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Information obtained from: Holt Science and Technology: Life Science. Austin: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2007. Print.
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Cycles of Matter Cycles of Matter Chapter 19 Section 1
Objectives:Objectives:Diagram the water cycle and explain
its importance to living things
Diagram the carbon cycle and explain its importance to living things
Diagram the nitrogen cycle and explain its importance to living things
The Water Cycle:The Water Cycle:Definition:
the movement of water between the oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things
Water Cycle facts:Water Cycle facts:There are about 1.4 billion cubic
kilometers of water in the Earth system (1 cubic kilometer = 264 billion gallons!)
Only a small fraction of this exits the atmosphere (3,000km³)
If all the water in the atmosphere fell to Earth at one time, the land would be covered with about 2.5cm of water
More Water Cycle More Water Cycle facts:facts:Plants play an important role
Of the 1200km³ of water that enters the atmosphere every day, as much as 120km³ is released by plants as they transpire
One acre of cornfield can transpire as much as 15,000L of water every day!!
Water vocabulary:Water vocabulary:EvaporationCondensationPrecipitationTranspirationRunoffGroundwater
How Water Moves:How Water Moves:Evaporation: the sun’s heat causes
water to change from liquid to vapor
Condensation: vapor cools and returns to the liquid state
Precipitation: water that falls from the atmosphere to the land and oceans in the form of rain, snow, sleet, and hail
How water moves:How water moves:Transpiration: the process by which
plants release water vapor into the air through stomata; other organisms also release vapor through expiration
Runoff: precipitation that falls on land and flows into streams, rivers, and lakes
Groundwater: precipitation that seeps into the ground and is stored in spaces between or within rocks.
Basic Water Cycle:Basic Water Cycle:
http://water.tamu.edu/images/roundwatercycle.jpg
Advanced USGS Water Advanced USGS Water Cycle:Cycle:Visit this link for practice:http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/
watercycleguess.html
Follow along on your handout…how many can you find??
Answer page for USGS water Answer page for USGS water cycle:cycle:http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/
watercyclehi.html
Water & Life:Water & Life:All organisms are composed of
mostly water
Water helps to transport nutrients & wastes
Also helps to regulate temperature
All water taken in is returned to the environment (ex: plants – transpiration)
The Carbon Cycle:The Carbon Cycle:Besides water, organic molecules
(carbon containing)) are the most common molecules in living things
Definition: the exchange of carbon between the environment and living things
Carbon Cycle vocabulary:Carbon Cycle vocabulary:Photosynthesis
Respiration
Decomposition
Combustion
Carbon Cycle terms:Carbon Cycle terms:Photosynthesis:
◦the basis for the carbon cycle◦Plants use CO2 from the air to make
sugars◦Most animals get the carbon and energy
they need by eating plantsRespiration:
◦Sugar molecules are broken down to release energy
◦Carbon is returned to the environment◦CO2 and water are released as by products
Carbon Cycle terms:Carbon Cycle terms:Decomposition:
◦Breakdown of substances into simpler molecules
◦Ex: fungi & bacteria break decompose organic matter, CO2 and water are returned to the environment
Combustion: ◦Breakdown organic matter using fire◦Ex: burning wood or fossil fuels◦Releases CO2 into the atmosphere
Facts: Facts: Carbon may remain in the environment
for millions of years before becoming available for living things to use
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere
Human activities can alter the historical balance of the global carbon cycle
The Carbon Cycle (basics):The Carbon Cycle (basics):
http://www.starsandseas.com/SAS_Images/SAS_ecol_images/SAS_ecol_physical/cycle_carbon_4.jpg
The Carbon Cycle: The Carbon Cycle:
http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/images/carboncycle_sm.jpg
Carbon Cycle Animation:Carbon Cycle Animation:Let’s go to the EPA Climate
Change website to check out the carbon cycle in action…
http://epa.gov/climatechange/kids/carbon_cycle_version2.html
When you are done…take the quiz!!
The Nitrogen Cycle:The Nitrogen Cycle:Definition: the movement of
nitrogen between the environment and living things
Organisms need nitrogen to build proteins and DNA for new cells
Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Cycle vocabulary:vocabulary:Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Assimilation
Ammonification
Nitrogen Cycle basics:Nitrogen Cycle basics:
http://www.starsandseas.com/SAS_Images/SAS_ecol_images/SAS_ecol_physical/Nitrogen_Cycle-4.jpg
Vocabulary applied:Vocabulary applied:Nitrogen fixation: bacteria in the
soil convert nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use
Nitrification: bacteria make nitrogen available to the roots of plants (conversion of nitrogen containing compounds to nitrates & nitrites)
Denitrification: to remove nitrogen by reducing nitrates to nitrogen gas, replenishing the atmosphere
Nitrogen Cycle revisited:Nitrogen Cycle revisited:
Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Cycle vocabulary:vocabulary:Assimilation: plants absorb
ammonium and nitrate from the soil
Ammonification: (mineralization) conversion of organic nitrogen back into ammonium
The Nitrogen Cycle:The Nitrogen Cycle:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitrogen_Cycle.svg
Nitrogen Cycle animation:Nitrogen Cycle animation:
BBC GCSE Bitesize – Science Natural Polymers
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/food/naturalpolymersrev3.shtml
Check out the animation and put it all make the connection!
Another Nitrogen Cycle Another Nitrogen Cycle diagram:diagram:
http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Nutrient_Cycles/nitrogen_cycle_cartoon.gif