CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell

membrane)

ORGANELLE-small structure with a specific function (job)

Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html

Image from: http://faculty.stcc.cc.tn.us/jiwilliams/labprojectsmenu.htm

Organelles suspended in gel-like goo

NUCLEUS

Surrounded by NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

(also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE)

DOUBLE MEMBRANE

Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/5_11.GIF

NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR PORES Openings to allow molecules to move in and out of nucleusImage from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html

WHAT DOES IT DO?Contains genetic material (DNA)

DNA is spread out as CHROMATINin non-dividing cells

DNA is scrunched up as CHROMOSOMES

in dividing cells

WHAT DOES IT DO?

Control center of cell

Image from:

Genetic code tells the cell’s parts what to do

Image from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

NUCLEOLUS

Dark spot in nucleus = __________

Makes RNA for ribosomes

Image from: http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~babiarz/histo/cell/nuc3L.jpg

NUCLEOLUS

CYTOSKELETON• Helps cell maintain shape

• Help move organelles around

Made of PROTEINS:

MICROFILAMENTS (Actin) & MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)

Image from: http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm

Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

CENTRIOLES

Appear during cell division to guide chromosomes apart

MITOCHONDRIASurrounded by a

DOUBLE membrane

Folded inner membrane increases surface areafor more chemical reactions

Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe

Has its own DNA

WHAT DOES IT DO?

Burns glucose to release energy

Stores energy as ATP

“Powerplant of cell”

Images from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/mito.html

http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

Image by: Riedell

RIBOSOMES

•Made of PROTEINS and RNA

•Protein factory for cellJoin amino acids to make proteins

Image from: http://www.ust.hk/roundtable/hi-tech.series/1_b1.jpg

Image by: RIedell

RIBOSOMES

Can be attached to Rough ER

OR

free in cytoplasm

Image from: http://www.mccc.edu/~chorba/celldiagram.htm

Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/endoplasmic.jpe

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

• Has RIBOSOMESattached

• Proteins are made on ribosomes and inserted into Rough ER to be modified and transported

Image from: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/cells/ER.jpg

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth

ER)

• Has NO ribosomes attached

• Has enzymes for special tasks

Image from: http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0073.JPG

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth

ER)Image from:http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20eight/smooth%20er.gif

•Makes membrane lipids (steroids) •Regulates calcium (muscle cells) •Destroys toxic substances (Liver)

GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)• Pancake like

membrane stacks

Modify, sort, & packagemolecules from ERfor storage OR transport out of cell

Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h

Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h

Image from: http://www.rsbs.anu.edu

LYSOSOMES

Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINScalled digestive enzymes

Animation from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/lysosomes.html

Digest food, unwanted molecules, old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc

FLAGELLA

Help in cell movement

CILIA

Move cell itself

Animation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm

CILIA

Move substances past cells

http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe

WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT PLANT CELLS?

• Cell wall

• HUGE vacuoles

• Chloroplasts

• No centrioles

Plant vs Animal cells

CELL WALLSupports and

protects cell

Outside of cell membrane

Made of carbohydrates & proteins

Plant cell walls are mainly _____________CELLULOSE

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/kids_space/images/brick_wall.jpg

VACUOLES

• Storage space for WATER, salts, proteins (enzymes), carbohydrates, and waste

Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLSNO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA

Image from: http://www.metoliusfriends.org/csca/images/tupperware.jpg

CHLOROPLASTS

• Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)

http://stallion.abac.peachnet.edu/sm/kmccrae/BIOL2050/Ch1-13/JpegArt1-13/04jpeg/04-28_chloroplasts_1.jpg

http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~tstork/compass.rose/photosynthesis/chloro_sun_bathing.gif

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Nuclearenvelope

Ribosome(attached)

Ribosome(free)

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrion

Cell wall

CellMembrane

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT BACTERIAL CELLS?

• Cell wall

• NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

• DNA is circular

• No membrane bound organelles

http://www.eurekascience.com/ICanDoThat/bacteria_cells.htm

See video

BACTERIA have a CELL WALL BUT…

IT’S MADE OF DIFFERENT

MOLECULESthan plant cell walls!

_______________ NOT CELLULOSE!

More on this in Chapter 18!

Image from: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg

PEPTIDOGLYCAN

WHICH IS BIGGER?

_________ > _____________ > ___________Plant cell Animal cell bacteria

DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL BACTERIA

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane

Nuclear membrane

Nuclear membrane

NO nuclear membrane

NO cell wall Cell wall made of

CELLULOSE

Cell wall made ofPEPTIDOGLYCAN

Has ribosomes Has ribosomes Has ribosomes

DNA in multiple chromosomes

DNA in multiple chromosomes

DNA is a single circular ring

CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON

Small vacuoles Really big vacuole

NO vacuoles

Has lysosomes Has lysosomes NO lysosomes

Has centrioles NO centrioles NO centrioles

NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts NO chloroplasts

SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST

BACTERIA arePROKARYOTES

PLANTS & ANIMALSare EUKARYOTES

No membrane bound organelles

Organelles with membranes

USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANKS TO COMPLETE THE VENN DIAGRAM COMPARISON