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...cyborg or homo cybersapiens? Introduction
The Ciborg question
− Conceptual clarification
− Origin of the chaos: some examples
− Conceptual proposal
Ontological analysis of Cyborg
− Rediscovering the artificial...
− Homo cybersapiens: virtue&tekné
Techno-ethical criteria for cyber-organic interventions: elemental rules
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
“Sometimes the criticism of science and technology is so severe that it comes close to a condemnation of science itself. On the contrary, science and technology are a wonderful result of human creativity which is a gift from God. They have furnished us with wonderful possibilities, and we benefit from them with a grateful soul. However, we know that this potential is not neutral: it can be used either for the progress of man, or for his degradation”
John Paul II (Hiroshima 25.02.1981)
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
CYB-ORG “cybernetic organism”
...every organic life is cybernetic!
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
res cogitans vs res extensa
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Haraway's Cyborg = Nietzsche's
Übermensch
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Definition of CYBORG:
Gray, Mentor, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):
“the melding of the organic and the mechanic, or the engineering of a union between separate organic systems”
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
Definition of CYBORG:
Gray, Mentor, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):
“the melding of the organic and the mechanic, or the engineering of a union between separate organic systems”
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
Gray, Mentor, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):
"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machine and organism; rather there is a symbioses and it is managed by cybernetics, the language common to the organic and the mechanical"
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
Gray, Mentor, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):
"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machine and organism; rather there is a symbioses and it is managed by cybernetics, the language common to the organic and the mechanical"
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
Gray, Mentor, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):
"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machine and organism; rather there is a symbioses and it is managed by cybernetics, the language common to the organic and the mechanical"
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
Gray, Mentor, and Figueroa-Sarriera (1995):
"There is no longer a 'partnership' between machine and organism; rather there is a symbioses and it is managed by cybernetics, the language common to the organic and the mechanical"
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
HUMAN BEING + MACHINE = HUMAN BEING
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LIVE ORGANISM + MACHINE = LIVE
ORGANISM
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“Functional Replacement and Humanoids Robotics:
the Fusion of Natural and Artificial Hardware”
Maria Chiara Carrozza
Italy-Japan 2001 Workshop: ‘HUMANOIDS: A Techno-Ontological Approach’
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
“Functional Replacement and Humanoids Robotics:
the Fusion of Natural and Artificial Hardware”
Maria Chiara Carrozza
Italy-Japan 2001 Workshop: ‘HUMANOIDS: A Techno-Ontological Approach’
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
SYNERGY“syn” + “ergon”
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
HOMO CYBERSAPIENS(De Andres, 2002)
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“tekné” = art & technics = human interaction
with material in order to create interpersonal
dialogue.
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
That which is formalized by nature is natural
and that which is formalized by human freedom is
artificial (Arte Factum). The human person is by nature artificial, that is,
that he or she is fully fulfilled based on his or her
personal freedom.
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
The artifice becomes vehicle of the being in
the world, of being with others, of being
oneself.
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HUMAN TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES:
Creation of inanimate tools directly or
indirectly guided by human intervention
Creation of machines that artificially assist
organic life (bioengineering)
Creation of symbolic devices
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
HUMAN TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES:
Creation of inanimate tools directly or
indirectly guided by human intervention
Creation of machines that artificially assist
organic life (bioengineering)
Creation of symbolic devices
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
KINESIS - efficient causalityPRAXIS - final causality
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Freedom is a trascendental of human beings that connect man with nature through habits
(L. Polo, 1998)
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
Cybernetic machine – artificial praxis guided by AI
Organism – vital praxis guided by organic psyche
Human being – personal praxis guided by human intelligence
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
The final aim of the machine must be always
subordinate to the final aim of the human being
(telos, teleology)
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
HUMAN AUGMENTATION
CONSERVE
REPAIR
IMPROVE
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
"Initially it's a little hard to learn to ride a bike but once
you learn it you do all of these things automatically and
the bike becomes almost a part of you"
Manfred Clynes
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
...cyborg or homo cybersapiens?
"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in
your own person or in the person of another, always at
the same time as an end and never simply as a means."
Emmanuel Kant
The body as “natural product”
“adequate instrument”
Are technics capable to produce an adequate instrument to human plasticity?
The natural character of the body is not only the exclusion of artifacts, but the
statement of the adequate conditions in order to the human final aim.
Cyberorganic devices:
n.g.e.
general principles of research on human subject must be taken in consideration; obiously, experimentation in this radical type of intervention on human beings must be undertaken with great caution and adequate knowledge:
1. The knowledge sought through research must be important ant obtainable by no other means, and the research must be carried on by qualified people;2. Appropriate experimentation upon animals an cadavers must precede human experimentation;3. The risk of suffering or injury must be proportionate to the good to be gained;4. Subjects must be selected so that risk and benefits will not fall unequally upon one group in society.
Principle of respecting and promoting the “whole person” Principle of totality Principle of historical integrity Principle of relational integrity Principle of psycho-affective integrity Principle of solidarity Principle of justice Principle of not-marketing of the human body
The body counts for nothing in the Apocalyptic AI community. For example, in his discussion of the ethical questions raised by cyborg technologies, Kevin Warwick believes that physical enhancements to the body make no difference. “Essentially it is not so much the physical enhancements or repairs that should be our cause for concern,” he writes, “but where the nature of an individual is changed by the linking of human and machine mental functioning” (“Cyborg morals, cyborg values, cyborg ethics,” Ethics and Information Technology 5: 3 (2003): 131-137, 131).
That is, the body is irrelevant to considerations of what it really means to be human; only the mind counts.
Geraci 2003
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