Cardiovascular Cardiovascular Epidemiology: Epidemiology: Definitions Definitions Historical Perspectives and Historical Perspectives and Assessing Risk of CVD Assessing Risk of CVD Recent trends and Recent trends and population differences in population differences in CHD and CHD risk factors CHD and CHD risk factors
1. Cardiovascular Epidemiology: Definitions Historical
Perspectives and Assessing Risk of CVD Recent trends and population
differences in CHD and CHD risk factors
2. Deaths in Thousands 500 461 410 400 300 285 265 Males 200
Females 100 70 59 64 35 47 38 0 A B C D E A B D F E A Total CVD D
Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases B Cancer E Diabetes Mellitus C
Accidents F Alzheimers Disease Leading causes of death for all
males and females (United States: 2004). Source: NCHS and
NHLBI.
3. 200 Per 100,000 Population 148.7 150 114.7 100 65.5 47.2
41.9 39.9 50 32.2 23.9 0 Coronary Heart Stroke Lung Cancer Breast
Cancer Disease White Females Black Females Age-adjusted death rates
for CHD, stroke, lung and breast for white and black females
(United States: 2004). Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
4. 52% 13% 17% .4% 4% 6% 7% .5% Coronary Heart Disease Stroke
Heart Failure High Blood Pressure Diseases of the Arteries Defects
Congenital Cardiovascular Rheumatic Fever/ Other Rheumatic Heart
Disease Percentage breakdown of deaths from cardiovascular diseases
(United States:2004) Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
5. 180 156.4 160 Billions of Dollars 140 120 100 80 65.5 69.4
60 34.8 40 20 0 Heart Failure Stroke Hypertensive Coronary Disease
Heart Disease Estimated direct and indirect costs (in billions of
dollars) of major cardiovascular diseases and stroke (United
States: 2008). Source: NHLBI.
6. 1400 Procedures in Thousands 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 79
80 85 90 95 00 05 Years Catheterizations Open-Heart Bypass PCI
Carotid Endarterectomy Pacemakers Trends in Cardiovascular
Operations and Procedures (United States: 1979-2005). Source: NCHS
and NHLBI. Note: Inpatient procedures only.
