Child Voice International Lukome Center

Water Distribution Plan

Megan Burke May 2014

Introduction The ChildVoice International (CVI) Lukome Center is located in Lukodi, Uganda. Lukodi is located approximately 20km outside of Gulu city in Northern Uganda. The current population at CVI is around 50 people, but it is expected in the future to grow to 100. CVI has a drilled bedrock well located at 2° 55.1431 N 32° 17.678. The well is equipped with an India Mark II hand pump. There is no existing water distribution system, water is pumped into jerry cans and carried back to the center for drinking, bathing, and cooking. CVI has requested the design of a water distribution system that will pump water from the well up to a storage tank that will be able to hold at least a days worth of water and enough water during peak demand such as when groups visit. The storage tank will supply water to different locations (near the kitchen, lower guest huts, classrooms, farm, etc) on the property, via gravity, where small spigots and taps can be installed. Th CVI well at the Lukome Center is on the western side of the property, farthest from the Patiko Road. The well was drilled in March 2012. The well (borehole) is a six inch diameter boring to a full depth of 216 feet [65.89 m]. PVC casing was set to below soil and weathered bedrock to a depth of 137 feet [41.87 m]. Final well completion is not clear. There is 18 feet [5.48 m] of one-slot plastic well screen, but it is not known at what depth it was installed. Analysis of the pumping test data for the well indicates formation transmissivity of 20 square feet per day and a storage coefficient of 0.037. The pumping test was run for 12 hours at a rate of 18 gpm [69 lpm]. Demand Since CVI is growing, a future demand was needed to ensure that the well had the capability to supply enough water to the community. The estimated future population is 100 people. According to the Rural Water Supply Network estimated rural Africa water demand is 15-20 liters/capita/day (lpcd), the higher end estimation of 20 lpcd was used in estimating the Lukome Center water demand. At a water consumption of 20 lpcd the well will need to be capable of producing 592 gpd (gallons per day) [2,240 lpd] or 0.3674 gpm (gallons per minute) [1.4 lpm]. According to the 2012 well pumping test and analysis of the data, the well is capable of supplying a sustained 18 gpm (4.15 m3/hr), which means it can supply much more than the estimated future community needs. Storage options The Rural Water Supply Network estimates that people using an India Mark II pump average a water consumption of 15-20L/person/day. CVI has estimated that when they are fully expanded they will have approximately 100 people at the Lukome Center. Using

the high estimate of 20L/person/day, CVI will consume approximately 500 gallons per day. There are several ways to approach the potable water storage needed by the Lukome Center. The final storage location should be decided upon by CVI after carefully reviewing the options listed and considering finances. One option is purchasing one large, 1500 gallon [5,680 l] tank. The current Lokome Center population only needs approximately 265 gallons per day [1,000 l]. This storage tank could store enough water for over 5 days, which is out of the range of typical drinking water storage. Another option is to install a 500 gallon tank, this will serve the current size community and any visiting guests. In the future when the population increases and the 500-gallon tank is outgrown, an additional tank may be added to the system. These two tanks can be plumbed together to act as one. It is recommended that CVI go with the second option, a 500-gallon tank now, and allow for future expansion. This will save capital cost, and additional tanks may not be needed. Norwesco’s water tank (part number N-43101) or equivalent may be used. The tank is 500-gallon tank made of HDPE. It is 48”Dx73”H with a 2” drain, 1.5” inlet, and a 16” access at the top. Tanks are available in country through Multiple Industries Ltd. The tank location is flexible, but it is best to minimize the piping required for distribution to reduce costs. The tank also needs to be at the highest possible elevation so that the system can be gravity fed to anywhere else on the complex; the tank can be on a pedestal to add elevation (which adds head and pressure). Possible locations include: next to the kitchen, by the ecosan latrines, and by the outdoor oven. It is recommended that the storage tank be located by the kitchen; this will minimize the length of pipe needed for spigot locations. It is recommended that the tank be built on a stand that is 8 feet tall, under the stand can serve as a storage area for CVIs needs. Pump A pump is needed to send water from the well to the storage tank. The pump needs to be submersible so it can sit directly in the CVI well but also so that a priming system is not necessary. At a water consumption of 20 lpcd the pump will need to be capable of producing 592 gpd [2,240 lpd] or 0.367 gpm [1.4 lpm]. At such a pumping rate the pump would be running all day to meet demand. Instead it is suggested that a pump be sized to run in the range of 5 to 10 gpm, for design purposes here, say at 7 gpm for approximately 1.5 hours each day. Given the formation hydraulic properties, pumping at 7 gpm for 1.5 hours would result in approximately 27 m (88 ft) of drawdown in the well. The well would then have 22.5 hours to recover.

Grundfos SP 5A-21N or equivalent is recommended. The operating point is approximately 128 m of lift at a flow of 5.7 m3/hr, which is a 60% efficiency. The numbers that made the system curve can be found in Appendix G. The pump is made of stainless steel ANSI grade 316. The diameter of the pump is 95mm, which is able to fit in the well. It will produce approximately 4 HP (3kW) of power. Appendix A shows the calculations indicating the pump will be able to provide enough energy for the water to reach the tank. Appendix E shows the operating point of the SP 5A-21N pump. The pump will not need to run for the entire day and will need to be turned on an off. A float switch will allow the volume of water in the tank to be controlled, the pump would turn on and off at set water levels. This would allow the storage volume to vary as the community grows. A pressure switch would work similarly, but would turn on when the water in the tank does not have enough pressure to serve the center and would turn off after the water level had attained a pressure corresponding to a certain depth of water in the tank. A cheaper option is to put a site gage on the side, which will show the water level in the tank. The pump can then manually be turned on and off depending on the water level. In order to prevent the water from flowing back towards the pump in the distribution line a backflow will be installed after the pump, and before the tee. Distribution system There is currently no water distribution system at the CVI Lukome center. Water is retrieved in jerry cans and then carried to where it is needed. The new pump will send water through a distribution line to the tank by the kitchen. Distribution lines will then carry water to spigots located at various locations on the property. It is recommended that CVI install distribution lines from the tank to west end guest huts, one by the daycare, one by the farm, and one by the classrooms. Spigots will be installed at the end of the distribution lines to allow for easy use and collection of the stored water. The number and location of these spigots will provide for easy water access through the CVI Lukome center property. The daycare, west end hut, and classroom spigots will be fed from the tank. The CVI farm is close to the well so to save piping, a tee will be installed after the pump. The tee will run water to the CVI farm spigot and the tank. Appendix B includes calculations confirming the water from the tank can be gravity fed to the property locations where spigots were suggested above. The EGL and HGL of the distribution system can be found in Appendix H. Appendix C shows an elevation profile of the property. Appendix D shows the property plan. JM Eagle’s DR-11 1-inch HDPE piping should be used or equivalent. The pipe needed for the distribution lines HDPE piping capable of handling 120psi. HDPE piping can be purchased in large rolls; one size pipe will be used for the whole system. A 1” diameter piping will be sufficient to carry water from the well to the tank and the tank to spigot locations (.75” piping can be used if “1 is not readily available) (see Appendix F).

HDPE piping is available from Roofings Group in Gulu and Multiple Industries Ltd in Kampala. Future Options-expansion of system As mentioned early this system was designed to be easily expandable. A 500 gallon tank is recommended to be installed and additional tanks can be added in the future. CVI is able to choose how many spigots they would like to start with and their location, but installing the piping for additional spigots would be a simple easy expansion of the distribution system. Codes and Regulations The Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) is the lead agency who creates the national water and sanitation policies and regulations. Under the Uganda Water Act of 1997 Part II: Water Resources, Division 3:Hydraulic Works and Uses of Water, Section 18 Construction of Works, (2) “A person wishing to construct any works or to take and use water may apply to the director in the prescribed form for a permit to do so”.

Uganda Water Act of 1997 http://www.mwe.go.ug/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=7&Itemid=223 Pump http://ca.grundfos.com/content/dam/GCA/Literature/Product%20Guide/Grundfos_DataBooklet_0907_SP.pdf Per Capita Use http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/handpump-overview/148-india-mark-ii-extra-deep-well-pump Piping http://www.jmeagle.com/pdfs/HDPE%20Spec%20Sheet%203608.pdf Tank http://www.tank-depot.com/productdetails.aspx?part=N-43101

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Appendix E

Appendix F

Location Elevation (ft) ground at well (MSL) 3246 Q (gpd) 529.1depth to water (MSL) 4 Q (gpm) 0.36743056drawdown (MSL) 88 Q pipe (gpm) 1.83715278

pump on 1/5 of day

water elev in well (MSL) 3154 Q pipe (gpm) 3.67430556

pump on 1/10 of day

Q pipe (gpm) 7elev of ground huts (MSL) 3300platform height (ft) 8elev tank when full 3313.125 max pressure (psi) 68.9541667

minor loss coefficient

2x 90deg smooth bend (r/d=1) 0.7

submerged exit 1ball valve, fully open 0.05T 1entrance 0.5hm coeff total 3.25

f (from Moodys) 0.02058772 0.02389724 0.026037969 0.03178303Re 55502.8508 30574.3403 21693.01563 9771.62866ks/D smooth smooth smooth smoothL (ft) 1444 1444 1444 1444ID (inches) 0.71 0.88 1.11 2D (inches) 0.5 0.75 1 2Q (cfs) 0.01559715 0.01559715 0.015597148 0.01559715V (ft/s) 11.4445315 5.08645844 2.861132872 0.71528322g (ft/s2) 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2hf (ft) 1451.0984 221.809487 57.35162484 2.18768098hm (ft) 6.60987932 1.30565517 0.413117458 0.02581984Pump (ft) 1616.83328 382.240142 216.8897423 161.338501Pump (hp) 3.36599454 0.79576432 0.451530591 0.33588158

Pump (kW) 2.5100217 0.59340135 0.336706304 0.25046685*DR 13.5 Pipe used to find D and ID good up to 128 psi

Appendix G

Minor Loss (ft 0.107645650.43058262

Location Elevation (ft) 1.72233047ground at well (MSL) 3246 3.87524357depth to water (MSL) 4 5.27463708drawdown (MSL) 88 6.88932189water elev in well (MSL) 3154 10.7645655

15.5009743elev of ground huts (MSL) 3300 43.0582618platform height (ft) 8 172.233047elev tank when full 3313.125 387.524357

688.9321891076.456554305.8261817223.3047

minor loss coefficient 2x 90deg smooth bend (r/d=1) 0.7submerged exit 1ball valve, fully open 0.05 Q (cfs) T 1 0.00980963entrance 0.5 0.01961926hm coeff total 3.25 0.03923852

0.058857780.078477040.0980963

0.117715560.19619260.39238520.58857780.78477040.9809631.9619263.923852

Friction Loss (ft Re f Q (m^3/hr) Q (cfs) D (ft) V (fps) k total HL (ft) 15.92778312 11073.41 0.0308 1 0.00981 0.0925 1.46049308 3.25 16.035428853.57446292 22146.82 0.0259 2 0.01962 0.0925 2.92098617 3.25 54.0050455180.2022953 44293.64 0.0218 4 0.03924 0.0925 5.84197234 3.25 181.924626366.3700989 66440.46 0.0197 6 0.05886 0.0925 8.7629585 3.25 370.245342479.8184059 77513.87 0.0189 7 0.06867 0.0925 10.2234516 3.25 485.093043606.1258564 88587.29 0.0183 8 0.07848 0.0925 11.6839447 3.25 613.015178895.6850667 110734.1 0.0173 10 0.0981 0.0925 14.6049308 3.25 906.4496321232.317211 132880.9 0.0166 12 0.11772 0.0925 17.525917 3.25 1247.818193012.713447 221468.2 0.0146 20 0.19619 0.0925 29.2098617 3.25 3055.7717110133.51975 442936.4 0.0122 40 0.39239 0.0925 58.4197234 3.25 10305.752820602.50469 664404.6 0.0111 60 0.58858 0.0925 87.629585 3.25 20990.02934084.96173 885872.9 0.0103 80 0.78477 0.0925 116.839447 3.25 34773.893950368.07274 1107341 0.0097 100 0.98096 0.0925 146.049308 3.25 51444.5293169417.3272 2214682 0.0082 200 1.96193 0.0925 292.098617 3.25 173723.153569849.6926 4429364 0.0069 400 3.92385 0.0925 584.197234 3.25 587072.997

HL (ft) EP (ft) EP (m) Q (m^3/hr)16.03542877 175.1604 45.381 154.00504553 213.13 55.218 2181.9246257 341.0496 88.359 4370.2453424 529.3703 137.15 6613.0151783 772.1402 200.05 8906.4496322 1065.575 276.07 101247.818185 1406.943 364.51 123055.771709 3214.897 832.92 2010305.7528 10464.88 2711.2 40

20990.02905 21149.15 5479.3 6034773.89392 34933.02 9050.4 8051444.52928 51603.65 13369 100173723.1534 173882.3 45049 200587072.9973 587232.1 152140 400

Appendix H

DIST FROM WELL EGL HGL well 0 3212 3212T 10 3211.85 3311.7Pump 20 3319.8 3319.7Tank 1440 3313.2 3313.2

3200

3220

3240

3260

3280

3300

3320

0 500 1000 1500 2000

EGL/

EGL

(ft)

Dist from Pump

Pump to Tank

EGL

HGL

DIST FROM WELL EGL HGLwell 0 3212 3212Pump 10 3319.8 3319.7T 20 3319.7 3319.6Spigot bends and valve 270 3293.09 3290.35spigot outlet 270 3262.74 3260

3190

3210

3230

3250

3270

3290

3310

3330

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

EGL/

HGL

(ft)

Dist from Pump

Pump to Farm

EGL

HGL

DIST FROM TANK EGL HGL tank 0 3313.2 3313.2spigot bend and valve 470 3297.13 3296.15spigot outfall 470 3285.98 3285

3280

3285

3290

3295

3300

3305

3310

3315

0 100 200 300 400 500

EGL/

HGL

(ft)

Dist from Tank

Tank to West End Huts

EGL

HGL

DIST FROM TANK EGL HGLtank 0 3313.2 3313.2spigot bend and valve 350 3303.17 3302.35spigot outfall 350 3293.82 3293

3290

3295

3300

3305

3310

3315

0 100 200 300 400

EGL/

HGL

(ft)

Dist from Tank

Tank to Daycare

EGL

HGL

DIST FROM TANK EGL HGLtank 0 3313.2 3313.2spigot bend and valve 150 3310.27 3309.67spigot outfall 150 3303.6 3303

3302

3304

3306

3308

3310

3312

3314

0 50 100 150 200

EGL/

HGL

(ft)

Dist from Tank

Tank to Ecosan

EGL

HGL