Year 12 Extended Diploma in Applied Science (Biology) SIL 2020

Cut OR draw out the organs and glands and stick them in the correct position in the empty body. Add labels and descriptions of each one.

Copy and paste the link in your browser and answer the following questions

https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-do-your-hormones-work-emma-bryce

1. What part of the human body controls the major changes in our bodies

like puberty and pregnancy?

2. What day-to-day events does this system control?

3. What are the three features of the endocrine system?

4. How many glands are there?

5. How do hormones find their targets?

6. What does a hormone-receptor combination do?

7. How does the thyroid gland affect the body?

8. What is the biggest misconception about the endocrine system?

9. Why is this a misconception?

10. True or false: your hormones control your behaviour?

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Research Task

• Research ADH, Adrenaline and Insulin.

• For each hormone, find

– Where it is made

– The organ it affects

– What effect the hormone has

– It’s role in the body

ADH

Adrenaline

Insulin

Compare and contrast the endocrine and nervous systems

Endocrine System Nervous System

Type of signal

How is the signal carried

Speed of response

Duration of response

Effectors

Response

Match the gland to the hormone

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Homeostasis

What does the word homeostasis mean?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Our bodies have to keep three important matters balanced, they are:

1. ______________________________________

2. ______________________________________

3. ______________________________________

Homeostasis – Thermoregulation

Use the words in the box below to complete the paragraph:

____________ is the maintenance of a constant internal environment. The body needs to be kept at a temperature of around _____ in order for enzymes involved in our bodily processes to work _________. If the body temperature falls too low, this can result in hypothermia. If the body temperature increases too much, this can result in heat stroke. Both can result in ________. A constant body temperature is maintained by ___________ ___________. Negative feedback means a change occurs in the opposite direction to bring conditions back to _________. When the body is too hot, heat sensitive receptors in the ___________________ centre of the brain (the hypothalamus) detect this by measuring the temperature of the ________. To lose heat, the body produces _________ which takes heat energy away from the body when it _____________. The blood vessels at the surface of the skin also ________ to allow more heat to radiate from the body. This is called ______________. If the brain detects that the blood temperature is too low, the body ________ producing sweat so that ______ heat is lost from the body through evaporation. Blood vessels close to the skins surface become ____________ to reduce the amount of heat lost from the body by radiation. This is called _____________. We shiver, which increases the rate of ___________ in our muscles to produce heat. The _______ on our body also stand on end which traps a layer of ______ against the skin to ___________ the body, reducing heat loss.

death thermoregulatory air Properly less vasodilation

sweat normal narrower respiration evaporates

Homeostasis 37⁰C negative feedback blood widen stops

insulate hairs vasoconstriction

Complete the flow chart below to show how the body temperature is kept constant:

Blood Glucose Levels

Some people suffer from a disease called ___________. They do not produce enough of a

____________ called _____________ from the organ in the body called the ______________.

Insulin controls the ____________ ___________ levels. Diabetics have to be careful that they

do not eat too much sweet __________. They may also need to ______________ themselves

with the hormone insulin to help control there blood sugar _________.

What is a hormone?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Inject sugar hormone diabetes blood

pancreas food levels insulin

Blood temperature too LOW Blood temperature too HIGH

Blood temperature RISES

LOW

Blood temperature FALLS

Hypothalamus

detects change

Hypothalamus

detects change

Male and female sex hormones are responsible for secondary sexual characteristics

Male Hormone _______________________

Female Hormone

________________________

Controlling Blood Glucose

1. What two hormones does the pancreas produce?

2. What are the functions of these hormones?

3. Why can't glucose be stored?

4. Why can glycogen be stored?

5. Where is glycogen stored?

6. What is diabetes?

7. What are the symptoms of low blood sugar levels?

8. Why does diabetes cause tiredness?

Homeostasis

The renal system is important in maintaining___________ as it controls both the _____ and

____ balance within the body. Water (fluid) is absorbed into the blood via the _____

_________. The hypothalamus detects the amount of water in the blood. If the bloods

water content is low, the ____________ sends a signal to the pituitary gland. Antidiuretic

hormone (ADH) is released into the bloodstream telling the _______ to ______ more fluid

back into the bloodstream. A small amount of concentrated _____ is subsequently

produced and your urine becomes dark yellow. You need to drink some water as you are

__________!

When the hypothalamus detects too much fluid in the blood it sends a message to the

_________ _____ to reduce the release of ADH, this tells your kidneys to stop __________

fluid. More fluid is released from the blood into the bladder. Your urine becomes lighter in

colour and the volume increases. You are now ________.

Homeostasis

Dehydrated

Large intestine

Water

Salt

Hypothalamus

Absorb

Urine

Absorbing

Hydrated

Kidneys

Pituitary gland

Nervous System Key Words

Neurone An automatic response to a stimulus that does not involve conscious thought.

Synapse Connects a motor and a sensory neurone in the central nervous system and is involved in

a reflex arc.

Receptor

Carries the nerve impulse from the central nervous system to an effector.

Sensory neurone

Electrical message that passes along a neurone.

Motor neurone

Changes in the environment.

Reflex

A specialised nerve cell.

Relay neurone

A junction between 2 neurones.

Stimulus

A bundle of neurones.

Effectors

The brain and the spinal cord.

Central nervous system Carry out the response and are either muscles or glands.

Nerve This carries the nerve impulse from the receptor to the central nervous system.

Nerve impulse

Specialised cells that detect stimuli.

Body Systems

Write the functions of the following systems:

Nervous system

Respiratory system

Excretory system

Endocrine system

Excretory System

The Nervous System

The nervous system has two major components: the central nervous system, comprising the

_____ and the _____ _______, and the p______ _________ _________ composed of all the other

nervous tissue in the body. The peripheral nervous system in turn consists of the s________

nervous system and the a__________ nervous system. The somatic nervous system is

responsible for all voluntary muscle contractions and sensory information processing, while the

other portions of the peripheral nervous system control involuntary processes of the body.

Somatic Nervous System

The somatic nervous system (SNS) is the

portion of the nervous system responsible

for ___________ body movement and for

sensing external stimuli. All five senses are

controlled by the somatic nervous system.

The SNS uses your senses to detect

changes in the world around you. The

response is controlled by your brain.

Muscles attached to your skeleton receive a

signal to respond to the changes detected.

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is

the part of the peripheral nervous system

that acts as a control system. It controls

organ functions such as heart rate,

digestion, respiratory rate, salivation,

perspiration, diameter of the pupils, urination

and sexual arousal. Most of its actions are

_________________.

The ANS controls your internal

environment.

Example

One example of using the somatic nervous

system is catching a ball:

1. Your eyes detect the ball moving

towards you.

2. Your brain assess this information.

3. It then instructs the muscles of your

arm to reach out and catch the ball.

4. The response is not automatic but

voluntary: you could decide not to

catch the ball.

Example

One example of using the autonomic

nervous system is sweating:

1. Receptors detect your body getting

too warm.

2. Impulses are sent to your skin.

3. The skin responds by releasing

sweat.

4. The response is automatic: you have

no control over the action.

BTEC Extended Diploma in Applied Science

Summer Independent Learning Activity Y12 – Y13 (Chemistry) This work is linked to Unit 16: Chemistry for Biology Technicians which you will study at the start of Y13.

You will be given a test on these concepts at the start of the term.

Relate enthalpy changes to the bonding in substances

Watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvJaBUxaYuk

1. Why does an energy changes occur in a reaction? Consider what happens to bonds in the reactants and products

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2b2k2p/revision/1 (pages 1, 2, 4 & 5) https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8p72hv/revision/1 (pages 1, 2 & 3)

Use the links above to help you complete the following questions:

1. The equation for the reaction of ethene and bromine can be represented as:

Bond Bond dissociation energy in kJ/mol

C-H 413

C=C 614

Br-Br 193

C-C 348

C-Br 276

(a) Use the bond dissociation energies in the table to calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) for this reaction. Show all your workings.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Enthalpy change (∆H) = ……………… kJ/mol

(b) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain why, in terms of bonds broken and bonds formed.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8p72hv/revision/3 (pages 3 & 2)

Use the links above (and your notes from unit 1) to help you complete the following questions:

2. A group of students investigated the amount of energy given out when different alcohols are burned. The students used the apparatus shown in the diagram below:

In one experiment the temperature of 50 g of water increased from 22.5 C to 38.3 C. The mass of alcohol burned was 0.58 g.

(a) The energy used to heat the water, q, can be found using the equation:

q = m x c x ∆T

Calculate the heat energy, in joules, given out by burning 0.85 g of the alcohol.

Assume that all the heat energy given out by burning the alcohol is used to heat the water

(c, specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g/C)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Heat energy, q = …………………….. J

(b) The enthalpy change, ∆H, can be calculated using the equation:

∆H = (q / 1000) n = mass of alcohol n Mr of alcohol

Use your answer to (a) and the fact that 0.85 g of alcohol were burned to calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ/mol.

(Mr of alcohol = 88)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Enthalpy change, ∆H = ………………… kJ/mol

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztc6w6f/revision/1 (pages 1-4) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-zk6R2DCYU

Use the links above (and your notes from unit 1) to help you complete the following questions:

3. Sodium chloride is soluble in water.

(a) What type of bonds are broken when sodium chloride dissolves in water? ……………………..

(b) The diagrams below show the thermometer in one experiment before and after the student added sodium hydroxide to water.

Before adding NaOH After adding NaOH

Calculate the temperature change, ∆T for this reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

∆T = …………………… C

(c) The enthalpy of solution is the enthalpy change, in kJ/mol, when a solute is dissolved in water.

Solute Enthalpy of solution in kJ/mol

NaCl + 4

NaOH + 44

(i) Are these reactions exothermic or endothermic? ………………………………………………..

(ii) Why is the enthalpy of solution different for NaCl and NaOH?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Show how rates of reaction are affected by varying the conditions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSInI1xHvh4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExHV_cFWYSM&list=PLW0gavSzhMlTkEO2JAcydfD_8ypvZtuUq https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3nbqhv/revision/1 (pages 1-5) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhdtqnEfa9w

Use the links above to help you complete the following questions:

4. What three things must particles do to react?

1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. solid calcium carbonate reacts with a solution of hydrochloric acid to produce a solution of calcium chloride and carbon dioxide gas:

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

(a) Which factors could you change to increase the rate of this reaction?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus you could use to measure the time taken for this reaction.

(c) In your mouth starch breaks down into maltose using the enzyme amylase.

(i) How does the enzyme work?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) The optimum temperature for this reaction is 37 C. Explain why.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Extended Diploma in Physics

The Earth

Create a PowerPoint, on Earth gather as much information of the features of the Earth.

The Moon

Include in your PowerPoint, information display or report outlining the features of the Moon. You need to include:

A description of the surface and atmosphere

The mass, diameter and distance from Earth

The rotation and orbit times

An explanation of what causes the phases of the moon

An explanation of what the two types of eclipses are and how they happen (with supporting diagrams)

The Sun

Present information display or report outlining the features of the Sun. You need to include:

A description of the structure including temperatures and elements present The mass and diameter The rotation time

Objects of Our Solar System

Create a display outlining other objects in our Solar System. You should:

Name the known planets (and dwarf planets) List the prominent moons

Explain what the difference between asteroids, comets and meteors is and where they are found.

An explanation of why Pluto is different from the other planets of the Solar System and an hypothesis of how it came to orbit the Sun.