GROUP 2

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

Stem cuttings are the most commonly used method of vegetative propagation.

A stem cutting is plant stem including a tip (e.g. shoot, twig, sucker, ) or a portion of a stem without the apex that includes one or more nodes removed from a parent plant and capable of rooting;

A stem cutting is used to grow a whole new plant, which is also known as cloning (because you are creating an exact copy of the parent plant, a clone).

Herbaceous cuttings are made from non-woody, herbaceous plants such as coleus, chrysanthemums, and dahlia. A 3- to 5-inch piece of stem is cut from the parent plant. The leaves on the lower one-third to one-half of the stem are removed. A high percentage of the cuttings root, and they do so quickly.

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Softwood cuttings are prepared from soft, succulent, new growth of woody plants, just as it begins to harden (mature). Shoots are suitable for making softwood cuttings. For most woody plants, this stage occurs in May, June, or July. The soft shoots are quite tender, and extra care must be taken to keep them from drying out. The extra effort pays off, because they root quickly.

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CUTTINGS

Hardwood cuttings are taken from dormant, mature stems in late fall, winter, or early spring. Plants generally are fully dormant with no obvious signs of active growth. The wood is firm and does not bend easily. Hardwood cuttings are used most often for deciduous shrubs but can be used for many evergreens. Examples of plants propagated at the hardwood stage include forsythia, privet, fig, grape, and spirea.

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Vegetative

Propagation By Leaf

Cutting

Vegetative Propagation By Leaf Cutting

It is a process by which new individuals arise without production of seeds or spores. It can occur naturally or be induced by horticulturists.

Leaf cuttings are either entire leaves, with or without the petiole, or portions of leaf blades.

Some examples and their pictures

Saintpaulia-African violetSansevieria trifasciata-snake plantIpomoea batatas-sweet potatoHoya-waxplant, waxvine, waxflower

Vegetative Propagation By Leaf Cutting- Jasmine

The jasmine or sampaguita is a popular plant because of the pleasing fragrance that its flowers emit.

The process of regeneration of plant organs from leaf cuttings always starts with the development of roots followed by the shoot. Then, finally, the certainty: small sampaguita plants started growing.

LAYERING Stems still attached to their parent plants may form roots where they

touch a rooting medium. Severed from the parent plant, the rooted stem becomes a new plant.

This method of vegetative propagation, called layering, promotes a high success rate because it prevents the water stress and

carbohydrate shortage that plague cuttings.

Some plants layer themselves naturally, but sometimes plant propagators assist the process. Layering may be enhanced by

wounding one side of the stem or by bending it very sharply. The rooting medium should always provide aeration and a constant

supply of moisture.

TIP LAYERING1. Dig a hole 3 to 4 inches deep. 2.Insert the shoot tip and cover it with soil. 3.The tip grows downward first, then bends sharply and grows upward. 4.Roots form at the bend, and the recurved tip becomes a new plant. 5.Remove the tip layer and plant it in the early spring or late fall.6.Examples: purple and black raspberries, trailing blackberries.

SIMPLE LAYERING1. Bend the stem to the ground. 2. Cover part of it with soil, leaving the last 6 to 12 inches exposed.3. Bend the tip into a vertical position and stake in place.4. The sharp bend will often induce rooting, but wounding the lower side of the branch

or loosening the bark by twisting the stem may help.5. Examples: forsythia, honeysuckle.

COMPOUND LAYERING1. This method works for plants with flexible stems. 2. Bend the stem to the rooting medium as for simple layering, but alternately cover and

expose stem sections. 3. Wound the lower side of the stem sections to be covered. 4. Examples: heart-leaf philodendron, pothos

MOUND(STOOL) LAYERING

1. Cut the plant back to 1 inch above the ground in the dormant season.2. Mound soil over the emerging shoots in the spring to enhance their rooting.3. Examples: gooseberries, apple rootstocks.

AIR LAYERING1. Air layering is used to propagate some indoor plants with thick stems, or to

rejuvenate them when they become leggy. 2. Slit the stem just below a node. 3. Pry the slit open with a toothpick. 4. Surround the wound with wet unmilled sphagnum moss. 5. Wrap plastic or foil around the sphagnum moss and tie in place.6. When roots pervade the moss, cut the plant off below the root ball.

SUMMARY Stem cuttings are the most commonly used method of vegetative propagation.

A stem cutting is  used to grow a whole new plant, which is also known as cloning

Herbaceous cuttings are made from non-woody, herbaceous plants such as coleus, chrysanthemums, and dahlia.

Softwood cuttings are prepared from soft, succulent, new growth of woody plants, just as it begins to harden

Hardwood cuttings are taken from dormant, mature stems in late fall, winter, or early spring.

Stems still attached to their parent plants may form roots where they touch a rooting medium. Severed from the parent plant, the rooted stem becomes a new plant. This method of vegetative propagation, called layering

TYPES OF LAYERING

TIP LAYERING

SIMPLE LAYERING

COMPOUND LAYERING

MOUND(STOOL) LAYERING

AIR LAYERING

QUESTIONS

Fill in the blanks

A stem cutting is  used to grow a whole new _____, which is also known as ______. 

Herbaceous cuttings are made from ________, _________ plants

In softwood cutting the soft shoots are quite ______, and extra care must be taken to keep them from ______ out.

In Hardwood cuttings the wood is _____and does not ______easily. Hardwood cuttings are used most often for deciduous ______but can be used for many evergreens.

Define layering ?

Stems still attached to their parent plants may form roots where they touch a rooting medium. Severed from the parent plant, the rooted stem becomes a new plant.

Match the following

1. TIP LAYERING2. SIMPLE LAYERING

3. COMPOUND LAYERING

4. MOUND LAYERING

5. AIR LAYERING

a) is used to propagate some indoor plants with thick stems.

b) Mound soil over the emerging shoots to enhance their rooting.

c) This method works for plants with flexible stems.

d) Examples: forsythia, honeysuckle.

e) The tip grows downward first, then bends sharply and grows upward.

THANK YOU