Hazardous Substances Data Bank, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/

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CYCLOATECASRN: 1134-23-2For other data, click on the Table of Contents

Human Health Effects:

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

Irritating to skin and eyes ... . [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-328]**PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

Herbicides, such as cycloate, can be absorbed into the body by three routes: dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion(1). [(1) Parmeggiani L; Encycl Occup Health and Safety 3rd ed Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office pp. 1034-1040 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Emergency Medical Treatment:

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The following Overview, *** CARBAMATE HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.Life Support:

o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted.Clinical Effects:

0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to these agents does not result in cholinergic findings. Historically, systemic poisoning by these agents has been very rare. Reported toxic manifestations have included CNS depression, seizures, extrapyramidal effects, neuropathy, and gastrointestinal effects of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. B) These agents are often compounded with hydrocarbon-based solvents, which may be responsible for toxicity. 0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR 0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) A disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, sweating, headache, weakness, tachycardia and hypotension) may be noted when ethanol is ingested following exposure to large amounts of thiram or possibly MBDT-CARB compounds. 1) The disulfiram-like reaction following ethanol ingestion does not appear to occur with the CARB, T-CARB, or the EBDT-CARB compounds. 0.2.6 RESPIRATORY 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Respiratory failure, requiring ventilatory support, has been reported following ingestions. 0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to thiram or MBDT-CARB (based on animal studies) may cause weakness, ataxia, ascending paralysis and hypothermia. B) Peripheral neuropathy (pain, numbness and weakness of the extremities) has been noted following exposure to thiuram (the ethyl analog of thiram). 0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL

0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur. 0.2.10 GENITOURINARY 0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Two cases of renal failure following maneb exposure have been reported in Japan. 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to dusts, sprays, solutions, wettable powder suspensions or emulsions of these agents may lead to skin and mucous membrane irritation. 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS A) No adverse reproductive effects (testicular parameters) in male mice were observed following methyl thiophanate doses up to 1000 mg/kg orally for 5 consecutive days (Traina et al, 1998). Maternal toxicity was evident in female rats. 0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY 0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS137-26-8 (IARC, 2004): 1) IARC Classification a) Listed as: Thiram b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. 0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY A) Neither PROPOXUR nor DITHANE M-45 was clastogenic in mice (Vasudev & Krishnamurthy, 1994). B) ETU is not believed to be genotoxic to mammals (Elia et al, 1995).Laboratory:

A) Blood levels are not clinically useful.

B) No specific laboratory work (CBC, electrolytes, urinalysis) is needed unless otherwise indicated, ie, severe vomiting and diarrhea, etc.Treatment Overview:

0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures. B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. C) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion. D) INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS may be useful in restoring extracellular fluid volume following severe vomiting and diarrhea. E) OXYGEN THERAPY is effective in relieving the distress of ANTABUSE-LIKE REACTIONS rarely associated with exposure to thiram and possibly the MBDT-CARB compounds. F) NO SPECIFIC ANTIDOTES ARE AVAILABLE for poisoning by these compounds. G) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. 0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash

exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.Range of Toxicity:

A) Persons sensitive to thiram may develop dermal reactions following minimal exposure. With this exception, systemic toxicity of these compounds is generally low. B) LD50 values range from 400 mg/kg (nabam and diallate) to 34,000 mg/kg for terbucarb.

[Rumack BH POISINDEX(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds): TOMES(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004.]**PEER REVIEWED**

Animal Toxicity Studies:

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:

CYCLOATE IS TOXIC TO GERMINATING WEED SEEDS ... . IN 90 DAY FEEDING STUDIES, NO TOXIC SYMPTOM WAS NOTED IN DOGS RECEIVING LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 240 MG/KG DAILY. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

90 DAY DIETARY FEED STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN RATS. NO-EFFECT LEVEL WAS ESTABLISHED @ 55 MG/KG/DAY. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 124]**PEER REVIEWED**

A SINGLE DOSE OF 1000 MG/KG RO-NEET WAS INJECTED INTO STOMACHS OF WHITE RATS. ACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS LIVER & KIDNEY ENZYMES WERE STUDIED. NO DIRECT RELATIONSHIP WAS FOUND BETWEEN CONTENT & CHANGES. [OSTROUHKOVA VA ET AL; GIG SANIT 43 (6): 65-7 (1978)]**PEER REVIEWED**

/CYCLOATE/ INHIBITS GROWTH IN THE MERISTEMATIC REGION OF THE LEAVES OF GRASS WEEDS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

Non-Human Toxicity Values:

LD50 RABBIT PERCUTANEOUS >4640 MG/KG [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat (male) oral 2000-3190 mg/kg [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat (female) oral 3160-4100 mg/kg [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Rat (female) inhalation 90 mg/l/1 hr [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983. 1045]**PEER REVIEWED**

Ecotoxicity Values:

LC50 RAINBOW TROUT 4.5 MG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/ [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 BOBWHITE QUAIL FEED TREATMENT >56000 PPM/7 DAY /RO-NEET 6E/ [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 124]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Mosquito fish 10 ppm/96 hr /RO-NEET 6E/ /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/ [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 124]**PEER REVIEWED**

Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:

Metabolism/Metabolites:

ETHYLCYCLOHEXYLAMINE WAS FOUND AS A METABOLITE /OF CYCLOATE/ IN RAT URINE, PROVIDING DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR CLEAVAGE @ THE CARBONYL CARBON & NITROGEN BOND IN THE THIOCARBAMATE MOLECULE. [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 340]**PEER REVIEWED**

MOUSE LIVER MICROSOME NADPH SYSTEM SHOWED SULFOXIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCT OF CYCLOATE. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978.261]**PEER REVIEWED**

CYCLOATE IS RAPIDLY METABOLIZED IN THE ROOTS & LEAVES OF SUGARBEETS TO ETHYL-CYCLOHEXYLAMINE, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMINO ACIDS, SUGARS ... . [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

... THE URINARY METABOLITES INCL CYCLOHEXYLAMINE & DICYCLOHEXYLAMINE ... . [Hayes, Wayland J., Jr. Pesticides Studied in Man. Baltimore/London: Williams and Wilkins, 1982. 539]**PEER REVIEWED**

Thiocarbamates are detected in the liver of mice 20 min after ip treatment with EPTC, molinate, pebulate, and vernolate at 1 mmole/kg but not after administration of benthiocarb, butylate, or cycloate. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978.260]**PEER REVIEWED**

((l4)CO)Thiolcarbamates were administered to rats. Relatively large amounts of (l4)CO2, as compared to (l4)C in the urine, were expired. Analyses of urine, feces and liver indicated that these compounds were metabolized via two pathways. One pathway produced larger amounts of (l4)CO2 from thiolcarbamates than from the sulfoxide derivatives and their GSH and cysteine conjugates. In the other pathway, metabolism of a thiolcarbamate proceeded via the sulfoxide and S-(N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl)glutathione. Degradation of the glutathione conjugate produced the corresponding cysteine conjugate, mercapturic acid and mercaptoacetic acid. The appropriate mercapturic acids were seen in urine when benthiocarb, cycloate, molinate and pebulate were administered to rats. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980. 510]**PEER REVIEWED**

Accelerated S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate degradation was confirmed in a mixed culture of microorganisms derived from a soil with enhanced degradation (history soil) by using (14)C-labeled S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate. The antibacterial agent chloramphenicol markedly suppressed (14)CO2 evolution while the antifungal agent cycloheximide did not, suggesting that soil bacteria play a significant role in enhanced S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate degradation. A fast S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate bacterial degrader (FD1) strain and a slower one (SD1), which were isolated by a soil enrichment technique from a history soil, were capable of utilizng S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate as a sole carbon source. Vernolate, butylate or cycloate were also degraded by these bacteria in a pattern similar to that in a soil with enhanced degradation. Inoculation of nonhistory soil with FD1 strain induced accelerated degradation of the herbicide in soil at rates similar to those in field soils exhibiting S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate accelerated degradation. [Tal A et al; J Agric Food Chem 38 (4): 1100-05 (1990)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:

USING (14)C-RING-LABELED CYCLOATE /IT WAS/ REPORTED THAT ABOUT 82% OF THE RADIOACTIVITY WAS EXCRETED IN RAT URINE & REMAINDER IN FECES. NO SIGNIFICANT AMT OF RADIOACTIVITY WERE FOUND IN RESP CO2, INDICATING THAT THE CYCLOHEXYL RING WAS NOT BROKEN. [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 339]**PEER REVIEWED**

CYCLOATE IS RAPIDLY ABSORBED BY LEAVES ... . WHEN APPLIED TO SOIL, CYCLOATE IS RAPIDLY TAKEN UP BY THE ROOTS OF SUGARBEETS & TRANSLOCATED UPWARD TO THE STEMS & LEAVES. ... NO UNCHANGED CYCLOATE COULD BE DETECTED 3 DAYS AFTER TREATMENT SHOWING THAT IT DOES NOT PERSIST AT ALL IN PLANTS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

... /IN/ RING-LABELED CYCLOATE IN SUGARBEETS ... (14)C WAS INCORPORATED INTO CO2 & A NUMBER OF NATURAL PLANT CONSTITUENTS INCL GLYCINE, ASPARAGINE, PROLINE, ALANINE, VALINE, LEUCINE, PHENYLALANINE, SUCROSE, GLUCOSE, & CELLULOSE. NO UNCHANGED CYCLOATE COULD BE FOUND IN SUGARBEETS 3 DAYS AFTER APPLICATION. [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 335]**PEER REVIEWED**

AFTER INTRAGASTRIC ADMIN OF 1000 MG/KG CYCLOATE IN RATS, CYCLOATE BLOOD CONCN WERE 3.16 UG/ML AFTER 30 MIN, 10 UG/ML

AFTER 1-6 HR, & 1.56 UG/ML AFTER 18 HR. SHOWS RAPID GI TRACT RESORPTION, & RAPID ELIMINATION FROM ORGANISM. HIGHEST CONCN WERE FOUND IN LUNGS, KIDNEYS, LIVER, HEART & SPLEEN AFTER 1 HR, & IN BRAIN AFTER 2 HR. A SECOND MAXIMUM WAS FOUND IN SPLEEN & LUNGS AFTER 3 HR. CYCLOATE WAS NOT FOUND IN ORGANS & BLOOD AFTER 24 HR. [ALEKSANDROVA LG; GIG SANIT 10: 29 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

... Not absorbed percutaneously. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-328]**PEER REVIEWED**

Absorbed by the roots and coleoptiles, with translocation acropetally to the stems and leaves. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Pharmacology:

Environmental Fate & Exposure:

Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:

Cycloate's use as a herbicide will result in its release to the environment through various herbicidal applications. If released to soil, the expected mobility of cycloate is medium to slow and considerable volatilization should occur (65% after 6 hrs in one soil). Rapid biodegradation occurs with soil microoganisms. If released to water, cycloate will volatilize slowly. Mineralization of cycloate does not occur to any great extent in lakewater and sewage but it does undergo cometabolism to organic products. Aquatic bioconcentration and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important fate processes. If released to the atmosphere, cycloate will exist primarily in the vapor phase. In the vapor phase, it will degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 10 hours. Exposure to cycloate can occur through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

Herbicides, such as cycloate, can be absorbed into the body by three routes: dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion(1).

[(1) Parmeggiani L; Encycl Occup Health and Safety 3rd ed Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office pp. 1034-1040 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Artificial Pollution Sources:

cycloate's use as a herbicide(1) will result in its release to the environment through various herbicidal applications(SRC). [(1) Farm Chemicals Handbook Willoughby, OH: Meister, p. C-199 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Fate:

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Cycloate will have medium to low soil mobility(1) based on experimental and estimated Koc values ranging from 185 to 598(2-6,19). In a study of 6 Hungarian soils in a laboratory, cycloate was found to have 0.1-24% loss (volatilization rates: 0.46-10 ug/sq cm hour) due to volatilization after 8 hours(7). Adsorption constants for cycloate ranged from 2.2 to 9.1 in the same six soils(7). Volatilization loss of cycloate after spray application to the surface of moist loamy sand was 3.9-5.6% after 30 minutes, 26% after 2 hours, and 65% after 6 hours(8). Cycloate was found at a maximum depth of 6-9 inches in a leaching study using four different soils(8). Cycloate adsorbed 13.4 to 89.4% in five different soils after 12 hours(9). Cycloate was lost 3.1 to 9.0% via volatilization from 5 different soils after 1 hour at 40 deg C(9). Cycloate undergoes rapid biodegradation by soil microorganisms(8,10,11). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Meylan WM et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 459-65 (1992) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Hamaker JW, Thompson JM; Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment. Goring, CAI, Hamaker JN Eds. 1: 49-144 (1972) (5) Kenaga EE; Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 4:26-38 (1980) (6) Lohninger H; Chemosphere 29: 1611-26 (1994) (7) Ekler Z; Pestic Sci 22: 145-57 (1988) (8) Gray RA, Weierich AJ; Proc 9th Brit Weed Conf pp. 94-101 (1968) (9) Koren E et al; Weed Sci 17: 148-53 (1969) (10) Sabijic A; Environ Sci Technol 21: 358-66 (1987) (10) Casida JF et al; Sci 184: 574-4 (1974) (11) Czulakow SA, Zarasow SU; Rocz Gllebozn 26: 179-84 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

AQUATIC FATE: S-ethyl cyclohexylethylcarbamothioate will volatilize slowly from water(1) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.7x10(-6) atm cu m/mol(SRC). Aquatic bioconcentration and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC). [(1) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods Washington DC: Amer Chem Soc p.15-15 to 15-29 (1990)]**PEER REVIEWED**

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on an experimental vapor pressure of approximately 2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C(1), cycloate will exist primarily in the vapor phase in the

ambient atmosphere(2). In the vapor phase, it will degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 10 hrs(3). [(1) Koren E et al; Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 4: 26-38 (1980) (2) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-7 (1988) (3) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-9(1993)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Biodegradation:

... DISAPPEARANCE OF ... CYCLOATE ... FROM NONAUTOCLAVED SOIL WAS MUCH FASTER THAN FROM AUTOCLAVED SOIL. TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER DISAPPEARANCE...IS DUE SOLELY TOMICROBIAL BREAKDOWN & NOT VOLATILIZATION ... STORED SAMPLES IN SEALED CONTAINERS. RATE OF DECOMP ... 20% IN AUTOCLAVED SOIL & 60% IN NONAUTOCLAVED SOIL AFTER 3 MO OF STORAGE. ISOLATION OR IDENTIFICATION OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS CAPABLE OF DEGRADING THIOCARBAMATE & DITHIOCARBAMATE HERBICIDES HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED, NOR HAS ... MECHANISM OF MICROBIAL DEGRADATION BEEN DETERMINED. ... THIOCARBAMATE MOLECULE IS PROBABLY HYDROLYZED @ ESTER LINKAGE WITH FORMATION OF MERCAPTAN, CO2, & AMINE ... . [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 338]**PEER REVIEWED**

MICROBIAL BREAKDOWN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR A LARGE PART OF THE DISAPPEARANCE ... FROM SOILS WHEN INCORPORATED IN THE SOIL TO A DEPTH OF 2-3 IN. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

Thiocarbamates, such as cycloate, undergo rapid biodegradation(1). Cycloate was not mineralized to any significant extent in sewage or lakewater, but it was metabolized to organic products(2). When incorporated 3 inches deep into moist loam at a temperature of 70-80 deg C, 83% of cycloate disappeared in 70 days(3). At 40 deg C only 32% loss occurred(3). In dry soil at 70-80 deg C, only 9% loss occurred(3). Autoclaving the soils greatly increased the persistence of cycloate indicating that microbial degradation is important(3). Cycloate does not decrease the number or biochemical activity of soil organisms(4). Degradation of herbicides, such as cycloate, is mainly accomplished by soil microorganisms(4). [(1) Casida JF et al; Sci 184: 573-4 (1974) (2) Novick NJ, Alexander M; Appl Environ Microbiol 49: 737-43 (1985) (3) Gray RA, Weierich AJ; Proc 9th Brit Weed Conf pp. 94-101 (1968) (4) Czulakow SA, Zarasow SU; Rocz Gllebozn 26: 179-84 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Abiotic Degradation:

PHOTODEGRADATION OF CYCLOATE WAS OBSERVED IN HEXANE, FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO UV. DIPROPYLAMINE, ETHYL MERCAPTAN, AND ETHYL DISULFIDE WERE IDENTIFIED AS PHOTOLYSIS PRODUCTS. [DEMARCO AC, HAYES ER; CHEMOSPHERE 8 (5): 321-6 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED**

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cycloate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be approximately 3.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Cycloate does not appear to be degraded by photolysis(2). Cycloate photodecomposed at an initial rate of 0.02 moles/min after exposure to ultraviolet light (280-300 nm) in hexane at various periods of exposure(2). [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-9 (1993) (2) DeMarco AC, Hayes ER; Chemosphere 5: 321-6 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Bioconcentration:

Based upon an experimental water solubility of 85 mg/l(1), the BCF of cycloate can be estimated to be approximately 50 from a regression-derived equation(2). Based on this BCF value, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). [(1) Shiu WY et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 21: 358-66 (1990) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds. Washington DC: American Chemical Society pp. 5-10 (1990)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Soil Adsorption/Mobility:

CYCLOATE IS QUITE RESISTANT TO LEACHING IN HEAVY CLAY SOILS & HIGH ORG SOILS. INLOAMY SAND IT LEACHED DOWNWARD 3-6 IN WITH 8 IN OF WATER. CYCLOATE LEACHED LESS THAN EPTC & PEBULATE. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes, the Koc for cycloate can be estimated to be about 183(1). The Koc for cycloate can be estimated to be about 379 based on an estimated water solubility of 85 mg/L(3) and a regression derived equation(2). Koc has been experimentally determined to be 345(4,5). Koc has also been calculated to be 427(6) based on chemical structure. According to a suggested classification scheme(7), these estimated Koc values suggest that soil mobility is medium. Cycloate was found at a maximum depth of 6-9 inches in a leaching study using four different soils(8).

[(1) Meylan WM et al; Environ Sci Technol 28: 459-65(1992) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (3) Shiu WY et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 21: 358-66 (1990) (4) Hamaker JW, Thompson JM; Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment. Goring, CAI, Hamaker JN Eds. 1: 49-144 (1972) (5) Kenaga EE; Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 4:26-38 (1980) (6) Lohninger H; Chemosphere 29: 1611-26 (1994) (7) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (8) Gray RA, Weierich AJ; Proc 9th Brit Weed Conf pp. 94-101 (1968)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Volatilization from Water/Soil:

VOLATILIZATION IS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR LOSS OF THIOCARBAMATE ... FROM SOIL. ... VOLATILIZATION FROM DRY SOIL WAS MUCH LESS & WAS NOT AFFECTED SIGNIFICANTLY BY TEMP ... AFTER SURFACE APPLICATION. OF 5 HERBICIDES TESTED, CYCLOATE WAS LEAST VOLATILE, FOLLOWED BY MOLINATE, PEBULATE, VERNOLATE, & EPTC ... . [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 335]**PEER REVIEWED**

Based on an experimental water solubility of 85 mg/l(1) and an experimental vapor pressure of 2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), the Henry's Law constant for S-ethyl cyclohexylethylcarbamothioate can be calculated to be 6.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates that S-ethyl cyclohexylethylcarbamothioate volatilizes slowly(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 8.2 days(2). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental lake (1 meter deep) can be estimated to be about 64 days(2). [(1) Shiu WY et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 21: 358-66 (1990) (2) Koren E et al; Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 4: 26-38 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Water Concentrations:

DRINKING WATER: Cycloate was detected in 7 out of 271 wells at concentrations below the maximum contaminant levels although no concentrations were reported(1). [(1) USEPA; Pesticides in Gourndwater database: A compilation of monitoring studies, 1971-1991. National Summary. Washington, DC: USEPA, Off Pest Programs Prevention Pesticides and Toxic Substances. USEPA-734/12-92-001 (1992)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Sediment/Soil Concentrations:

UNDER CROP GROWING CONDITIONS, CYCLOATE HAS HALF-LIFE OF 4-8 WK IN SEVERAL SOILS. IN A LOAM SOIL @ 70-80 DEG F THE HALF-LIFE WAS 3.5 WK. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 124]**QC REVIEWED**

Environmental Standards & Regulations:

FIFRA Requirements:

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Cycloate is found on List B. Case No: 2125; Pesticide type: herbicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): S-Ethyl N-ethylcyclohexanecarbamothioate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 04/05/91, 10/18/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner. [USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review p.169 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002]**QC REVIEWED**

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide S-ethyl cyclohexylethylthiocarbamate in or on the raw agricultural commodities garden beets (roots and tops), spinach, and sugar beets (roots and tops). [40 CFR 180.212 (7/1/94)]**PEER REVIEWED**

CERCLA Reportable Quantities:

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb (statutory). The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan

area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). [40 CFR 302.4 (7/1/95)]**PEER REVIEWED**

RCRA Requirements:

U386; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when cycloate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). [40 CFR 261.33 (7/1/95)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Allowable Tolerances:

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide S-ethyl cyclohexylethylthiocarbamate in or on the raw agricultural commodities garden beets (roots and tops), spinach, and sugar beets (roots and tops) at 0.05 ppm (negligible residue). [40 CFR 180.212 (7/1/94)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Chemical/Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula:

C11-H21-N-O-S [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Molecular Weight:

215.39 [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file.p. 85/8408]**PEER REVIEWED**

Color/Form:

CLEAR LIQUID [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

CLEAR AMBER TO YELLOW [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1984. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister Publishing Co., 1984.,p. C-199]**PEER REVIEWED**

Oily [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 1035]**PEER REVIEWED**

Colorless liquid [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Odor:

AROMATIC [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Boiling Point:

145 DEG C AT 10 MM HG [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Melting Point:

11.5 deg C [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Corrosivity:

Noncorrosive [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

Density/Specific Gravity:

1.016 @ 30 DEG C/4 DEG C [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Solubilities:

SOLUBILITY @ 20 DEG C: 75 MG/L WATER; MISCIBLE WITH ACETONE, BENZENE, ETHANOL, KEROSENE, 4-METHYLPENTAN-2-ONE, XYLENE. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Miscible with ... methanol ... isopropanol. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Spectral Properties:

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5054 @ 30 DEG C/D [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Vapor Pressure:

830 MILLIPASCALS @ 25 DEG C [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Other Chemical/Physical Properties:

Amber liquid /Technical cycloate/ [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C-98]**PEER REVIEWED**

Supercools readily [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Chemical Safety & Handling:

DOT Emergency Guidelines:

Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

Fire or explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters'

protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large fires: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

Spill or leak: Eliminate all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINER. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves. /Trichloroacetic acid; Trichloroacetic acid, solution/

[U.S. Department of Transportation. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook. RSPA P 5800.8 Edition. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000,p. G-153]**QC REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

Irritating to skin and eyes ... . [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-328]**PEER REVIEWED**

Fire Potential:

Fire point: 149 deg C [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

Flash Point:

139 DEG C (TAG OPEN CUP) [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

Fire Fighting Procedures:

/Wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode /when fighting fire/. [Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.5]**PEER REVIEWED**

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water

from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos, (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Protective Equipment & Clothing:

DO ALL LABORATORY SAMPLING, MIXING, WEIGHING, ETC, UNDER ... FUME REMOVAL DEVICE IN AREA HAVING GOOD FORCED VENTILATION OF NONRECIRCULATED AIR, OR WEAR GAS MASK OF PROPER TYPE. ... WEAR CLEAN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND NONPERMEABLE GLOVES (SUCH AS POLYETHYLENE GLOVES) AS NECESSARY. /51.041: SPECIAL CHEMICAL HAZARDS/ [Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 10th ed. and supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1965. New editions through 13th ed. plus supplements, 1982.p. 13/121]**PEER REVIEWED**

Chemical tight goggles; impervious gloves and apron. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C-98]**PEER REVIEWED**

Respirator selection, upper limit devices recommended by NIOSH. For concn up to 50 mg/cu m, use any supplied air respirator; or any self-contained breathing apparatus. For concn up to 125 mg/cu m, use any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. For concn up to 250 mg/cu m, use any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece; or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. For concn up to 600 mg/cu m, use any supplied-air respirator with a half-mask and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. For emergency or planned entry into unknown concentration or IDLH conditions, use any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode; or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape conditions use, any air-purifying full facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style or front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter; or any appropriate escape-type self-contained breathing apparatus. [NIOSH. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. 2nd Printing. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 85-114. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, NIOSH/Supt. of Documents, GPO, February 1987.71]**PEER REVIEWED**

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with carbaryl or liquids containing carbaryl. [Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.3]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid); carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Carbamate pesticide, liquid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.133]**PEER REVIEWED**

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec); Carbamate pesticide, solid, nos (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Preventive Measures:

DO ALL LABORATORY SAMPLING, MIXING, WEIGHING, ETC, UNDER ... FUME REMOVAL DEVICE IN AREA HAVING GOOD FORCED VENTILATION OF NONRECIRCULATED AIR ... KEEP OFF SKIN. ... WASH THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP AND WATER TO AVOID CONTAMINATING FOOD AND SMOKING MATERIALS. /51.041: SPECIAL CHEMICAL HAZARDS/ [Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 10th ed. and supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1965. New editions through 13th ed. plus supplements, 1982.p. 13/121]**PEER REVIEWED**

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. **PEER REVIEWED**

Stability/Shelf Life:

STABLE, 50% UNCHANGED GREATER THAN 10 YR AT 70 DEG C. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hydrolyzed by strong acids and alkalis. Thermally stable. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Stable to heating to 100 deg C for 16 hr. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C-98]**PEER REVIEWED**

Storage Conditions:

Store away from feed, foodstuffs and out of the reach of children. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C-98]**PEER REVIEWED**

Cleanup Methods:

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 2. ... LARGE QUANTITIES MAY BE RECLAIMED; HOWEVER, IF THIS IS NOT PRACTICAL, DISSOLVE IN FLAMMABLE SOLVENT (SUCH AS ALCOHOL) & ATOMIZE IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. [Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.). NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Jan. 1981.]**PEER REVIEWED**

A system for removing pesticides from the wash water produced by pesticide applicators as they clean their equipment has been developed. The first step is the flocculation/coagulation and sedimentation of the pesticide-contaminated wash water. The supernatant from the first step is then passed through activated carbon columns. /Pesticides/ [Nye JC; ACS Symp Ser 259 (Treat Disposal Pestic Wastes): 153-60 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, liquid)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Water spill: If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Carbaryl (agricultural insecticides, nec, other than liquid); Carbaryl (insecticides, other than agricultural, nec)/ [Association of American Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, D.C.: Assoc. of American Railroads, Hazardous Materials Systems (BOE), 1987.134]**PEER REVIEWED**

Disposal Methods:

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/ [40 CFR 165 (7/1/88)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer

or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/ [40 CFR 165 (7/1/88)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hydrolysis & landfill: For each 2.265 kg of actual carbaryl, add 0.906 kg of flake caustic (sodium hydroxide) (this amt was stated to be a 50% excess over the minimum required) and allow about 24 hr for completion of the reaction. The first step of the degradation would be: aryl-O-CO-NHR + H2O --- NaOH ---> aryl-OH- + (HO-CO-NHR). The carbamic acid at the right would decompose to the amine and carbon dioxide in neutral soln, or to sodium carbonate in excess base. In excess base the phenol would be converted to the salt, that is, NaO-aryl. Phenolic decomposition products of some carbamate pesticides may, under some circumstances, persist in the environment and harm specific ecosystems. ... Hence, the hydrolysis should be followed by soil burial of the products in disposal. [United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985. 128]**PEER REVIEWED**

The heavy residue solid wastes are burned. One shutdown for cleaning is made per year, but numerous maintenance cleanups are made and the washings go to the process waste treatment system. Carbaryl may be disposed of: 1) By making packages of carbaryl in paper or other flammable material and burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 2) By dissolving carbaryl in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) and atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Recommendable methods: Alkaline hydrolysis, landfill & incineration. Peer-review: Use 1 part by weight NaOH /sodium hydroxide/ (as a 10% wt/vol soln in 50% ethanol:water) per 4 parts of carbaryl plus 50% excess of NaOH. Leave for 24 hr. Dissolve carbaryl in flammable solvent such as ethanol, then spray the soln in an incinerator with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985)) [United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985. 129]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hydrolysis & landfill: Under the influence of sunlight, the reversal reaction of carbaryl to 1-naphthol and methylisocyanate (CH3NCO) has been found to take place. Methylisocyanate is a poisonous and highly reactive substance. Accordingly, carbaryl should always be submitted to alkaline hydrolysis before disposal. For the decontamination of carbaryl containers triple rinse and use of a rinse soln containing caustic soda and detergent may be considered. "Triple rinse" means the flushing of containers three times, each time using a volume of the normal diluent equal to approx ten percent of the container's capacity, and adding the rinse liquid to the spray mixture or disposing of it by a method prescribed for disposing of the pesticide.

[United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985. 129]**PEER REVIEWED**

Occupational Exposure Standards:

Manufacturing/Use Information:

Major Uses:

PREPLANT FOR ANNUAL GRASSES, NUTGRASS, CERTAIN PERENNIAL GRASSES, MANY BROADLEAFWEEDS IN SUGAR BEETS, TABLE BEETS, SPINACH. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1992. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1992.,p. C-98]**PEER REVIEWED**

USED TO CONTROL ANNUAL BROAD LEAVED WEEDS, GRASSES & CYPERUS SPP IN SUGAR BEET &SPINACH BY PRE-PLANT SOIL INCORPORATION @ 3-4 KG ACTIVE INGREDIENT/HECTARE. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

CYCLOATE IS /USED/ ON SUGARBEETS, SPINACH, & TABLE BEETS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Selective herbicide which will provide effective preemergence control of nutsedge and annual grasses. Broadleaf weeds such as black nightshade, hairy nightshade, henbit, lambsquarters, purslane, redroot pigweed, shepherdspurse, and small stinging nettle will be controlled if application is made when conditions are favorable for germination. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Controls ... annual broad leaved weeds in ... fodder beet, beetroot. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturers:

ICI Americas Agricultural Products, DCC II-2, Wilmington, DE 19897, (800) 759-4500

[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C-98]**PEER REVIEWED**

Methods of Manufacturing:

CHLOROTHIOLFORMATE METHOD: ... AN AMINE IS REACTED WITH ALKYL CHLOROTHIOLFORMATEIN ETHER TO FORM THIOLCARBAMATE. ... YIELDS OBTAINED ... /IN/ PREPARATION OF PEBULATE AND CYCLOATE WERE IN RANGE OF 53-84%. [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 324]**PEER REVIEWED**

General Manufacturing Information:

/IT IS/ APPLIED TO WELL-PREPARED SEED BED INCORPORATED INTO SOIL TO DEPTH OF 2-3 IN JUST BEFORE PLANTING. IT SHOULD BE USED ON MINERAL SOIL ONLY. [Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 1209]**PEER REVIEWED**

CYCLOATE WILL SELECTIVELY CONTROL CERTAIN ANNUAL WEED SPECIES SUCH AS BARNYARDGRASS /CRABGRASS, FOXTAILS, WILD OATS, NIGHTSHADE, HENBIT, LAMBSQUARTERS, PURSLANE, AND PIGWEED/ ... IT IS ONE OF FEW HERBICIDES EFFECTIVE AGAINST NUTSEDGE ... IT ALSO CONTROLS SEEDLING JOHNSONGRASS ... . SUGARBEETS AND SPINACH TOLERATE CYCLOATE WELL ENOUGH FOR COMMERCIAL USAGE. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 148]**PEER REVIEWED**

RATES OF APPLICATION ARE FROM 3-6 LB/ACRE. USUAL CARRIER: EMULSIFIABLE LIQ FORMULATIONS ARE DILUTED IN WATER & APPLIED @ A VOL OF 20-100 GALLONS PER ACRE OF TOTAL LIQ. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 123]**PEER REVIEWED**

FOR OPTIMUM WEED CONTROL UNDER NORMAL SOIL & CLIMATE CONDITIONS, CYCLOATE MUST EITHER BE MECHANICALLY INCORPORATED INTO THE SOIL TO A DEPTH OF 2-3 IN IMMEDIATELY AFTER APPLICATION OR APPLIED SUBSURFACE WITH SUITABLE INJECTION EQUIPMENT. IF ... APPLIED TO EXTREMELY DRY SOIL DURING VERY DRY CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ... OVERHEAD IRRIGATION ... .

[Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 122]**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE 6 LB AI/US GAL. GRANULES--10% AI. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 148]**PEER REVIEWED**

TECHNICAL 95% MIN ... [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1984. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister Publishing Co., 1984.,p. C-199]**PEER REVIEWED**

'Ro-Neet E', emulsifiable concentrate (720 g ai/l); 'Ro-Neet 10G', granular (100 g/kg). Mixtures include: wettable powder (375 g cycloate + 63 g lenacil/kg) [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Mixed formulations: (cycloate +) chloridazon [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Ro-neet 6-E: an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing 6 lbs ro-neet/gal; Ro-neet 10-G: a granular formulation containing 10% Ro-neet by wt. [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983. 1045]**PEER REVIEWED**

Laboratory Methods:

Clinical Laboratory Methods:

RO-NEET IS EXTRACTED FROM ... URINE WITH DIETHYL ETHER, AND FROM BLOOD WITH SODIUM CITRATE + DIETHYL ETHER. PETROLEUM ETHER IS USED FOR EXTRACTION FROM ORGANS. TLC , UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC, & COLORIMETRIC METHODS ARE DESCRIBED. [ALEKSANDROVA LG; KHIM SEL'SK KHOZ 13 (9): 59-60 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

RESIDUES IN CROPS AND SOIL ARE DETERMINED BY GLC OR COLORIMETRY AFTER CONVERSION TO A DERIV. PRODUCT ANALYSIS IS BY GLC. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Product analysis is by GLC with FID or thermal conductivity detection. Residue analysis is by colorimetric determination of a derivative or by GLC. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

RO-NEET IS EXTRACTED FROM PLANT MATERIALS, AIR SAMPLING FILTERS, WATER ... WITH DIETHYL ETHER ... . PETROLEUM ETHER IS USED FOR EXTRACTION FROM ORGANS. TLC, UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC, & COLORIMETRIC METHODS ARE DESCRIBED. [ALEKSANDROVA LG; KHIM SEL'SK KHOZ 13 (9): 59-60 (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**

DETERMINATION OF THIOCARBAMATES IN HERBICIDE FORMULATIONS ANALYSIS IS BY GLC METHOD WITH FID. (APPLICABLE TO LIQUID AND GRANULAR FORMULATIONS OF EPTC, BUTYLATE, MOLINATE, CYCLOATE, VERNOLATE, AND PEBULATE.) [Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. and Supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Analytical Chemists, 1990,p. V1 221]**PEER REVIEWED**

Special References:

Synonyms and Identifiers:

Synonyms:

R-2063 **PEER REVIEWED**

CARBAMIC ACID, CYCLOHEXYLETHYLTHIO-, S-ETHYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED**

CARBAMOTHIOIC ACID, CYCLOHEXYLETHYL-, S-ETHYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED**

CYCLOHEXANECARBAMIC ACID, N-ETHYLTHIO-, S-ETHYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED**

S-ethyl cyclohexylethyl carbamothioate **PEER REVIEWED**

S-ETHYL CYCLOHEXYLETHYLTHIOCARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

S-ethyl N-cyclohexyl-N-ethyl(thiocarbamate) **PEER REVIEWED**

S-ethylethylcyclohexylthiocarbamate **PEER REVIEWED**

S-ETHYL N-ETHYL N-CYCLOHEXYLTHIOLCARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED**

S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate **PEER REVIEWED**

ETSAN **PEER REVIEWED**

EUREX **PEER REVIEWED**

HEXYLTHIOCARBAM **PEER REVIEWED**

RO-NEET **PEER REVIEWED**

Ro-Neet E **PEER REVIEWED**

Ro-Neet 6-E **PEER REVIEWED**

Ro-Neet 10G **PEER REVIEWED**

RONIT **PEER REVIEWED**

Sabet **PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE 6 LB AI/US GAL. GRANULES--10% AI. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982. 148]**PEER REVIEWED**

TECHNICAL 95% MIN ... [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1984. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister Publishing Co., 1984.,p. C-199]**PEER REVIEWED**

'Ro-Neet E', emulsifiable concentrate (720 g ai/l); 'Ro-Neet 10G', granular (100 g/kg). Mixtures include: wettable powder (375 g cycloate + 63 g lenacil/kg) [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 201]**PEER REVIEWED**

Mixed formulations: (cycloate +) chloridazon [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A106/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Ro-neet 6-E: an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing 6 lbs ro-neet/gal; Ro-neet 10-G: a granular formulation containing 10% Ro-neet by wt. [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983. 1045]**PEER REVIEWED**

Administrative Information:

Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 1712

Last Revision Date: 20030214

Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 09/14/1995

Update History:

Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 01/24/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 03/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 02/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 12/27/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 03/31/1998, 4 fields added/edited/deleted.Field Update on 10/23/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Field Update on 09/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Field Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Field Update on 05/01/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 10/15/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 03/25/1996, 20 fields added/edited/deleted.Field Update on 01/21/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Field Update on 05/26/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 12/28/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 09/01/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 04/16/1994, 50 fields added/edited/deleted.Field Update on 03/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 02/05/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Field update on 12/21/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.Complete Update on 10/03/1986