Current status of Hamamatsu Si detectors for collider ... · HPK Si detectors contributed to the Nobel-Prize winning discovery of the Higgs boson in 2013. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K

Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 1

Current status of Hamamatsu Si detectors for collider experiments

Yuto Ohashi

Project promotion group, Business promotion,Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.

26.Nov. 2019

2Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Index

■ Company profile

■ Silicon detectors for LHC

■ MPPCs for HEP

- MPPC with wide dynamic range

- VUV MPPC 4th generation


Company profile


Company profile

Company Name :Established :

Number of Employees :

Main Product Lines :

Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. September 29, 19534878

- Photomultiplier Tubes- Light Sources, Imaging Tubes - Opto-Semiconductor- Imaging and Analyzing System

Inside the Super Kamiokande11,200 PMT are used to catch the neutrinos

22,000 SSDs are used for the CMS tracker


Silicon detectors for LHC


Silicon detectors for LHC project

CMS detector

ATLAS detector

130,000 APDs for Calorimeter22,000 units of SSDs for tracker

14,000 units of SSDs for tracker

HPK Si detectors contributed to theNobel-Prize winning discovery of the Higgs boson in 2013.


Silicon detectors for HL-LHC

https://www.hamamatsu.com/eu/en/news/announcements/2019/20190912230004.html

8 inch Si pad detector

Silicon strip detectors


Silicon detectors -8inch PAD detector for CMS upgrade-

・For ECAL(all) and HCAL(partial) ・Large area (1pc/wafer)・High breakdown voltage (>800V)・Very high radiation hardness

Features

1E-10

1E-09

1E-08

1E-07

1E-06

1E-05

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Id (A

)

Vr (V)

1.E-10

1.E-09

1.E-08

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Id[A

]

Vr[V]

1st prototype 3rd prototypeI-V(dark) measurement results for each channel


Silicon detectors -8inch PAD detector for CMS upgrade-

8 inch PAD detectors have been evaluating by CMS group

Evaluation report from CERN


MPPCs for HEP


MPPC technology overview

➢What is an MPPC®?- Multi-Pixel Photon Counter

a new type of photon-counting devicemade up of multiple APD pixels operated in Geiger mode

pixel

APDQuenching resistor

Output is summation of all pixel output

➢Features- High gain: 105 to 106

- Small size / light weight- Low bias operation : ～60V- Room temperature operation- Excellent timing resolution- Insensitive to magnetic fields- Simple readout circuit operation

3-p.e.

2-p.e.

1-p.e.

Qout = Nfired×Cpixel×（Vop-VBR)Nfired = PDE x Nphoton


History of MPPCs

1st generation(S10362 series)

w/ Low afterpulse

Sensitivity (PDE)

2nd generation(S1257x series)

3rd generation(S1336x series)

w/ Low crosstalk & High Fill factor

2007

2013

2015

Noise

2017

Low Operation voltage

2018Latest MPPC

for PET(S1416x series)

Latest MPPC withwide dynamic range

(S14160 series)

NEW


The experiments with MPPCs2008 2014 2018

T2K experimentNear detector(ND280)

MEG II experimentLiquid Xe γ ray detector

・ Coupling with WLS fiber・ High PDE for WLS emission

S10362-13-050C S10943-4372

・ Designed for cryogenic condition (Liq.Xe)

・ High PDE for VUV (175nm)

LHCb SciFi Tracker

S13552

・ 128ch custom MPPC array・ Coupling wit fiber array

New MPPCs will be used for ND280 upgrade


New MPPCs for HEP experiments

Calorimeter Cherenkov telescope

・ Designed for cryogenic condition・ High PDE for VUV

(Liq.Ar:128nm, Liq.Xe :175nm)

・ Low RI package・ Low dark count in cryogenic condition

・ Small pixel pitch(10, 15um)

・ Low dark count・ Wide dynamic range・ High resistance against radiation

・ High PDE for UV range・ Low crosstalk probability・ Tillable package

PDE vs. Wavelength

PDE vs. Wavelength PDE vs. Wavelength

MPPC for VUV Wide dynamic range MPPCs for UV range

Neutrino & dark matter


MPPC customization for HEP

MPPC array for Mu2e calorimeter

MPPC array for the ASTRI gamma-ray astronomy project・ 8x8 ch. (7x7mm/elements)・ High sensitivity for Cherenkov light

MPPC array for CMS calorimeter

Chip designPackageLarge size arrayConnector outputTemperature sensor assembly

:


MPPCs with wide dynamic range


Wide dynamic range MPPC - Introduction -

Wide dynamic range MPPCS14160-1310PS/-1315PS, -3010PS, -3015PS

• High-dense pixels (10/15μm pitch ) with trench technique for Low crosstalk

• Break down voltage : 38V ( Low operation voltage )

• Low noise & higher PDE

S14160-1310PS

S14160-3010PS

2nd GenerationS12571/S12572 -010, -015C/P• High-dense pixels (10/15μm pitch) & high dynamic range

• Low after pulse

Left:S12571-010PRight:S12571-015C

Conventional model


Conventional S12571 S13360 New design

S14160Breakdown voltage 65 V 53 V 38 VTrench isolation none Yes YesTrench width - ~ 1 μm ~ 0.5 μm

Fill factor 10μm: 33%15μm: 53%

10/15μm no lineup

10μm: 31%15μm: 49%

0.5μm

Cross-section of micro-cells

trench

Wide dynamic range MPPC - Comparison table -


Conventional design (w/o trench)

Fill factor: 53%New design (w/ trench)

15 μm

10 μm

Fill factor: 49%

Fill factor: 33% Fill factor: 31%

Pixel pitch : 15μm

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2 4 6 8 10

Cro

ssta

lk p

roba

bilit

y

Overvoltage (V)

S14160-xx15

S12572-015C

Wide dynamic range MPPC - Microcells -

Crosstalk probability

New design (w/ trench)Conventional design(w/o trench)


Pixel pitch : 15μmTa=25℃, VR=VOP

Active area size : 3x3mm2

Pixel pitch : 15μm

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02

MPP

C ph

otoc

urre

nt [μ

A]

Incident power [nW]

S14160-3015

S12572-015

Photon detection efficiency vs. wavelength Linearity

Wide dynamic range MPPC - Characteristics -




arXiv:1809.04594v4

SiPM Workshop BARI 2019

SiPM Workshop BARI 2019The physical society of Japan

Annual meeting 2019

Many scientists are evaluating radiation hardness of the MPPCs.

Wide dynamic range MPPC - Radiation hardness -


VUV MPPC


VUV MPPC - Introduction -

Liquid-xenon (LXe) and liquid-argon (LAr) is used as scintillator for darkmatter search or Neutrinoless double beta decay(NDBD or 0νββ) experiments.

Their scintillation peak spectra are in VUV region and their temperatures are cryogenic.

Projects:

NDBD: nEXO, NEXT

dark matter: DARWIN, PandaX, SABRE

Muon: MEG-II

Request :VUV sensitivity Low temp. resistanceLow Radio Isotopic(RI) PKG(for rare event search experiment in low background noise)

VUV-MPPC in MEG-II experiment

S10943-4372


Our solution for direct detection is the “VUV-MPPC” series.

Protection layer (anti-reflection)

Absorption regionC

ross

sec

tion

of th

e M

PPC

cel

l

VUV photons

AvalancheTransport

For VUV light detection, precise control of MPPC’s protection layer and absorption region is required.Generated photo-electrons excited by VUV light are transported to avalanche region by electric field. To obtain higher carrier collect efficiency, defect-less device is required because crystal defect cause recombination of photo-electrons.

VUV MPPC - Introduction -


VUV-MPPC (4th generation: VUV4) has VUV-sensitivity down to 120nm.Optical cross-talk is suppressed by the inter-pixel trench structure.

Photon-counting capability is confirmed down to -196℃ at HPK.

VUV MPPC - Sensitivity -


Standard (S13370 series)・ Sensitivity for 128nm (LAr), 175nm (LXe)・ Active area : 3x3, 6x6 mm2・ Micro-cell size : 50, 75 μm・ Package type : ceramic・Window : none

For MEG II experiment (S13371-6050CQ-02)・ Sensitivity for 175nm (LXe)・ Active area : 5.95x5.85 mm2・ Micro-cell size : 50 μm・ Package type : ceramic・Window : quartz

Liq.Ar128nm

Liq.Xe175nm

Liq.Xe175nm

VUV MPPC - Line up -


Development of VUV MPPC - Sensitivity -

Fill factor * PDE *λ=175nm Feature

VUV4 58% 24% ･Based on standard model･Ceramic package

Next gen.Under development 74% 30% ･Higher fill factor

･Multi-channel (TSV)

*Pixel pitch : 50umPixel image

Activearea

Activearea

VUV4 Next gen.

Active area size30% increase

Sensitivity for VUV

VUV4(50ump)

Next gen.(50ump)


Development of VUV MPPC - Low background -

UNDER DEVELOPMENT

Silicon package MPPC array (wire type)4x4 channel (6x6mm / element)

Feature• Substrate material: silicon with TSV

(resin free, ultra-low radioisotope)• Wire / TSV multi-channel• Quartz window / windowless type

• Surface mount type • Suitable for cryogenic condition


Development of VUV MPPC - Low dark count -

Data from the poster* in TAUP2019

*Characterization of new photo-detectors for the future dark matter experiments with liquid xenon

The LDC-MPPC which has low dark count in cryogenic condition is under development.

The scientists in Nagoya university are evaluating a prototype of LDC-MPPC.

Low dark count trend are confirmed at low temperature.

(DCR may suppressed ~1/10 of STD-MPPC.)

Characteristics at further low temperature are being evaluated


Conclusion

New silicon detectors were developed for HL-LHC- 8 inch PAD detectors for CMS calorimeter- SSDs for CMS and ATLAS tracker

New MPPCs for HEP experiments are being developed- MPPC for calorimetry (radiation hardness)- VUV MPPC (high sensitivity, low dark count and low background)

Direction- Flexible for requirement to HEP & industry field- PET (excellent timing resolution)- LiDAR (high sensitivity for NIR)

Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 31

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Documents

Current status of Hamamatsu Si detectors for collider ... · HPK Si detectors contributed to the Nobel-Prize winning discovery of the Higgs boson in 2013. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K