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This project has received funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 768619
D1.1 Pilot technical
characterization and operation
scenarios
The RESPOND Consortium 2017
Integrated Demand REsponse
SOlution Towards Energy
POsitive NeighbourhooDs
WP 1: Pilot site characterization
T 1.1: Operation scenarios and technical
characterization of pilot sites
Ref. Ares(2018)1737673 - 29/03/2018
WP 1: Pilot site characterization
D1.1 Pilot technical characterization and operation scenarios
2 | 70
PROJECT ACRONYM RESPOND
DOCUMENT D1.1 Pilot technical characterization and operation
scenarios
TYPE (DISTRIBUTION LEVEL) ☐ Public
☐ Confidential
☐ Restricted
DELIVERY DUE DATE 31/03/2018
DATE OF DELIVERY 27/03/2018
STATUS AND VERSION v1.0 - Final
DELIVERABLE RESPONSIBLE FEN
AUTHOR (S) Antonio Colino, Rodrigo Lopez, Agustina Yara (FEN)
Toke Haunstrup Christensen (AAU)
Lisbet Stryhn Rasmussen (AURA)
Niels Munthe (ALBOA)
Dara Ó Maoildhia, Avril Sharkey (ARAN)
OFFICIAL REVIEWER(S) Francisco Javier Diez (TEK)
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DOCUMENT HISTORY
ISSUE DATE CONTENT AND CHANGES
v0.1 11/12/2017 First version
v0.2 09/02/2018 FEN first contributions
v0.3 16/02/2018 Madrid Pilot Site first contributions
v0.4 16/03/2018 Aarhus and Aran Islands Pilot Sites first contributions
v0.5 22/03/2018 Contributions updated
v0.6 23/03/2018 AURA review
v0.7 26/03/2018 TEK review
v1.0 27/03/2018 Final version
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Respond Projects aims to fill the gap between the ongoing Demand Response initiatives currently focused in
the biggest customers with high energy demand and the households with very small one. The objective of this
project is to design, implement and test Demand Response solution for small dwellings which, acting like a
large group, can also provide valuable services to the grid avoiding peak hour stress while benefiting from
cheaper and cleaner energy.
To demonstrate these solutions, Respond is using tree pilot sites selected in different countries and distinctive
characteristics in order to achieve a wider range of possibilities for demo purposes. Inhabitant living in this pilot
will be engaged to take part in trials to prove the suitability of the idea proposed.
As a first step for the proper course of the project, a detailed description of the selected pilots is key. Through
this deliverable this task is addressed with regards to a general description of the pilots, devices and technology
details (including legacy devices in households and shared areas and the new ones to be installed covering
generation, demand, storage, home automation, sensors and GUIs), energy aspects, consumer profiles and
operation scenarios.
The methodology followed to ease this characterization has consisted on the design and use of specific, user-
friendly templates for data collection. In addition to the described above scope, the opportunity has been also
used to gather sociological information that would be very useful during the iterative process of engagement to
be carried out in a later step during the project.
Further to the technical characterization of the existing pilots, several KPIs have been defined based on the
previous analysis of the selected sites. These aforementioned indicators will be used during project life time for
two main goals. On one hand, they will serve as a simple, fair and reasonable comparison between the different
pilots to measure not only the starting point but also the performance of the Demand Response solutions
implemented compared within the variety of available boundary conditions. On the other hand, these KPIs will
be used to monitor time evolution of the main variables of the pilots throughout the project tasks.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction 10
2. Scope and Methodology 11
2.1 Templates for data collection 11
3. Characterization of Pilot Sites 16
3.1 Ireland 16
3.1.1 General Description 17
3.1.2 Devices and technology 19
3.1.3 Energy aspects 23
3.1.4 Consumers profiles 24
3.1.5 Operation scenarios 25
3.2 Denmark 26
3.2.1 General Description 26
3.2.2 Devices and technology 28
3.2.3 Energy aspects 31
3.2.4 Consumers profiles 33
3.2.5 Operation scenarios 33
3.3 Spain 35
3.3.1 General Description 35
3.3.2 Devices and technology 37
3.3.3 Energy aspects 42
3.3.4 Consumers profiles 44
3.3.5 Operation scenarios 45
4. KPIs Definition 47
5. Conclusions 51
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Aran Islands location 17
Figure 2: Inishmore south view 17
Figure 3: Aran Island house 19
Figure 4: Energy monitoring meter 20
Figure 5: PV panels in Aran Islands pilot site 20
Figure 6: Mitsubishi heat pump 21
Figure 7: Aurora inverter 21
Figure 8: Mitsubishi heat pumps 21
Figure 9: Inverter 21
Figure 10: Renault Fluence electric vehicle 22
Figure 11: Heat pump control GUI 22
Figure 12:Aran Islands coal imports 24
Figure 13: Aran Islands, kerosene imports 24
Figure 14: overview of the energy system and power meters in ALBOA public housing estate 31
Figure 15: Monthly production from ALBOA EMS 32
Figure 16: District Aarhus pilot consumption from AffaldVarme Aarhus 32
Figure 17: Madrid pilot site aerial view 35
Figure 18: Madrid pilot site general overview 37
Figure 19: Madrid's several installed meters 38
Figure 20: Madrid central boiler BMS 39
Figure 21: Madrid central boiler gas meter 40
Figure 22: Energomonitor's products range 41
Figure 23: Thermosolar system diagram 42
Figure 24: Madrid central boiler view 44
Figure 25: Madrid pilot electricity consumptions ranked 45
Figure 26: Madrid pilot gas consumptions ranked 45
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:Various template's fields 15
Table 2: Devices template's fields 16
Table 3: List of Aran Island pilot houses 17
Table 4: Irish pilot general overview 19
Table 5: Aarhus pilot site general overview 28
Table 6: list of devices to be installed in Aarhus pilot site 29
Table 7: KPI-Consumption per square meter 48
Table 8: KPI-Consumption per cubic meter 48
Table 9: KPI-Consumption per inhabitant 48
Table 10: KPI-Consumption per square meter and inhabitant 49
Table 11: KPI-RES energy generated 49
Table 12: KPI-Energy generation/consumption balance 49
Table 13: KPI-Electricity energy consumption 49
Table 14: KPI-Thermal energy consumption 50
Table 15: KPI-Energy cost per year 50
Table 16: KPI-Energy cost per year and inhabitant 50
Table 17: KPI-Energy cost per year and square meter 50
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AAU Aalborg Universitet
ALBOA Almen Boligorganisation Aarhus
API Application Program Interface
ARAN Comharchumann Fuinnimh Oileain Arann Teoranta
AURA Aura Radgivning AS
BEC Better Energy Communities
BMS Building Management System
DKK Danish Krone
DHW Domestic Hot Water
DR Demand Response
DSM Demand Side Management
DSO Distribution System Operator
DVD Digital Video Disc
EMI External Meter Interface
EMS Energy Management System
ESCO Energy Service Company
EV Electric Vehicle
FEN Fenie Energía
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
GUI Graphical User Interface
HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
IoT Internet of Things
IT Information Technologies
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LED Light Emitting Diode
NUIG National University of Ireland, Galway
PC Personal Computer
PV Photo Voltaic
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SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SEAI Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland
SMS Short Message Service
TEK Fundación Tekniker
ToU Time of Use
TRL Technology Readiness Level
TV Television
VAT Value Added Tax
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
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1. INTRODUCTION
RESPOND Project aims to develop a demand response solution focus on households with the final aim of be
used as prove of the feasibility of this kind of initiatives among small dwellings. Demand response initiatives
have become quite popular recently as a new tool for, both, supply guarantee and energy efficiency and cost
saving measures. But until now these initiatives have been always focussed to large consumers. The idea behind
this project is to study the suitability of demand response programs in residential sector empowering this way
small energy end users. Moreover, the Project is intended to achieve high TRL level, namely level 8 what implies
a completely developed system, tested in real world and almost ready to market.
To demonstrate the full potential of RESPOND solution and approach, three project pilot sites have been
selected to deploy and validate RESPOND solution as part of the project activities. Aran Islands, Aarhus and
Madrid will serve as a prove for the DR solutions proposed within this project.
In order to validate the solution developed it is necessary to use several volunteers in different Pilot sites to carry
out trials to confirm, or not, the utility and performance of the Project. It success lays, among of course other
important factors, in the adequate becoming of the tests conducted during RESPOND Project life in the designed
Pilot Sites, because of that there is a specific task dedicated to characterizing these designed locations from an
energy point of view as well as the energetic user habits of their inhabitants.
This Task, T1.1, also aims to identify the current operation scenarios with two objectives. On one hand it is
necessary to know the baseline to be able to assess correctly the impacts of the demand response solution
developed and, in the other hand, to serve as an input for task T1.4 that deals with identification of possible
demand side opportunities. In addition, relevant KPIs will be identified for validation of the deployed solution.
From the point of view of end users, the pilot site volunteers, their requirements will be collected to guide the
design of the Demand Response platform addressed within this Project.
This deliverable goes firstly through the scope and methodology implemented to define in the best way the
designed Pilot sites explaining what is going to be characterized and how. Coming up next the Pilot Sites main
characteristics are shown with regards to general overview and description, existing devices and technology,
energy aspects, consumers profiles and current operation scenarios. The next text section is reserved to carry
out an end users’ requirements analysis to be used as input for other tasks during the project. Later, the document
goes through the definition of the identified KPIs among the pilots that will be very useful to compare the
selected locations along with their evolution during the Project. Finally, the conclusions section encompasses
all the valuable learnings obtained during this task. There is also an annex that shows with full detail all the
collected information from every single participant in the trials of the Project.
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2. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
The scope of this deliverable is to focus on the end user and also in the technology point of view. The end user
is located in the centre of the project as one of the most important stakeholders as they are key for the success
of this initiative. With these regards, the aim of this Project is to deliver a user-friendly solution oriented to
satisfy the end-user requirements and to assign accordingly reliable demand response scenarios. Besides, it is
very important also to take into account the technological perspective as this innovation action implies
sophisticated IT developments with the added difficulty of the seamless integration with existing legacy devices
that are necessary to identify and study well.
In order to create this added value solution, the RESPOND Project will collect end user information regarding
building characteristics, habits and routines, contort, energy provisions, ongoing demand response programs
and some sociological relevant aspects. The existing devices will be also described looking at technical details,
working profiles, energy consumptions, communication protocols, interfaces, etc. and given its nature, namely
generation, demand, storage, home automation/BMS/IoT, metering/sensors or display/GUI. This part is related
with T1.3.
The users’ requirements will be collected during WP3 to guide the solution design encouraging the active
involvement of the consumers as one of the key enablers of a demand response initiative. The approach to be
followed during the project lifetime will take care of that required functionalities are properly included whilst
avoiding useless ones and increasing system quality.
The Pilot site characterization pretends to go enough deeper to know all energy aspects relevant for the Project
including not only devices but also habits and user requirements but always, of course, with the explicit consent
of the end user that will be accompanied through the complete process.
RESPOND will take special care regarding data protection issues as the personal information to be used is very
sensitive. For that purpose, the Project will follow a compliance approach with the new, more restrictive, GDPR
European regulation concerning privacy and legal aspects. Moreover, the RESPOND Ethics approach will avoid
negative impacts among the customers related with privacy intrusions while the IT security design will secure
all communications and information storage to prevent data leaks.
This labour will be provided by the pilot sites coordinators that are in constant contact with the selected
residential areas while having a large knowledge of the specific characteristic of each location regarding
energetic point of view along with sociological and habits one. These point is a success factor towards being
able to engage the final users in the demand response solution designed. ALBOA as a social housing association
with the help of AURA, a local energy provider, will lead the Danish Pilot site. In Aran Islands (Ireland) ARAN
will be in charge of the coordination tasks as the residential houses representative together with the university
NUIG. FEN will take care of the Spanish pilot site as the gas and electricity provider.
2.1 TEMPLATES FOR DATA COLLECTION
With regards to the methodology used, several templates have been developed looking for and easy, quick and
less intrusive method to collect all the necessary data for the Pilots characterization. The idea is to design
specific, user-friendly, oriented templates for each stakeholder (inhabitants, janitors, maintenance managers,
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etc.). Furthermore, it is intended to guide all participants through the templates fulfilment process to help them
and solve any doubt than could arise bearing in mind that it is preferable to collect as much information as
possible from the trials participants in the less intrusive way and trying to take just the necessary time from
them.
For the templates design process, an iterative process among all the partners involved has been carried out as
the different information to collect is related and the objective have been to avoid duplicated fields while keeping
aligned regarding the necessary inputs for the different project tasks. In addition, for an easier standardization
in the information, the use of existing ontologies regarding energy aspects have been widely implemented in the
templates.
Unfortunately, not all the data collection process can be done through templates. Specially related with
engagement process, it is scheduled an interactive process of interviews and direct communication with the
participants.
Bellow there is shown a list of all fields to be collected using templates along with their explanation and an
example:
(Mandatory fields in green)
VARIOUS TEMPLATE
Groups: Households, Building (shared areas)
Field name Category Description Example
Pilot site Pilot site Denmark, Ireland, Spain Spain
Surface Building
characteristics
Total surface in m2 200
Ceiling height Building
characteristics
m 2,7
Floor Building
characteristics
e.g. 2º floor 6
Year of construction Building
characteristics
The year of edification 1979
Isolation materials Building
characteristics
e.g. stone, bricks, etc. Bricks
Orientation Building
characteristics
e.g. N, S, W, E SE
Situation respect other
households/buildings
Building
characteristics
e.g. alone, between other
buildings, standalone
house, flat, etc
flat
Address Building
characteristics
complete address for
location/identification
purposes
Costa Rica 19, Madrid, Spain
Owner/Tenant Habits/routines Owner or tenant Owner
No of inhabitants Habits/routines e.g. family of 4 people 5
No of occasional
people
Habits/routines e.g. 1 person visit once a
week
1
Age of inhabitants Habits/routines e.g. 45/43/12/7 39/36/6/4/2
Hours week days Habits/routines Average hours with
people inside in the
morning/afternoon/night
90%/100%/100%
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Hours weekends Habits/routines Average hours with
people inside in the
morning/afternoon/night
90%/100%/100%
Wake up time week
days
Habits/routines e.g. 07:00 7:00
Wake up time
weekends
Habits/routines e.g. 10:00 7:00
Bedtime week days Habits/routines e.g. 24:00 21:00
Bedtime weekends Habits/routines e.g. 01:00 22:00
Meals at home Habits/routines Indicate if
breakfast/lunch/dinner
takes place at household
5/2/5
Heating temperature
range
Comfort Temperature range
accepted for heating.
e.g. 20ºC-22ºC
18º
Cooling temperature
range
Comfort Temperature range
accepted for heating.
e.g. 24ºC-25ºC
26º
SHW temperature
range
Comfort Temperature range
accepted for heating.
e.g. 45ºC-60ºC
50º
Light level Comfort Preferences regarding
light e.g.
High/medium/low
Medium
House ventilation
habits
Comfort Number of times with
windows opened per
day/week and duration
7
Heating system Comfort o Central heating
system?
o Floor heating or
radiators?
o 1 or two strings central
heating system?
o Type of control:
Central control unit (for
each dwelling or entire
building in case of
blocks of apartments) or
thermostat control on
each radiator?
Central heating system
Cooling system Comfort Central cooling system
or cooling in individual
dwellings (rooms)?
Central cooling system
Ventilation Comfort o Mechanical
ventilation?
-Balanced?
-Possibility to air out?
o Exhaust hoods
installed (e.g. in kitchen)
Manual ventilation
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Building energy
efficiency
Comfort Temperature curves of
the building (i.e. how
fast the indoor
temperature drops in
case of heating turned
off)
Poor isolation. Quick
temperature drop down.
Indoor climate status Comfort e.g. problems with
feeling cold or draught
during winter,
overheating during
summer etc.
No problems
Electricity provider Energy provider Provider company (see
bills)
Fenie Energia
Electricity grid
operator
Energy provider Proprietary of the
grid/responsible for
metering
GNF
Electricity tariff type Energy provider Fix/variable Fix
Electricity price Energy provider Price details 0,123567 €/MWh
Electricity ID grid
number
Energy provider Unique ID to identify
the supply point in the
grid
ES0022000234324234234JT
Gas provider Energy provider Provider company (see
bills)
Central boiler. GNF
Gas grid operator Energy provider Proprietary of the
grid/responsible for
metering
Central boiler. GNF
Gas tariff type Energy provider Fix/variable Central boiler. Fix price
Gas price Energy provider Price details Central boiler. 0.42 €/MWh
Gas ID grid number Energy provider Unique ID to identify
the supply point in the
grid
Central boiler.
ES0135826368225634FT
Water provider Energy provider Provider company (see
bills)
Canal Isabel II
Water grid operator Energy provider Proprietary of the
grid/responsible for
metering
Canal Isabel II
Water tariff type Energy provider Fix/variable Fix
Water price Energy provider Price details 0,006
Water ID grid number Energy provider Unique ID to identify
the supply point in the
grid
1926372698712
Heat provider Energy provider Provider company (see
bills)
AffaldVarme
Heat grid operator Energy provider Proprietary of the
grid/responsible for
metering
AffaldVarme
Heat tariff type Energy provider Fix/variable Fix price
Heat price Energy provider Price details 0.25 €/MWh
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Heat ID grid number Energy provider Unique ID to identify
the supply point in the
grid
H1273019273
Possibility of time-of-
use price scheme
Energy provider Yes/no, in what energy? Yes
Current demand
response programs
Demand response Yes/No (Name) Thermostatic Valve
DR program
description
Demand response Demand response
programs details
Central boiler savings
Comfort requirements User requirements thermal, lightning, etc
requirements
4 out of 5 (0 less important, 5
max priority)
App/dashboard
requirements
User requirements Options, graphics, data,
configuration
possibilities, etc that the
user would like to have
available
5 out of 5 (0 less important, 5
max priority)
Interaction
requirements
User requirements ¿automatic actions,
number of alerts,
common interface, etc?
3 out of 5 (0 less important, 5
max priority)
Security requirements User requirements Security concerns 2 out of 5 (0 less important, 5
max priority)
Privacy requirements User requirements Privacy concerns 2 out of 5 (0 less important, 5
max priority)
Costs requirements User requirements Service cost reasonable
range expectations.
1 out of 5 (0 less important, 5
max priority)
Benefits requirements User requirements Service benefits
expectations
1 out of 5 (0 less important, 5
max priority) Table 1:Various template's fields
DEVICES TEMPLATE
Groups: Generation, demand, storage, Home automation/BMS/IoT, Metering/sensors, Display/GUI
Field name Category Description Example
Household / Building
No.
Household Related No. In the list of
households
1231
Energy use Technical
information
e.g. lighting, IT, climate,
etc.
Climate
Manufacturer Technical
information
Name of the
manufacturer
Mitsubishi
Model Technical
information
Model of the device ZEN
Technology Technical
information
e.g. LED, Bulb, etc Inverter
Fabrication year Technical
information
Year of fabrication 2015
Purchase year Technical
information
Year since the device is
working
2015
Power/capacity Energy information kW or kWh 5,5
Efficiency label Energy information e.g. A++, A+, A, B, etc A++
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monophasic / three
phasic
Energy information Type of electrical
connection
Monophasic
Average yearly
consumption
Energy information e.g. 3500 kWh/year 2000
Average yearly
working hours
Use information e.g.1500 h 450
Working profile /
seasonality
Use information e.g. 3 h/day in week
days, 5h/day weekends
5h/day
Sequencing Use information Info about the working
sequence
continuous sequence
(afternoon)
Flexibility Use information Is it possible to modify
the working profile?
Yes
Modulation Use information Is it possible to modify
the
consumption/generation,
etc?
Yes
Additional details Additional details Any other relevant
information not suitable
in previous fields
4 runing modes, including
eco.
Account settlement
schemes
Additional details e.g. annual or hourly net
metering?
Hourly
Feedback to residents Additional details Existing feedback to
residents?
Yes
Table 2: Devices template's fields
3. CHARACTERIZATION OF PILOT SITES
As exposed above to demonstrate the full potential of RESPOND solution and approach, three project pilot sites
have been selected to deploy and validate RESPOND solution as part of the project activities. These Pilot sites
have been intentionally chosen at different geographical locations, in different climatic zones, having different
underlying energy systems, forms of ownership (both rental as well as home-owners), population densities, thus
providing a diversity of opportunities for project demonstration.
Further pilot information is explained in detail through the following sections. For a better comprehension of
the characterization of the pilots, this document will present firstly a qualitative description focusing on the
average, more frequent cases in each pilot while the individual quantitative detail of all the dwellings included
in the trials will be allocated in the annex I of this document.
3.1 IRELAND
The location of the first pilot site is on Inishmore, the largest of the three Aran Islands in the mouth of Galway
Bay. With a population of approximately 800 people, the island itself is very exposed to the elements,
particularly during the winter months as it has very little shelter. The islands, which are very popular with
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tourists - especially in the summer season - are very isolated and have little in the line of services that one might
see in some of the other pilot areas.
This report will focus on the selected houses engaged so far in the early engagement process. At the moment of
submitting this document 5 houses will taking part in RESPOND pilot while efforts to try to join more
participants keep going.
Pilot Name Inishmore (Ireland)
Location Inishmore, Aran Islands, Co. Galway, Ireland
Building type Residential – standalone houses
Number of buildings 5
Potential outreach 24 separate buildings spread over the island Table 3: List of Aran Island pilot houses
Below are some images of the pilot site:
Figure 1: Aran Islands location
Figure 2: Inishmore south view
3.1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The below table encompasses a general overview of the Irish pilot site at the beginning of the project:
PILOT 3 GENERAL INFORMATION
Project pilot name ARAN ISLANDS (IRELAND)
Location Aran Islands, Cottage Rd, Galway, Ireland
Building Type Residential (dwellings and community buildings)
Number of buildings/customers involved in the project demonstration
24 preselected dwellings
Potential outreach (in number of buildings/customers): Up to 448 dwellings of Aran Islands (and theoretically up to 2.3 Mill customers through support of ESB Networks)
PILOT 3 DESCRIPTION
Pilot overview Photos of Pilot
The Aran Islands are located approximately 10 nautical miles from County Galway on the West Coast of Ireland (Ros a Mhíl to Inis Mór). There are 3 islands in total Inis Mór, Inis Meáin, Inis Oírr comprising a total population of approximately 1,225 inhabitants (this doubles during the Summer months from tourist activity). There are in total 448 individual dwellings with an average occupancy of 2.4 per dwelling, of which 24 dwellings are preselected for demonstration activities of RESPOND system. The climate is temperate with average temperature ranges of 14°C in Summer to 6°C in Winter. The prevailing winds are West/South West.
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In 2008 (baseline year), the total annual electrical energy consumption for all 3 Islands was approximately 3,942kWhr, which is provided via a 3MW cable connection to the mainland. In the same year, fuel for space heating and transportation amounted to 294,844 litres of Kerosene, 255,297 litres of Diesel, 648,000kg of coal and 211,400 litres of transport diesel equating to an import dependency of 89% for heating purposes compared with and 82% import dependency on the mainland.
Energy/IT Ecosystem
The energy demands for the Islands in 2008 are found to be 64% Heating (space and water), 23% electricity and 13% transport.
Installed wind based renewable energy stood at 675 kW (3 x 225 kW Vestas V25 wind turbines) capacity in 2008 (Inis Meáin)
equating to approximately 38% provision of electricity on the Islands in 2008 although they are outside of the pilot scope.
Between 2008 and 2015, Aran Islands embarked on ambitious program to reduce the 3 island’s dependency on fossil fuels by
converting their heating and transportation infrastructure from a fossil fuel based one to an electrical one, thereby reducing the
dependency in energy imports by 84% from the 2008 levels.
The technologies chosen to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels included increased levels of insulation (23%), electrification
of the heating and transportation requirements (48%) and an increase of wind energy capacity to 1.8MW (13%).
The electrification of the heating and transportation takes the form of heat pumps, storage heaters, electrical vehicles and a
deployment of both photo-voltaic (PV) and solar-thermal arrays on a number of the residences on the islands.
Smart metering exists in terms of temperature sensors and power meters, while a number of consumption devices (e.g. for heating) can be controlled wirelessly. Nevertheless, additional home automation and smart metering devices will be considered for full blown deployment of RESPOND system.
PILOT 3 TECHNICAL FEATURES
Technical system / Scope
Availability
Description existing
instalment/ available support
instalment/ support could be
provided
BMS/EMS system (for data acquisition)
√ Data monitoring system exists within some of the community. Temperature sensors and smart meters (electrical) are installed in a large number of the residences
BMS/EMS system (possible automated control)
√ Automated control of the PV arrays and storage batteries available. Control of electrical vehicle battery storage also possible.
Smart Meters
√
Smart metering is currently only available for electricity consumption. There is a possibility for installation of heat consumption metering.
Smart Appliances
√
Quantum electrical storage heaters are installed in a number
of the houses. Installed Heat pumps can also be internet
addressed. PV arrays are capable of being grid connected.
IoT Devices/Platform √
At this moment there is no Smart Appliances deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to choose/develop appropriate solution.
On-site renewables
√
150 kW of PV and solar-thermal arrays are deployed in 100 residences. There are 10 homes with geothermal heating. Currently planning for 2.7 MW of wind energy and 1 MW of solar PV.
Energy Storage / Electric Vehicles √
Currently, there are 9 Renault electric vehicles utilized at the Islands communities. Storage batteries are also available with the possibility for control.
Demand Response Program √
Different demand response programs could be investigated with respect to the electricity consumption via 3MW island-mainland interconnector by exploiting energy assets at site.
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Variable/ToU tariffs √
Variable tariffs are already applied and available from ESB Networks which are serving as energy providers of Islands via island-mainline power line.
Energy Provider / ESCO / Network Operator
√ ESB Networks (will provide support) are serving as both energy provider and distribution system operator for the Aran Islands.
Table 4: Irish pilot general overview
All five houses have their own individual connection to the electricity supply and there is a meter within each
dwelling where the electricity usage can be easily tracked. There is no gas connection available on the island,
and so the households that have gas appliances (cookers only in this case) use bottled gas which is imported
onto the island and sold by various vendors.
Since the introduction of the Better Energy Communities (BEC) [1] scheme in Ireland in 2012 (by the
Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland SEAI), which is still running, fossil fuel imports into the island have
steadily declined. This is great news for our environment and a testament to the success of the scheme. Up to
50% of the houses across the three islands have been retrofitted to some degree, with many having solar water
heaters or PV panels installed. There has been a huge amount of insulation work carried out also, as a lot of
dwellings on the islands are older buildings, built of stone and poorly insulated. There are currently 9 electric
vehicles on Inishmore, and we hope to see this steadily increase over time. There have been several incentive
schemes rolled out over the past few years to increase interest in and purchases of EVs.
Figure 3: Aran Island house
The five houses early engaged are representative of the situation in the island. They range in size from about
110m² and 165m² with ceiling heights ranging between 2.4 and 2.7 metres. There is a vast difference in the age
of the buildings as one is an old stone house, part of it up to 300 years old, another is timber-frame and others
are block-built. There are also extensions attached to some houses that were added at different times. Two of
the houses are north facing and the other three are south/south westerly facing houses.
3.1.2 DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY
For it to be possible to gain an understanding of the situation in each household or to study the energy practices
in the homes, the energy using/producing devices within the dwellings must be discussed.
Energy Generation
Thanks to the BEC scheme, a scheme funded by the SEAI in Ireland, where homeowners receive partial funding
for retrofitting their home, making them more comfortable and energy efficient, there are PV panels on each of
the houses in our pilot study. Along with 2kw PV panels, each of the dwellings has been fitted with an air to
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water heat pump, which work well together. Apart from standard metering systems on the electricity usage
within the household, the electricity generated by the PV panels is monitored on the inverter panel, and the
energy being used and generated by the heat pump is monitored in its control panel. The installation of smart
monitoring equipment in the dwellings would allow for easy adjustment of the conditions within the household
(remotely when desired) as well as a reduction in energy use, or at least a more efficient use of energy within
the homes.
There are two energy monitoring meters present inhouse no.1 of the dwellings which track the usage of
electricity within the household and the power generated by the PV panels which lie outside on the ground.
Below is a photo of the meters discussed (left) and the right a photo of the PV panels at ground level;
Figure 4: Energy monitoring meter
Figure 5: PV panels in Aran Islands pilot site
Energy Storage.
All of the houses store energy in some shape or form. For the most part it is stored in the form of hot water in
cylinders within the house for use when needed. Only one of the dwellings has a battery storage system, which
is being used to store excess energy produced from the PV panels. Three of the dwellings have electric water
storage heaters installed in the property also.
There is no DR equipment installed in any of the dwellings. As part of this project a programme suitable to the
dwellings could be applied.
Demand appliances
The appliance in each house which causes the most demand for electricity is the heat pump and the storage
heaters, particularly in winter months when the weather on the island is much colder. 2 of the 5 houses are fitted
with a 8.5 kW Mitsubishi heat pump and a Solis inverter. A third has an 11.5 kW heat pump, same make. These
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were installed less than a year ago and so the households are still establishing a routine that suits their needs.
These houses have swapped from fossil fuel to electric and are still getting used to the new system.
The fourth dwelling has a 11 kW Mitsubishi heat pump since late 2016. The fifth dwelling has a 5.5 kW Daiken
heat pump and Aurora inverter, installed in 2014.
Figure 6: Mitsubishi heat pump
Figure 7: Aurora inverter
Figure 8: Mitsubishi heat pumps
Figure 9: Inverter
Each house also operates a washing machine and a tumble dryer, along with other normal household appliances
such as refrigerator and freezer(s), dishwashers etc. All houses have gas hob cookers. Some have electric
showers, oil-filled radiators, fan heaters, power tools, hot blankets, dehumidifiers, etc. Some also have an
electric oven/grill. One of the dwellings also operates an electric vehicle (Renault Fluence).
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Figure 10: Renault Fluence electric vehicle
GUI interfaces
There are GUIs installed in all of the dwellings. These relate to the heat pump and the PV panels in each house.
They are user friendly and simple to use. Please find below a photograph of the GUI installed in 3 of the
dwellings to control the heat pump.
Figure 11: Heat pump control GUI
New devices intended to be installed in individual households:
▪ Generation devices: No generation devices to be installed.
▪ Demand appliances: No demand appliances to be installed.
▪ Storage equipment: No storage equipment to be installed.
▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: During the project it is intended to install the following
products:
Thermostat controls on every radiator, that can be controlled by the RESPOND App.
Develco products:
Smart relay: The Smart Plug Mini monitors the power consumption and enables the user to control
electrical equipment by switching it on or off remotely. The ZigBee-based smart plug can easily be
integrated with other ZigBee product.
Humidity Sensor: The ZigBee-based Humidity Sensor measures humidity levels in any room and
provides immediate alerts if the climate fluctuates to unsafe levels. The sensor can activate an existing
https://www.develcoproducts.com/products/sensors-and-alarms/humidity-sensor/
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ventilation system to help reduce condensation levels and trigger a thermostat, an air-conditioner, or a
portable heater.
External Meter Interface: The EMI collects readings and information from existing meters and send data
via the ZigBee communication to appliances in the building. The External Meter Interface works with
different kinds of meters, including power, water, gas or heating.
Temperature sensor: The ZigBee-based temperature sensor measures the temperature every 2 minutes.
The sensor operates under the ZigBee standard. The average battery life of the Temperature Sensor is 6
years.
Smart Thermostat: The Thermostatic Radiator Valve is designed to be incorporated into the home
heating system. The Smart Thermostat helps to maintain a comfortable room temperature by controlling
the flow of hot water to home radiators. By regulating the flow of hot water, users can maintain their
desired room temperature to suit various needs.
Meters/sensors: Calorimeter (Kampstrup MC 602) is to be installed during the project to provide real
time insight about heat consumptions. The Calorimeter will measure heat consumption for both space
heating and hot water production.
3.1.3 ENERGY ASPECTS
There are two different energy providers, operating different tariffs, to consider in this project. The energy
providers concerned are Airtricity and Electric Ireland. Only one house of the five is using the night-rate meter
as well as the standard one. They take advantage of this cheaper rate by charging their car at night and set the
dishwasher to come on at night also. They also use the night rate for their storage heaters. This would likely be
reversed on certain days with DR technology as they could make use of the excess power being produced by
their PV.
While gas is an option to heat many Irish homes, it is not available to anyone on the Aran Islands. Gas is only
used in barrels, purchased upfront for cookers etc.
Irish Water, the state-run water utility company, recently installed meters on the boundary of each dwelling on
the island. However, at the moment there are no charges on the water being used by domestic buildings.
Four of the five buildings in this pilot area have 2kw of solar photovoltaic panels installed. One is at ground
level and the rest are new installations on the rooftops. The fifth building has 4 kW of solar PV installed at
ground level. Each house can monitor the electricity they generate along with the amount used by their heat-
pumps.
One of the houses in this study has a battery storage system (house 2) with a capacity of 10kWh. This feeds
directly to the heat pump.
Although there is a variable tariff available in Ireland (day rate and night rate), only one of the five pilot sites
are using this system. The others are all on a standard fixed rate which itself varies between providers. There
are two different electricity providers involved in this pilot area, they are: Electric Ireland and Airtricity.
https://www.develcoproducts.com/products/meter-interfaces/external-meter-interface/
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Air conditioning is non-existent within the pilot dwellings, with the exception of extractor hoods used during
cooking, which are very common. The summers on the island are very mild. Temperature control within the
dwellings focus solely on heating rather than cooling, mostly between the months of September through to May,
inclusive.
Below; Graphs showing Coal and Kerosene imports to the island from 2012-2016.
Figure 12:Aran Islands coal imports
Figure 13: Aran Islands, kerosene imports
3.1.4 CONSUMERS PROFILES
As there are only five participants in the pilot mapping here at the moment and bearing in mind how different
they all here is a brief profile on each consumer taking part in the study. All are residential buildings. Four are
privately owned and one is owned by a charitable foundation.
• House no.1
This dwelling (110m²) houses a married couple, both between 55-69 and their 14-year-old daughter.
Their three other adult children are studying away from home but return for holidays, summer and
occasional weekends. Both adult’s parents are self-employed.
• House no.2
0
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
inishmore Coal Imports (tonnes)
160000
170000
180000
190000
200000
210000
220000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Inishmore Kerosene imports (litres)
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This dwelling (165m²) houses a single woman, (40-54) and occasionally her adult daughter. She runs
yoga classes from this dwelling winter and summer. Groups of people (up to 20 pax) come to stay in the
residence, especially in the summer months, for up to one week at a time to do yoga, meditation or other
spiritual and cultural activities.
• House no.3
The couple (both in their sixties) in this house (110m²) have one 16-year son who is still living at home
and attending secondary school. One person in this household is retired and the other works full time.
• House no.4
The married couple aged 45 & 47 living at this residence (110m²) do not have children. However, they
do provide accommodation and meals for 10-12 young students between the ages of 12 and 18. There
are three groups of students who come every year for three weeks at a time in June, July and August.
• House no.5
House number 5 (110m²) is home to one man in his 70s. He is a retiree with family living nearby. His
daughter helps with meals etc and takes charge of some of the household duties too.
3.1.5 OPERATION SCENARIOS
There are five common power consuming products across all five dwellings. Without any monitoring equipment
installed, apart from standard metering systems on the electricity usage, on these items already it is impossible
to ascertain for certain when the power usage of all five peak. However, after discussing their habits and routines
with all parties, some estimation can be made.
Washing Machines
Every one of the dwellings use a washing machine. Most would try to use the washing machine early in the
morning whenever possible, and almost all use it daily. Some of the participants said that the times would vary
slightly during busier times. In most of the households, it was the adult female who operated the machine most
frequently. Average machine 500w.
Dishwashers
All but one of the homes own a dishwasher and most would need to use it on a daily basis, particularly during
summer months, when almost all dwellings are at their busiest. The most common time for the machine to be
in operation was in the evening, though one of the dwellings have it set on a timer to run after midnight. This
home takes advantage of the night-rate tariff by operating it in this way. Average machine 1200w – 1500w.
Refrigerators/Freezers
The consumption of these appliances varies greatly between all dwellings, mainly because some have extra
freezer space. (in one case, three large freezers) and some have no need for such. This makes its very difficult
for make any comparison based on routine etc. Some of these appliances have a high energy rating which would
reduce the consumption greatly. Average machine 150w – 400w.
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Tumble Dryers
All dwellings own one of these appliances, although one had only recently purchased one where they did not
have one previously. Most of the dwellings tried to run this appliance early in the day, when it was used, but
two rarely use the machine at all. Weather played a key role in the reason for people using this machine
frequently as even during the summer months if rains quite often on the islands. Average machine 1000w –
4000w.
Electric oven
While all of the houses operated a gas hob cooker, only one was without an electric oven. It is likely that the
oven is used most frequently before dinner time, which most people said was between 7pm-730pm. Most
households agreed that they tried to eat together whenever possible, and that the other meals during the day were
often eaten separately due to differing schedules. Average over 2150w.
3.2 DENMARK
The pilot site is located in Aarhus. It is the second-largest city in Denmark with 315.00 citizens. At present, the
population is growing with approx. 5000 new citizens every year. It’s a city with large building activity. Aarhus
is an innovative city, characterised with lot of students and the largest container port in Denmark. Aarhus
University is placed in the city and have more than 40.000 students. In 2017, Aarhus was the European Capital
of Culture.
3.2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The below table encompasses a general overview of the Danish pilot site at the beginning of the project:
PILOT 2 GENERAL INFORMATION
Project pilot name AARHUS(DENMARK)
Location Aarhus, Nyringen 1-85and Næringen 2-90, Denmark
Building Type Residential (apartments)
Number of buildings/customers involved in the project demonstration
4buildings (with 20preselected apartments) of total 30 buildings with 592 apartments in project pilot
Potential outreach (in number of buildings/customers) Up to 7.000 buildings under service of Alboa (ALBOA)
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PILOT 2 DESCRIPTION
Pilot overview Photos of Pilot
Project pilot consists of public housing district comprising of overall around 30 residential buildings/townhouses. All the apartments of the buildings in project pilot are part of a public housing estate. 4 buildings with 20 preselected apartments will be used for demonstration of RESPOND solution. These apartments are all given under lease and there are in total 592 apartments in project pilot. All apartments have individual monitoring of electricity consumption. On the other hand, individual consumption of heat and water is not measured, but there is a possibility for installation of calorimeters and water flow meters. All buildings/townhouses of the project pilot have individual generation units for hot water production. Average consumption for the entire public housing estate is about 1.800 MWh of electricity and 6.700 MWh for heating. Common energy uses are related primarily to outdoor lighting and common laundry rooms. All buildings are equipped with central heating system, while apartments have different home appliances, electric stoves, washings machines and chest freezers, most of them also have dishwashers.
Energy/IT Ecosystem
To account for renewable energy sources, that will provide RESPOND means to cope with demand response requirements, the public housing estate is equipped with solar panels. In total, these solar panels contribute with yearly production of approximately 590 MWh. Produced electricity is completely supplied to the apartments, i.e. for the local end use of electricity. Until today, metering equipment is installed at the site, measuring the electrical consumption of individual electricity demand (via smart metering deployed by public housing estate). As mentioned, heating and water consumption are measured but only in aggregated way, providing the consumption data per buildings/townhouses. To provide a higher resolution of monitoring points for RESPOND, public housing estate envisioned instalment of necessary smart energy metering equipment at apartment level as well. At the same time, to give full control to RESPOND system, project pilot will be equipped with appropriate home automation solutions. In this way, an optimized control strategy could be undertaken under the demand response activities. There is an existing energy management system providing an aggregated energy consumption data. But currently, all the metering points are not integrated (such as smart meters provided by estate). It is envisioned that RESPOND platform provide integration and adequate analysis of monitoring data in order to perform adequate control actions on building systems.
PILOT 2 TECHNICAL FEATURES
Technical system / Scope
Availability
Description existing
instalment/ available support
instalment/ support could be
provided
BMS/EMS system (for data acquisition)
√ There is an existing energy management system providing the monitoring of aggregated consumption data, but the smart meters of the estate are not integrated at this time.
BMS/EMS system (possible automated control)
√
There is an existing SCADA system which controls district heating allowing temperature set-point adjustments. CTS system (Siemens/Trend) for control of hot water production is in place.
Smart Meters
√
Smart metering is currently only available for electricity consumption. There is a possibility for instalment of heat consumption metering.
Smart Appliances
√
At this moment there is no Smart Appliances deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to choose/develop appropriate solution.
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IoT Devices/Platform √
At this moment there is no Smart Appliances deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to choose/develop appropriate solution.
On-site renewables √
The project pilot is equipped with solar panels. These solar panels are contributing with electricity production of 590MWh/year which is locally used.
Energy Storage / Electric Vehicles √
Currently, there are no energy storage/electric vehicles systems in the district. Estate will consider installing storage units for electricity in the nearest future.
Demand Response Program √
At this moment there is no Demand Response program deployed at the Pilot Site. It would be part of RESPOND to deploy adequate program reflecting the DR possibilities.
Variable/ToU tariffs √
There is a fixed price tariffing applied at Project Site. As part of the project, a variable tariffing system could be applied, to test the potential effect on end user behavior.
Energy Provider / ESCO / Network Operator
√ District heating: AffaldVarme Aarhus (will provide support); Electricity distribution company: NRGi;Electricity supplier: Aura (as consortium member)
Table 5: Aarhus pilot site general overview
Regarding the building characteristics of the 20 households:
Surface: 130 m² + 65 m² basement
Celling height: 2,43 m
Year of construction: 1975
Isolation materials: mineral wool
The building and shared areas of the project have the following characteristics:
Orientation: Varies
Situation respect other households/buildings: Between other buildings
Full address: Vejlby Vest, Nyringen 1- 85 and Næringen 2-90, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
Property: Tenant
3.2.2 DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY
In this section there is a description of devices and technology for the Danish pilot site for individual
households and shared areas. There is also a description of devices intended to be installed. Further details
are shown in deliverable D1.3. Interoperability issues at pilot level.
Legacy devices in individual households:
▪ Generation devices: There is no generation devices.
▪ Demand appliances: Every apartment comes equipped with:
o Washing machine
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o Fridge
o Freezer
o Stove
All other appliances are property of the tenant, and is therefore unknown, until the 20
participants are selected.
▪ Storage equipment: There is no storage equipment.
▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: There is no BMS or smart devices.
▪ Meters/sensors: There is a meter for electricity. There is no calorimeter or water meter.
Legacy devices in shared areas:
▪ Generation devices: PV panels (although they supply the entire estate)
▪ Demand appliances: None concerning the apartments used in this pilot
▪ Storage equipment: There is no storage equipment.
▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: There is BMS system, although it does not control the type of
apartment used in this pilot
▪ Meters/sensors: Calorimeters, electricity meters, water meters (for her entire estate)
▪ Display GUI interfaces: None
New devices intended to be installed in individual households:
Table 6: list of devices to be installed in Aarhus pilot site
▪ Generation devices: No generation devices to be installed.
▪ Demand appliances: No demand appliances to be installed.
▪ Storage equipment: No storage equipment to be installed.
▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: During the project it is intended to install the following
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products:
Thermostat controls on every radiator, that can be controlled by the RESPOND App.
Develco products:
Smart relay: The Smart Plug Mini monitors the power consumption and enables the user to control
electrical equipment by switching it on or off remotely. The ZigBee-based smart plug can easily be
integrated with other ZigBee product.
Humidity Sensor: The ZigBee-based Humidity Sensor measures humidity levels in any room and
provides immediate alerts if the climate fluctuates to unsafe levels. The sensor can activate an
existing ventilation system to help reduce condensation levels and trigger a thermostat, an air-
conditioner, or a portable heater.
External Meter Interface: The EMI collects readings and information from existing meters and send
data via the ZigBee communication to appliances in the building. The External Meter
Interface works with different kinds of meters, including power, water, gas or heating.
Temperature sensor: The ZigBee-based temperature sensor measures the temperature every 2
minutes. The sensor operates under the ZigBee standard. The average battery life of the
Temperature Sensor is 6 years.
Smart Thermostat: The Thermostatic Radiator Valve is designed to be incorporated into the home
heating system. The Smart Thermostat helps to maintain a comfortable room temperature by
controlling the flow of hot water to home radiators. By regulating the flow of hot water, users can
maintain their desired room temperature to suit various needs.
Air Quality Sensor: The ZigBee-based Air Quality Sensor measures volatile organic compounds
(VOC). in any room and provides immediate alerts if the air quality is bad. VOCs are known to
cause eye irritations, headache, drowsiness or, even dizziness, all summarized under the term SBS
(sick building syndrome). The sensor can activate an existing ventilation system to help reduce the
VOC level.
Meters/sensors: Calorimeter (Kampstrup MC 602) is to be installed during the project to provide
real time insight about heat consumptions. The Calorimeter will measure heat consumption for both
space heating and hot water production.
In the danish pilot the families are going to use the REPOND app on their own smartphone or tablet
for home management and push message.
New devices intended to be installed in shared areas:
▪ Generation devices: No new devices
▪ Demand appliances: No new devices.
▪ Storage equipment: No new devices
https://www.develcoproducts.com/products/sensors-and-alarms/humidity-sensor/https://www.develcoproducts.com/products/meter-interfaces/external-meter-interface/
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▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: No new devices
▪ Meters/sensors: No new devices
▪ Display GUI interfaces: No new devices
3.2.3 ENERGY ASPECTS
An overview of the energy system and power meters in ALBOA public housing estate, Vejlby Vest is
shown in this figure below.
Figure 14: overview of the energy system and power meters in ALBOA public housing estate
Every apartment/house has their own electricity meter and pay for their own consumption. Electricity
consumption in shared areas is included in the rent. In Denmark there is a liberalized marked, electricity
consumers can choose where to buy their electricity. but the public house estates make agreement for all
their residents. ALBOA has made an agreement with AURA for all residents in ALBOA public houses.
When the PV panels in Vejlby Vest produce more energy than the residents can use, the surplus production
is sold to the grid. Vejlby Vest sells approx. 25 % of the yearly PV production. The price is set by the
Danish Government for the first 10 years at 0.60 DDK pr. kWh. When Vejlby Vest buys electricity from
the grid they pay approx. 2.00 DDK pr. kWh. including VAT and taxes.
Because of the price difference Vejlby Vest would reduce their electricity expenditure by approx. 200.000
DDK. If the entire PV production is used by the residents.
Monthly production from PV panels, electricity imported and export from grid, for the entire estate.
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Figure 15: Monthly production from ALBOA EMS
The heating system in Vejlby Vest is district heating.
District heating is based on hot water from a power plant being distributed to each home. Out of the total
heat consumption for residential buildings, typically 30% are used for heating hot water and 70% for room
heating according to guidelines from the Danish Energy Authority.
Once the water is cooled it is returned to the power plant. The district heating water is approx. 75 degrees
when it comes into the house. Inside the house, district heating water is typically divided into 2 systems,
one for space heating and one for hot water production. The heating system in the houses is 2string central
heating with a thermostat control on each radiator.
The district heating system in Aarhus comes from AffaldVarme Aarhus and have a demand peak in the
morning from around 7.00 am to 9.00 am as showed in the figure from AffaldVarme Aarhus.
Figure 16: District Aarhus pilot consumption from AffaldVarme Aarhus
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The electricity system in Denmark also have a demand peak, although it is located at 5 pm to 7 pm. Within
this project, we will try to reduce the peak load for both heating and electricity.
The Danish (national) distribution of residential electricity consumption by final use has been monitored
via the so-called ELMODEL-Bolig [2] model for several decades. The model is based on regular surveys
that collect information about Danish households’ ownership of electrical devices and how they use these.
According to ELMODEL-Bolig, the Danish residential electricity consumption is distributed on the
following types of final uses in the following way [3]:
Lighting: 12%
Cooking: 11%
Fridge/freezer: 14%
Washing machine, dryer and dishwasher: 19%
IT & Electronics: 42%
Other: 2%
We do not have disaggregated consumption data for ALBOA. However, we find it reasonable to assume
that the local distribution will be fairly similar to the national figures.
3.2.4 CONSUMERS PROFILES
All the residents have been members of ALBOA for a long time to get one of the terraced houses. The
housing area is characterised by a relatively high diversity with regard to ethnic background (which is
common for social housing in Denmark). There are typical two main groups of residents:
• Families with children
• Medium/old people that had children and now they are grown up and have left home.
Most part of this inhabitant are retired.
Metering data from ALBOA show that electricity consumption levels varies with up to several factors (2-
4) between individual apartments. This is typically for Danish apartments (and dwellings generally), as has
also been shown in previous studies such as Gram-Hanssen (2010) [4].
3.2.5 OPERATION SCENARIOS
In the Danish pilot the operation scenarios are divided into two types of energy, district heating and
electricity. Both types have challenges with peak load.
The operation scenarios for heating:
• Temperature This experiment is about external control and/or settings of the temperature via an app. Automated
control of thermostats settings +/-2 degrees as well as an override feature, where the resident easily
can regain control. How big a change is possible and how much lower can the peak load in the
families’ everyday life be reduced?
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E.g. adjust the temperature 2 degrees above the families’ desired comfort temperature at 6.00 PM
– 7.00 PM and similar adjust the temperature 1-2 degrees down below the desired temperature
between 7.00 PM – 9.00 PM.
Self-adjustable setting of the temperature via the RESPOND app, should also motivate the family
to use the app.
• Ventilation
Indications regarding of VOC and humidity levels and perhaps also CO2. This Indication is
regarding to get the residents into a good routine looking at the app.
We also want to motivate the families to open windows (health for the residents and the building
(avoiding mold)).
The operation scenarios for electricity:
• Distribute the peak load with routine
Optimize the use of renewable energy with flexible prices. Make electricity more expensive when
there is not so much renewable energy in the grid and corresponding cheaper when there is
renewable energy in the grid. Prices vary in fixed patterns across all days (both weekend and
weekday). A pattern that fits with the overall pattern in the renewable energy profits in the grid
(local and national). A "static time-of-use" schema with prices based on forecast.
E.g. Low tariff/price at night (typical excess of wind) and in the hours right around lunch (typical
profits from Sun). High tariff/price in boiling tip approximately at 17.00 PM -20.00 PM. Regular
price in all other time intervals.
This experiment is Self-adjustable for the families.
E.g. Visual display of when it is good to use power and/or SMS "use power at xx– xx "
• Optimizing the use of own solar power with “here-and-now”
This part can focus on optimizing the use of their own solar power at the pilot place. Extra low
price on the solar power, when there are lot of it. The community of Vejlby Vest are in focus.
The overproduction of solar power is sold cheap to the grid. There will be a real saving, which
benefits the neighborhood in Vejlby Vest.
E.g. SMS, when power is cheap. A "now and here" orientation on sunny days in the summer season.
The trick by combining these two solutions for electricity is that with we get the benefits of a regular
schedule, as people over time can adapt to and make into a fixed routine, as they do not have to think about
on a daily basis and we also get the advantage of in special situations to be able to motivate people to move
something consumption at short notice.
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3.3 SPAIN
The third pilot site is located in an urban area near to Madrid city centre. This city of 3,2 million inhabitants
in the centre area and more than 6 million including the metropolitan area enjoys a mainland Mediterranean
weather with soft winters and few rainfalls. As country’s capital, it is modern and dynamic city with strong
presence of services and industries. Below sections characterize this pilot in detail.
Figure 17: Madrid pilot site aerial view
3.3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The below table encompasses a general overview of the Madrid pilot site at the beginning of the project:
PILOT 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Project pilot name MADRID(SPAIN)
Location Calle de Costa Rica, 17-19-21, Madrid, Spain
Building Type Residential (dwellings + shared areas)
Number of buildings/customers involved in the project demonstration
3 buildings (24preselected dwellings among the total 69 individual households) + all shared areas
Potential outreach (in number of buildings/customers) Up to 200.000 households under service of Fenie Energía
PILOT 1 DESCRIPTION
Pilot overview Photos of Pilot
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Three buildings accommodate a sum of 69 individual households, each of them with its individual consumptions of electricity and gas along with the energy demand related with the shared areas of the place. Regarding the electricity consumption, there are 77 consumption monitoring points, 8being for common uses (parking, shared areas lighting, elevators, etc.) with an average consumption of 165 MWh/year, and 69 for dwellings with a total amount of 215 MWh/year of demand. On the other hand, there is a single gas consumption monitoring point for common use (heating system central boiler) with an average of 1198 MWh/year and 13 neighbors consuming gas for household use (cooking) with an average global consumption of 12 MWh/year. Taking into account the common services of the building, there exist a parking with lightning and fire prevention system, doorman office, swimming pool with pump and electric heating system, elevators and shared areas lightning. In addition, each individual dwelling has electric air conditioning, central gas heating system, and lightning, home appliances and electric kitchen. Furthermore, a few dwellings are consuming gas for household use, instead of the electric appliances.
Energy/IT Ecosystem
At this moment, there is no generation system in the building, but based on the first analysis of the operational, the residents’ association will consider installing a new solar thermal system to reduce the expenses in DHW. This way, by the last months of the first year of project, an additional energy source could be provided for RESPOND analysis. Currently, there is no system for fine-grained monitoring of the energy demand by household devices, besides the electricity and gas meters deployed by the energy supply company. During the course of the project there is an ambition to install both, smart energy consumption meters and home automation devices provided by consortium members or other. Appropriate smart metering equipment will be envisioned to disaggregate the consumption of the different energy uses, while instalment of new home automation devices will enable the adjustments of the consumption when desired. Using these IoT devices, heavy renovation of the dwellings will be avoided that will facilitate and cheapen the installation and centralized control. For the energy management, RESPOND platform will be deployed to receive consumption as inputs, perform optimization taking into account several factors like climate, forecast, energy prices, etc. while keeping user comfort, and finally undertake proper control actions on the actuating devices.
PILOT 1 TECHNICAL FEATURES
Technical system / Scope
Availability
Description existing
instalment/ available support
instalment/ support could be
provided
BMS/EMS system (for data acquisition)
√ At this moment there is no BMS/EMS System for data acquisition deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to choose/develop a system.
BMS/EMS system (possible automated control)
√ At this moment there is no BMS/EMS System for automated control deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to choose/develop a system.
Smart Meters
√
Each individual household along with the shared areas have smart meters for electrical consumption. Hourly data are sent on daily basis in form of aggregated demand.
Smart Appliances
√
At this moment there is no Smart Appliances deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to choose/develop appropriate solution.
IoT Devices/Platform √
At this moment there is no IoT devices deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to choose/develop appropriate solution.
On-site renewables √
Currently, there is no generation system in the building, but the residents’ association will consider installing a new solar thermal system to reduce the expenses of DHW.
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Energy Storage / Electric Vehicles √
At this moment there are no energy storage/electric vehicles systems in the building. The residents’ association will consider installing EV charging spots.
Demand Response Program √
At this moment there is no Demand Response program deployed in the Pilot Site. It would be part of this project to apply a corresponding program.
Variable/ToU tariffs √
There are tariffs with different prices depending on the time of use and also indexes to the wholesale markets, both for electricity and gas fostering efficiency awareness.
Energy Provider / ESCO / Network Operator
√ FEN (as consortium member) is electricity and gas provider
of the demonstration site. FEN has also access to all the data collected by the network operator (Gas Natural Fenosa).
Figure 18: Madrid pilot site general overview
Regarding the building characteristics of the 69 dwellings:
▪ Surface: 42 of 100 m2, 9 of 150 m2 and 18 of 200 m2
▪ Celling high: 2,7 m
▪ Year of construction: 1979
▪ Isolation materials: Bricks
The buildings and common areas of the project have the following characteristics:
▪ Orientation: South
▪ Situation respect other buildings: Standalone flats
▪ Full address: Costa Rica 17,19,21, Madrid, Spain
▪ Property: 62 owners and 7 tenants
3.3.2 DEVICES AND TECHNOLOGY
In other to characterize the pilot properly it is key to study the energy related devices, both the legacy ones
and also the new smart devices to be installed during the project. An appropriate identification of the
existing assets along with a correct identification of the underlaying technologies will ensure the success
of the next project tasks. It is possible to cluster them among generation devices, demand appliances,
storage equipment, home automation/BMS/IoT devices, meters/sensors and Display/GUI interfaces.
Moreover, they should be differentiated between the ones available in the shared areas and the rest
belonging to individuals’ dwellings. Further details with regards to interoperability are shown in deliverable
D1.3 Interoperability issues at pilot level.
Legacy devices in individual households:
▪ Generation devices: There is no generation devices.
▪ Demand appliances: It is outside of the scope of this task to identify all the existing appliances in
the pilot (although there is furthers details per individual dwelling in the annex I of this document)
so this document will focus on the devices with biggest energy consumption along with the ones
that offer more possibilities for DR actions.
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These are the appliances that can be found in most households taking part in the project:
- Kitchen equipment: Fridge, oven, washing machine, induction cooker, dishwasher,
microwave oven, bread toaster, coffee maker, etc
- Cleaning/housekeeping equipment: Vacuum cleaner, iron, etc.
- Toilet equipment: Electric toothbrush, hair dryer, razor etc.
- Entertainment: PC, laptop, videogames console, TV, VCR, DVD, stereo, Phone, mobile
phone, tablet, etc
- HVAC: Air conditioning, electric heater, fan, etc.
- Lightning: ceiling lights, lamps, etc.
▪ Storage equipment: There is no storage equipment.
▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: There is no BMS or smart devices.
▪ Meters/sensors: Nowadays there are on-place these meters related with energy consumptions:
Power meter Sagecom model cx1000-6es, water meters (both hot and cold water) Istameter radio
net 3/Ista powered by batteries and a calorimeter brand Apator model etf TCM 311 powered by
batteries as well. All of them have remote access possibilities through proprietary protocols. Besides
that, there are temperature sensors regarding air conditioning and heating regulation in the
dwellings. These sensors are used to fix the temperature references for air cooling (through air
conditioner systems) and heating (through central boiler heating system) according to user
preferences in each household. Sensors are only connected with their respective system and
unfortunately, they don’t have any remote communication capabilities.
Figure 19: Madrid's several installed meters
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▪ Display GUI interfaces: Available displays in Madrid dwellings are related with the above
descripted sensors. There are small displays in the climate systems to fix the temperature reference
and to adjust the operation mode. As discussed before there is no possible connectivity.
Legacy devices in shared areas:
▪ Generation devices: There is no generation devices.
▪ Demand appliances: In the shared areas there are appliances regarding lighting (indoor and outdoor),
lifts, and outdoor (un climatized) swimming pool.
▪ Storage equipment: There is no storage equipment.
▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: Currently there is a BMS on place for the central heating boiler
control. A Trend IQ251 BMS system takes care of the adequate performance of the boiler.
Figure 20: Madrid central boiler BMS
▪ Meters/sensors: The central boiler systems have several temperature, pressure and flow sensors
connected to the boiler BMS. The 3 buildings of the pilot have electricity consumption meters
cx2000-9/Sagecom property of the electricity DSO and Istameter radio net 3/Ista water meters for
common areas loads. There is also a gas consumption meter for the central boiler model IM-RM
G100 DIN Dresser brand. Shared transit areas within the pilot have installed human presence
detector to control lightning.
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Figure 21: Madrid central boiler gas meter
▪ Display GUI interfaces: The central boiler BMS systems has a TREND NDP Control Display Panel
for local tuning and data/parameters visualization.
New devices intended to be installed in individual households:
▪ Generation devices: No generation devices to be installed.
▪ Demand appliances: No new demand appliances will be installed.
▪ Storage equipment: No storage equipment to be installed.
▪ Home automation/BMS/IoT devices: During the project it is intended to install the following
Energomonitor products: Smart plug (Plugsense) to allow on/off remote actions on the designed
appliance, Thermostat (Thermosense) for local and remote adjustment of comfort temperature level
and the gateway (Homebase) to centralize communications between all Energomonitor devices and
sensors. This last one will allow remote web access and control through an API of all the new
devices to be installed.
▪ Meters/sensors: Energomonitor will provide energy consumptions related sensors such as: Power
meter (Powersense) to remotely obtain electricity consumption measures in the desired electric
circuit, Power meter (Optosense) to remotely read from the electricity supplier company meter, Gas
meter (Relaysense gas) to remotely read from the gas supplier company meter and Water meter
(Relaysense water) to remotely read from the water supplier company meter. Furthermore, it is
planned to install also a thermometer sensor (Thermosense) to monitor inhouse temperature. The
above paragraph described Smart plug, in addition to its action capabilities, will monitor electricity
consumption in the specific appliance. All Energomonitor sensors will provide measures each
minute to be remotely transmitted through an API. Except the Plugsense all the devices are battery-
powered for an easier installation.
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Figure 22: Energomonitor's products range
▪ Display GUI interfaces: Energomonitor’s Portasight battery-powered display will be installed in the
trials participant households to provide real time insight about energy consumptions and
temperature to their inhabitants.
New devices intended to be installed in shared areas:
▪ Generation devices: During RESPOND project a thermosolar system will be installed in Madrid
pilot site to test platform solution against new modern generation assets and study the energy related
behaviour changes in trials participants. According to the technical studies done the suitable
thermosolar system for the pilot has the main characteristics described below:
- 30 high performance solar thermal collectors. HELIOPLAN DB 70 m2
- WILO pumping kit
- 4 DHW 1500l storage tanks
- 80 kW heat exchanger
- Solar regulation control unit + sensor + web server Siemens
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Figure 23: Thermosolar system diagram
▪ Demand appliances: No new demand appliances will be installed.
▪ Storage equipment: Hot water generated by the thermosolar system will be stored in tanks to suppl