�Á|_� ãH›=°=òQêJk�H› ~¡H›ë‡é@° =°i†Çò J�æ ~¡H›ë‡é@° J Î°„¬ô…ÕH÷ =ª�ë~ò.

9. LeÁQ®_ÈÛ#° ÎOz f‹²# ~¡‹¬O XH› K³OKŒ, =°Oz Í<³ XH› K³OKŒ ï~O_È° H›e„² ï~O_È°„¬î@…ì P‚¬ð~ŒxH÷ Q®O@ =òO Î° À‹q‹¬¶ë =ôO>è Jk�H› ~¡H›ë‡é@°, J�æ ~¡H›ë‡é@°„¬îiëQê J Î°„¬ô…ÕH÷ =ª�ë~ò.

10. "³�°ÁeÁ Q®_ÈÛ#° f‹¬°Hùx (5 …èH› 6) =òH›ø�° =òH›ø�°Qê HË‹² y<³ß…Õ "Í‹² XH›H›„¬C ‡��°, XH› H›„¬C h~¡° ‡é‹² ‡��° q°y…è =~¡ä›½ =°~¡yOz =_È‡é‹² JO Î°…ÕH›O_È KÇïHø~¡ ‡Ú_� H›e„² xãkOKÍ =òO Î° À‹qOKŒe. =° �Î°"Í°‚¬ì ~ËQ®°�ä›½ H›O_ÈKÇïHø~¡ | Î°�° `Œ\÷ ƒÿ�ÁO L„¬†³¶yOKÇ=KÇ°ó. D q �ÎOQê ãH›=°O Ç„¬æä›½O_¨40 ~ËA�° À‹qÀ‹ë P‰×ó~¡¼H›~¡OQê Jk�H› ~¡H›ë‡é@°, Hù…ÿ¢ª�“�° J Î°„¬ô…ÕH÷ =ª�ë~ò.=°i†Çò Q®°O_³<ù„²æ, Q®°O_³ ^Î_È, P†Ç¶‹¬O, P‹¬ë=¶, QùO`Ç° ~ËQê�°, #~Œ�|�‚Ôì#`Ç, "Œ`Ç<ù„¬C�°, =ü~¡ó�, J„¬ª�à~¡H›=ò, T|Hê†Ç°=ò "³ò^Î…ÿá# J<ÍH›‹¬=°‹¬¼�° J Î°„¬ô…ÕH÷ =ª�ë~ò.

11. ãHù`Çë zO`Ç„¬O_È°, ãHù`Çë ƒÿ�ÁO, ãHù`Çë a†Ç°¼O =°Ozq Hê=ô. ‹¬O=`Ç�~¡O ¥\÷#‡� Ç zO Ç„¬O_È°, ‡� Ç a†Ç°¼O, ‡� Ç ƒÿ�ÁO =¶ã Ç"Í° "Œ_ë.

12. „¬zóq°ió H›<Œß ZO_È°q°ió L„¬”†³¶yOKÇ_ÈO =°Ozk. ZO_È°q°ió H›<Œßq°i†Ç¶�° ä›�_È ~¡°z Hù~¡ä›½ L„¬”†³¶yOKÇ_ÈO =°Ozk. q°i†Ç¶� KŒ~¡° ,q°i†Ç¶� Hê~¡O ‡Ú_�, q°i†Ç¶�`Ë `Ç†Ç¶~¡° KÍ‹²# H÷z_™ =°Ozk.

13. L„¬C (H›�°Á„¬C) W`Ç~¡ JOQ®ˆ×Á…Õ ^ùiïöH L„¬C H›#ß Ì‹áO^�Î= �=}O `³KÇ°óHùxL„¬Cä›½ |^Î°�°Qê "Œ_È°HË=_ÈO =°Ozk.

14. „¬ô�°„¬ôHË‹¬O Hù`ÇëzO`Ç„¬O_È° |^Î°�° XH› ‹¬O=`Ç�~¡O x�Þ =ôOz# ‡�`ÇzO Ç„¬O_È° Qêx …è ¥ x=°à„¬O_È° ~¡‹¬OQêx …è ¥ L‹²iH› =òH›ø�° Qêx …è ¥Í‰×"Œm <Œ@° @"³¶\ì�° Qêx L„¬†³¶yOKÇ_ÈO =°Ozk.

15. ~ËE u<Í P‚¬ð~¡O…Õ Ì„~¡°Q®°#° „¬îiëQê xÀ+k�OKŒe. ^¥xH÷ | Î°�° „¬�°KÇxu†Ç°¼x =°lûQ® "Œ_ÈH›O =�# ãÀ„Q®°�…Õ q+¬„¬ ¥~¡œ=ò�° …èä›½O_¨ L Î~¡O…Õ„² Çë~¡‹¬O ã„¬HË„²OKÇä›½O_¨ ~¡H›ëO Lã ÍH›„¬~¡KÇä›½O_¨ Hê‡�_È° Ç°Ok.

16. =°lûQ® À‹=#O =�# =¶#=ôx ‹¬=°‹¬ë ~ËQê� #°O_� q=òä›½ë}÷â KÍ‹¬°ëOk.


7. `³�Ál…èÁ_È° ƒÿ~¡_È°#° f‹² ZO_�Oz x=°à„¬O_È° ~¡‹¬O`Ë #¶i =¶ã`Ç�° `Ç†Ç¶~¡°KÍ‹¬°Hù#=…ÿ#°. ã„¬u Q®O@ä›½ XH› =¶ã Ç =°lûQ® Ë ~ò=Þ=…ÿ#°.

3.3.8 KÇ~¡à"Œ¼ �Î°�°1. `Œ=°~¡, Q®lû, z_È°=ò1. J‰×ÞQ®Ok� Pä›½�#° "³° ÇëQê #¶i Œ=°~¡, Q®lû, z_È°=ò "³ò Î…ÿá# KÇ~¡à"Œ¼ �Î°�ä›½

„¬\÷“Oz#KË "Œ~¡O ~ËA�…Õ ‹¬=°‹¬ë KÇ~¡à"Œ¼ �Î°�° #tOKÇ°#°.2. P=#¶<³…Õ "³�°ÁeÁ ‡�†Ç°�#° "Í‹² Hêz =_ÈQ®\÷“, P=#¶<³`Ë ~Œ‹²# Q®lû

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"Œ¼k� ‡é=ô#°.12. ‡ÚOyOz# "³eQê~¡=ò, "³°@“ Œ=°~¡ Pä›½ „¬‹¬~¡° H›e„² ~Œ‹²# `Œ=°~¡ "Œ¼k�

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"³¶`Œ^Î°Qê ï~O_È° „¬î@…ì =°Ozh\÷`Ë À‹q‹¬¶ë =ôO>è ãH›=°OQê Jxß ~¡Hê�KÇ~¡à"Œ¼ �Î°�° ‚¬ìiOz‡é`Œ~ò. J~ò Í D "Œ¼k� ÇöQ¾ =~¡ïHá<Œ ‡��° H›e„²#J#ßO =¶ã Ç"Í° ƒ�’°lOKŒe. "Œ¼k� ÇÞ~¡Qê ÇQê¾�O>è Hê~¡O, L„¬ôæ, „¬ô�°„¬ô,J‹¬�° ÇQ®�~Œ Î°.

14. "Í„¬zQ®°~¡°Á, „¬‹¬°„¬ô ‹¬=°OQê H›e„² HùOK³O h ×Ã¤ ‡é‹² "³° ÇëQê #¶i P q°ã‰×=¶xßÎ°~¡ ÎÌ„á# …è„¬#=ò KÍ‹²# ãH›=°OQê Î°~¡ Î�° Çy¾‡é`Œ~ò.

15. l…èÁ_È° Pä›½� ~¡‹¬O 50 ãQê=ò�°, „¬‹¬°„¬ô Hù=òà�° ÎOz# =ò Îí 100 ãQê=ò�°,

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4.5 P‚¬ð~¡ „¬ ¥~ŒÖ�° Ð P~ËQ®¼ q�°=�°1. h~¡°eÁ‡�†Ç° =òH›ø�° 20 ãQê=ò�°, <³~ò¼ 20 ãQê=ò�°, „¬\÷H›ƒÿ�ÁO‡Ú_� 20

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2. L Î†Ç°O„¬î@ 3 …èH› 4 ƒì ÎO „¬„¬C�° ux J~¡QêÁ‹¬° P=ô‡��°, 50 ãQê=ò�°Hê¼ö~\˜ ~¡‹¬O H›e„² ã„¬u~ËE ã`ŒQ®° Ç¶ =ôO>è „²�Á�ä›½, Ì„ Îí�ä›½ JO Ç°…è#O Ç"Í° �¥‰×H÷ë Ì„~¡°Q®° Ç°Ok.

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127

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126

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a) Î$+²“…Õ„¬O (KÇ¶„¬ô#O Î° ‹¬æ+¬“ Ç …èH›‡é=_ÈO, =°‹¬H› =°‹¬H›Qê, =°|°ÄQê H›x„²KÇO_ÈO)1. =ò#Qêä›½ ~¡‹¬O `Í<³`Ë H›e„² À‹qOz# L„¬†ÇòH›ëOQê LO_È°#°.2. Jq‰§ä›½ ~¡‹¬O Í<³ Ë H›e„² 10 q°.b. ~ËAä›½ 2 ª�~¡°Á À‹qOKŒe.3. Hùuëg°~¡ ~¡‹¬O 20 q°.b. Í<³ Ë H›e„² 3 ª�~¡°Á À‹qOKŒe.4. ãu„¦¬�KÇ¶~¡âO, Ju=° �Î°~¡O ‹¬=°ƒ�ìQê�° f‹¬°Hùx Í<³ Ë H›e„² ~ËAä›½ 2 ª�~¡°Á

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2. H›�|O Î Q®°Aû 100 ãQê=ò�°, #°=ôÞ� #¶<³ 200 ãQê=ò�° D ï~O_È° H›e„²z#ß=°O@ Ì„á# =°~¡Q®ƒÿ\÷“ H›�|O^Î Q®°Aû #¶<³…Õ =°iöQ=~¡ä›½ =ô_�H÷Oz, kOz,=_È‡é‹² KÇ…ìÁi# Ç~¡°"Œ Ç XH› _ÈƒìÄ…Õ Ì„@°“Hùx ~ËE Ç�ä›½ ~Œ‹¬°ä›½O>è"³Oã@°H›�° ƒìQê Ì„~¡°Q®°`Œ~ò.

3.3.13 K³q Ð =òä›½ø Ð QùO Ç° "Œ¼ �Î°�°1. K³q "Œ¼ �Î°�°

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„¬î@…ì Hùxß KÇ°H›ø�° "ÍÀ‹ë K³=ô_È° ã‡�~¡Oƒ�’ Î‰×…Õ =ôO>è "³O@<Í Çy¾‡é Ç°Ok.=òki‡é~ò# K³=ò_È° HùO Ç=~¡ä›½ ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.

2. „¬O_È° l…èÁ_È° Pä›½�#° "Í_�KÍ‹² ~¡‹¬O f‹² Hùxß KÇ°H›ø�#° p=ò Hê~¡°`Ç°#ßK³q…Õ "Í‹² Î¶k Ì„\ì“e. nx=�# K³q‡é@°, K³q…Õ p=ò Hê~¡_ÈO ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.

3. K³q‡é@°ä›½ Ç°�‹² Pä›½ ~¡‹¬O Hùxß KÇ°H›ø�° "ÍÀ‹ë Çy¾‡é Ç°Ok.4. QùaÄ Pä›½ ~¡‹¬O f‹² ‡é@°Qê =ô#ß K³q…Õ "Í‹² Î¶kÌ„_� Í K³q‡é@° ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.

109

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5. #°=ôÞ� #¶<³…Õ "³�°ÁeÁ ö~ä›½eß "Í‹² HêQ®ƒÿ\÷“ ^¥xx KÇ…ìÁió ‡é@°Qê =ô#ßK³q…Õ ï~O_È° KÇ°H›ø�° "Í‹² Î¶kÌ„_� Í <ù„²æ Çy¾‡é Ç°Ok.

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7. =ò�ÁOy Î°O„¬� ~¡‹¬O, l…èÁ_È° Pä›½� ~¡‹¬O, P=#¶<³ g\÷x ‹¬=°ƒ�ìQê�°QêH›e„² ƒìQê ‹¬#ßx =°O@Ì„á =°~¡yOz #¶<³ q°y…è ¥Hê Hêz =_ÈH›\÷“ KÇ…ìÁió P#¶<³#° ‹Ôª�…Õ ƒ�’ã Î„¬~¡KÇ°HË"Œe. nxx 2Ð3 KÇ°H›ø�° "Í‹¬°ëO>è K³q‡é@°ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.

8. ‡ÚQêä›½#° h\÷…Õ <Œ#ƒÿ\÷“ ~¡‹¬Of‹² 2Ð3 KÇ°H›ø�° K³q…Õ "ÍÀ‹ë K³q"Œ¼ �Î°�°‡é`Œ~ò.

9. „¬‹¬°„¬ô 1 K³OKŒ, „¬\÷H› 4 K³OKŒ�° g\÷x 10 ï~@°Á (50 K³OKŒ�°) h~¡° H›e„²ƒìQê y�H›iOz =_ÈH›\÷“ ã^¥=}ìxß Ç†Ç¶~¡°KÍ‹¬°Hùx J„¬C_È„¬C_È¶ p=ò Hêö~K³q…Õ "ÍÀ‹ë p=ò Hê~¡_ÈO ÇQ®°¾ Ç°Ok.

10. HêH÷ ^ùO_ÈK³@°“#° ‹¬=ü�OQê À‹H›iOz, ^ÎOz ~¡‹¬Of‹² Hù|Äi#¶<³…Õ H›e„²‹¬#ßx=°O@Ì„á =°~¡yOz ~¡‹¬O „¬îiëQê ~òOH÷‡é~ò# „² Î„¬ KÇ…ìÁió =_ÈH›\÷“‹Ôª��° ƒ�’ã Î„¬~¡KÇ°Hùx K³q…Õ 2Ð3 KÇ°H›ø�° "Í‹² Î¶kÌ„_� Í 2Ð3 ~ËA�…ÕK³q~ËQê�°, p=òHê~¡°@, ä›½~¡°„¬ô�° Çy¾‡é`Œ~ò.

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108

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