Current Literature on Human Memory, Learning, Ano Thinking

CURRENT LITERATURE ON HUMAN MEMORY, LEARNING, ANO THINKING

Citations of current literature are arranged in outline form so that readers may easily fInd the particular articles in w~ch they are interested. The literature on Human Experimental Psychology is divided into two parts, with each part appeanng 'in alternate months. The part covered here consists of Human Memory, Learning, and Thinking. The part to be pu~li~ed next month will consist of citations on Perception, Performance, and Experimental Socia! Psychology. The pnnclpa! headings used are given on the cover along with page references.

HUMAN LEARNING

DEICHMANN, J. W., SPELTZ, M. B., & KAUSLER, D. H. Developmental trends in the intentional and incidental learning components of a verbal discrimination task. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,21-34.

FRIEDRICHS, A. G., HERTZ, T. W., MOYNAHAN, E. D., SIMPSON, W. E., ARNOLD, M. R., CHRISTY, M. D., COOPER, C. R., & STEVENSON, H. W, Interrelations among learning and performance tasks at the preschool level. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,164-172.

KNOWLES, B. A., HAMMOND, K. R., STEWART, T. R., & SUMMERS, D. A. Positive and negative redundancy in multiple cue probability tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 158·159.

UEBERT, R. M., & SWENSON, S. A. Abstraction, inference, and the process of imitative learning. .Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,500-504.

MITCHELL, T. R., & BIGLAN, A. Instrumentality theories: Current uses in psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 1971,76, 432-454.

NICKI, R. M., & SHEA, J. R. Learning, curiosity, and $Ocial group membership. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,124-132.

PAIVIO, A., & ROWE, E. J. Intrapair i magery effects in verbal discrimination and incidental associative learning. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 302-312.

WIESEN, J. P. Comment on "General shape function model of learning with applications in psychobiology." Psychological Review, 1971,78,272-273.

WILLIAMS, M. L., & WlLLOUGHBY, R. H. Observational learning: The effects oe age, task difficuIty, and observers' motoric rehearsal. J oumal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 12,146-156.

CONDITIONING BROOKSHIRE, R. H. Response

Psychon. Sei., 1972, Vol. 26 (4)

suppression by response-contingent noise: Effects of conditioning history. Psychonornic Science, 1971,23,265-267.

CHO, S., & MITCHELL, D. S. Stimulus generalization in sensory preconditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,87, 405-409.

COHEN, M_ J., & JOHNSON, H. J. ReJationship between heart rate and muscular activity within a classical conditioning paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 222-226.

COX, B. Simulation of neural sets. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1971, 3,81-84.

DiCARA, L. V. Learning of cardiovascular responses: A review and a description of physiological and biochernical consequences. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1971, 33, 411-422 .

FREZZA, D. A., & HOLLAND, J. G. Operant conditioning of the human salivary response. Psychophysiology, 1971, 8, 581-587_

GREENE, W. A., & SUTOR, L. T. Stimulus control of skin resistance responses on an escape-avoidance schedule. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1971,16,269-274.

LAIRD, G. S., & FENZ, W. D. Effects of respiration on heart rate in an aversive classical conditioning situation. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 395-411.

LLOYD, A. J., & LEIBRECHT, B. C. Conditioning of a single motor unit. Journal of Experimen tal Psychology, 1971, 88,391-395.

OLSON, C. L. Tbe magnitude of sensory preconditioning as a function of the time interval between stimulus onsets. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 22, 117-118.

SAMEROFF, A. J. Can conditioned responses be established in the newborn infant: 1971? Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,1-12.

scmCK, K. Operants. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1971,15,413-423.

WEISS, R. F., MILLER, F. G., LANGAN, C. J., & CECIL, J. S. Social facilitation of attitude change. Psychonomic Science, 1971,22,113-114.

ZELAZO, P_ R. Smiling to social stimuli: Eliciting and conditioning effects. Developmental Psychology, 1971,4,32-42.

Eyelid Conditioning ALLEN, C. K., & BRANUM, A. R.

Differential eyelid conditioning as a function of the probability of reinforcement of the conditioned stimuli. Psychonomic Science, 1971,22,251-252.

FUREDY, J. J. Cross-modal differentiation under identical reinforcement schedules, and UCS-intensity effects in human classical eyelid conditioning. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971,25,7-23.

GENDREAU, P., & SUBOSKI, M. D. I ntelligence and age in discrimination conditioning of the eyelid response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 379-382.

GORMEZANO, 1., & FERNALD, C. D. Human eyelid conditioning with paraorbital shock as the USo psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 88-90.

PERRY, L. C., ORNSTEIN, P. A., WATTERS, W. C., & GRANT, D. A. Effects of number and type of verbal conditioned stimuli upon differential eyelid conditioning. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 459-469.

ROSS, S. M., & ROSS, L. E. Comparison of trace and delay classical eyelid conditioning as a function of interstimulus interval. J 0 u r n a I 0 fEx per i me n tal Psychology, 1971, 91, 165-167.

SCHUMSKY, D. A., TRINDER, J., & RlCHMAN, C. L. Human operant eyelid conditioning: Auditory vs visual reinforcing signal. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 22, 359-360.

GSR Conditioning BULL, R. H. C., & GALE, A. Tbe

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relationships between some measures of the galvanic skin response. Psychonomic Science, 1971,25,293-294.

COFFMAN, M., & KIMMEL, H. D. Instrumental conditioning of the GSR: A comparison of light deprivation and monotony hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 410-413.

DAS, J. P., & BOWER, A. C. Orientating responses of mentally retarded and normal subjects to word-signals. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 89-96.

DENGERINK, H. A., & TA YLOR, S. P. Multiple responses with differential properties in delayed galvanic skin response conditioning: A review. Psychophysiology, 1971, 8,348-360.

EPSTEIN, S., & BAHM, R. Verbal hypothesis formulation during classical conditioning of the GSR. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,87, 187-197.

FUREDY, J. J. Explicitly-unpaired and truly·random CS-Controls in human classical differential au t 0 nomie conditioning. Psyehophysiology, 1971, 8, 497-503.

FUREDY, J. J., & SCHIFFMAN, K. Test of the propriety of the traditional discriminative control procedure in Pavlovian electrodermal and plethysmographic conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91, 161-164.

GRINGS, W. W., & SCHELL, A. M. E ff ects of trace versus delay conditioning, interstimulus interval variability, and instructions on UCR diminution. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 136-140.

GRINGS, W. W., & SUKONECK, H. I. Prediction probability as a determiner of anticipatory and preparatory electrodermal behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,310-317.

HARVEY, B., & WlCKENS, D. D. Effect of instructions on responsiveness to the CS and to the UCS in GSR conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psyehology, 1971, 87,137-140.

KATZ, A., WEBB, L., & STOTLAND, E. Cognitive influences on the rate of GSR extinction. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5, 208-215.

LANNING, A. W., & YAREMKO, R. M. Resistance to extinction in GSR conditioning: Effects of postpeak CR training and preextinetion rest. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,433-435.

MORROW, M. C., RUETER, H. H., &

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KRAMER, L. L. W. Within-S ISI variations in GSR conditioning. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 23, 185-187.

ÖHMAN, A. Interaction between instruction-induced expeetancy and strength of unconditioned stimulus in GSR eonditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 384-390.

ROSSI, A. M. Note on GSRs as operants during sensory deprivation. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33,722.

SCHELL, A. M., & GRINGS, W. W. Judgments of UCS intensity and diminution of the unconditioned GSR. Psyehophysiology, 1971, 8, 427-432.

TON, W. H., & BOULGER, J. R. Voluntary inhibition of galvanie skin response. Psychologieal Reports, 1971, 29, 603-606.

ZEINER, A. R., & SCHELL, A. M. Individual differences in orienting, conditionability, and skin resistance responsivity. Psychophysiology, 1971,8,612-622.

A versive Conditioning BOBBITT, R. G., & BECK, R. C.

Semantic differential judgments of single and multiple conditioned stimuli with an aversive delay eonditioning paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 398-402.

FUREDY, J. J., & DOOB, A. N. Classical aversive eonditioning of human digital volume-pulse change and tests of the preparatory-adaptive-response interpretation of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 403-407.

HESS, A., & BREZNITZ, S. Termination of a stressful task reduces fear of an approaching shock. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 23, 311-312.

LEVIS, D. J. Effects of serial CS presentation on a finger-withdrawal avoidanee response to shock. Journal of Experimental Psyehology, 1971,87,71-77.

MOFFAT, G. H., & MILLER, F. D. E ff e c t of pretraining and instructions on avoidanee conditioning in presehool children. Journal of Experimental Child Psyehology, 1971, 11, 133-138.

TRIMBLE, R. W. Applications of the vieious eircle paradigm to human subjects. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5, 23-29.

Verbal Conditioning BROTSKY, S. J., & KELLER, W. H.

Semantic conditioning and generalization of the galvanie skin response: Locus of mediation in

c1assical conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 383-389.

DIXON, T. R., & SMITH, R. C. Verbs as reinforcers: Does the impression value of verbs influence response choice in senten ce generation tasks? Journal of General Psychology, 1971,84,267-273.

FILLER, J. W., JR., & WILLIAMS, J. E. Conditioning the connotative meanings of color names to human figures. Pereeptual & Motor Skills, 1971,32,755-763.

KENNEDY, T. D. Reinforcement frequeney, task characteristics, and interval of awareness assessment as factors in verbal eonditioning without awareness. Journal of Experimental Psyehology, 1971, 88, 103-112.

LAUNGANI, D. The effect of reinforcement or previously learned habits in verbal conditioning. Journal of General Psyehology, 1971,85,171-176.

PAGE, M. M. Effects of evaluation apprehension on cooperation in verbal eonditioning. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5,85-91.

PERRY, L. C., ORNSTEIN, P. A., WATTERS, W. C., & GRANT, D. A. Effects of number and type of verbal conditioned stimuli upon differential eyelid eonditioning. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10, 459-469.

SALLOWS, G. 0., DAWES, R. M., & LICHTENSTEIN, E. Subjective value of the reinforeer (RSv) and performance: Crux of the S-R versus cognitive mediation controversy. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 274-281.

ULEMAN, J. S., & VandenBOS, G. R. Generalized verbal conditioning: Some effects of the meaning and delay of reinforcement on awareness and eonditioning. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5, 49-56.

UNIKEL, I. P., & STRAIN, G. S. Type of reinforcement and generality in verbal operant conditioning. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28, 495-500.

DISCRIMINATION LEARNING ALLEN, S. A., SPEAR, P. S., &

LUCKE, J. R. Effects of social reinforeement on learning and retention in children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,73-80.

BERCH, D. B. Comments on Biederman's "Continuity theory revisited: A failure in a basic assumption." Psychological Review, 1971,78,260-261.

Psyehon. Sei., 1972, Vol. 26 (4)

DOEHRING, D. G. Serial order effects in auditory discrimination by oddity and matching to sampie. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10, 137-14I.

FISCHER, G. J. Number of event choices and the difference between event probabilities in human probability learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 192-196.

FRIEDRICHS, A. G., HERTZ, T. W., MOYNAHAN, E. D., SIMPSON, W. E., ARNOLD, M. R., CHRISTY, M. D., COOPER, C. R., & STEVENSON, H. W. Interrelations among leaming and performance tasks at the preschool level. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,164-172.

HAAF, R. A. Cue and incentive motivational properties of reinforcers in children's discrimination leaming. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,1-10.

KARPF, D., & LEVINE, M. Blank-trial probes and introtacts in human discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 51-55.

K 0 E N , F. Verbal mediators in cross-modal form discrimination. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971,25,103-110.

MAY, R. B., & MacPHERSON, D. F. Size discrimination in children facilitated by changes in task difficulty. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 1971, 7,453-458.

McKENZIE, B., & DA Y, R. H. Operant learning of visual pattern discrimination in young infants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11, 45-53.

McLACHLAN, J. C., & CARMEAN, S. L. Visual discrimination learning as a function of mode of auxiliary activity and instructed information. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 106-108.

NAZZARO, J. N., RODRIGUES, R., & NAZZARO, J. R. Configuration variables in visual discrimination learning. Journal of General Psychology, 1971,85,45-50.

NORMAN, M. F. Slow leaming with small drift in two-absorbing-barrier models. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971,8, 1-2I.

ODOM, R. D., & MUMBAUER, C. C. Dimensional salience and identification of the relevant dimension in problem solving: A developmental study. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,135-140.

RABINOWITZ, F. M., & DeMYER, S. Stimulus and response alternation in young children. Developmental Psy,chology, 1971, 4, 43-54.

ROSEN, A.-S., & SCHALLING, D.

Psychon. ScL, 1972, Vol. 26 (4)

Probability learning in psychopathic and nonpsychopathie ·criminals. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5, 191-198.

SANDERS, R. M. Two parameters of human discrimination learning. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28, 747-753.

SMOTHERGILL, D. W., & COOK, H. Tests between two models of s tim u I u s predifferentiation. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971 , 33,55-58.

STEINMAN, W. M., & BOYCE, K. D. Generalized imitation as a function of discrimination difficulty and choice. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11, 251-265.

TOLKMI'IT, F. J., & O'CONNOR, G. P. Influence of stimulus discriminability on psychological refractory period effect. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 571-574.

TURNURE, J. E. Control of orienting behavior in children under five years of age_ Developmental Psychology, 1971,4,16-24.

VANCE, B. J., & SIEGEL, A. W. The relative effectiveness of observing response vs predifferentiation pretraining on children's dis c r im ination learning. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 183-185.

WELCH, R. B. Discriminative conditioning of prism adaptation. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10,90-92.

WILSON, L. R. Successive discrimination learning of children with and without perceptual-motor handicaps. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 935-942.

WOHLWILL, J. F. Effect of correlated visual and tactual feedback on auditory pattern learning at different age levels. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,213-228.

Discrirnination Shift DOUGLASS, H. J., & BOURNE, L. E.,

JR. Chronological age and performance on problems with repeated presolution shifts. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,329-333.

GOUI:.ET, L. R. Basic issues in reversal-shift behavior: A replyto Kendler and Kendler. Psychological Bulletin, 1971,75,286-289.

KEMLER, D. G., & SHEPP, B. E. Learning and transfer of dimensional relevance and irrelevance in chiIdren. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 120-127.

KENDLER, H. H., & WARD, J. W. Single versus cumulative presentation of stimuli to k i ndergartners in reversal shift behavior. Developmental Psychology, 1971,5,420-426.

LOWENKRON, B., & DRIESSEN, E. C. Solution mode in concept-identification problems and magnitude of the overlearning reversal effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 85-9I.

SCHELL, D. J. Conceptual behavior in young children: Learning to shift dimensional attention. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,12,72-87.

TIGHE, T. J., GLICK, J., & COLE, M. Subproblem analysis of discrimination-shift learning. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 159-160.

TOUCHETTE, P. E. Transfer of stimulus control: Measuring the moment of transfer. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1971,15,347-354.

VERBAL LEARNING . CLOUSE, B. Selected cues in the

acquisition and retention of four meaningful C-V-C trigrams. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33,83-90.

CRAMER, P. Can semantic generalization occur without CS presentation? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 380-383.

FRIEDRICHS, A. G., HERTZ, T. W., MOYNAHAN, E. D., SIMPSON, W. E., ARNOLD, M. R., CHRISTY, M. D., COOPER, C. R., & STEVENSON, H. W. Interrelations among learning and performane tasks at the preschool level. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,164-172.

GUTHRIE, J. T. The effect of two typ es of verbal hierarchy on problem solving. Journal of General Psychology, 1971,84,213-218.

HALL, J. F. Verbal learning, retention, and memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 412-418.

KOEN, F. Verbal mediators in cross-modal form discrimination. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971,25,103-110.

MARTIN, E. Verbal learning theory and independent retrieval phenomena. Psychological Review, 1971,78,314-332.

SA'lTLER, J. M., & NORDMARK, T., JR. Verbal learning in schizophrenics and normals. Psychological Record, 1971, 21, 241-246.

SCHULMAN, A. I. Recognition memory for targets from a scanned word list. Brltish Journal of Psychology, 1971,62,335-346.

SLAK, S. Note on the phonernic code for digital information. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 110.

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Paired Associate Learning ARBUCKLE, T. Y. Mediational

instructions, stage of practice, presentation rate, and retrieval cue in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88,396-402.

BALCa, W. R., & SHAPIRO, S. I. Studies of paired-associate learning as a function or normative word -asso cia t io n strength. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29, 187-190.

BATCHELDER, W. H. A theoretical and empirical comparison of the all-or-none multilevel theory and t he mixed model. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 82-108.

BATl'IG, W. F., & HUANG, S.-J. Experiment giant. Effects of five sources of variation in intratask interference on paired-associate learning and transfer. Psychonomic Monograph Supplements, 1971, 4(9, Whole No. 57).

BAUMEISTER, A. A., & CAMPBELL, C. Formation of backward assocaitions in paired-associates learning by normal children and retardates. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89,298-305.

BAUMEISTER, A. A., GORDON, D. A., & BERRY, F. M. Response availability versus differentiation in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 293-297.

BERDIANSKY, C. S. Frequency of pairs of items and associative probability in learning. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29, 127-133.

BERRY, F. M., & BAUMEISTER, A. A. Cue selection methodology in paired-associate learning. Journal of General Psychology, 1971. 85, 123-130.

BERRY, F. M., JOUBERT;-c.E~;-& BAUMEISTER, A. A. Single-letter cue selection and degree of pairedassociate learning in retardates. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 196-204.

BUGELSKI, B. R., & McMAHON, M. L. The total time hypothesis: A reply to Stubin, Heurer, and Tatz. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90,165-166.

CALFEE, R. C., & ANDERSON, R. Presentation rate effects in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 239-245.

CHENOWETH, E. A., & WILCOVE, G. L. Perceptual and linguistic encoding in recognition memory and paired-associate learning. Psychological Reports, 1971 , 28, 803-806.

DI VESTA, F. J. The effects of connotative similarity in children's

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learning of a paired-associate task. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11, 35-44.

DUFFY, T. M. Mnemonics and intra-list interference in paired'associate leaming. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 33-41.

FRAUNFELKER, B. S. Phonetic compatibility in paired-associate learning of first- and third-grade children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 211-215.

GALLAGHER, J. W., & REID, D. R. Paired-associate leaming of children with mixed list designs. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,300.

GORDON, D. A., & BAUMEISTER, A. A. The use of verbal mediation in the retarded as a function of developmental level and response availability. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,12,95-105.

GOYEN, J. D., & LYLE, J. G. Effect of incentives upon retarded and normal readers on a visual-associate learning task. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,274-280.

GREENO, J. G., JAMES, C. T., & DaPOLITO, F. J. A cognitive interpretation of negative transfer and forgetting of paired associates. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 331-345.

IZAWA, C. Massed and spaced practice in paired-associate learning: List versus item distributions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 10-21.

KEISTER, R. S., & ERICKSON, J. R. Reduction of the guessing pool in paired-associate learning. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 168-170.

KEPPEL, G., BONGE, D., STRAND, B. Z., & PARKER, J. Direct and indirect interference in the recall of paired associates. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 414-422.

LEECH, S., & WITTE, K. L. Paired-associate learning in elderly adults as related to pacing and incentive conditions. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 180.

McCULLERS, J. C. Verbal paired-associate learning in children and adults with anticipation, recognition, and recall methods. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,112-117.

McNICOL, D., & RYDER, L. A. Sensitivity and response bias effects in the learning of familiar and unfamiliar associations by rote or with a mnemonic. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 81-89.

MILLER, S. Free associative prediction of mediated learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89,187-191.

PAIVIO, A., & OKOVITA, H. W. Word imagery modalities and associative learning in blind and sighted subjects. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10,506-510.

PERLMUTER, L. C., MONTY, R. A., & KIMBLE, G. A. Effect of choice on paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,47-53.

RICHARDSON, J. Cue effectiveness and abstraction in paired-associate learning. Psychological Bulletin, 1971,75,73-91.

SCHLOTTMANN, R. S., & DACHOWSKI, L. Retroaction, intrusions, and group paired-associate learning. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 85, 137-143.

SMALLWOOD, R. D. The analysis of economic teaching strategies for a simple learning model. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 285-301.

SOLSO, R. L. Stimulus selection among trisyllable stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 289-291.

TZENG, O. J. L. Amount of information and intralist similarity in paired-associates learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,227-232.

WEARING, A. J. On the Adams-Bray retrieval model. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 96-101.

WEAVER, G. E., ROSE, R. G., & CAMPBELL, N. R. Item-specific retroactive inhibition in mixed-list comparisons of the A·B, A-C, and A-B, D-C paradigms. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,488-498.

WICKER, F. W. Pictures, words, and imagery mediation in paired-associate learning. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 135-144.

WICKER, F. W., & HOLLEY, F. M. Distraction modality and stimulus modality in paired-associate learning. Psychonomic Science, 1971,25,218-220.

WILLIAMS, J. R., HINRICHS, J. V., & HENIGBAUM, C. Stimulus functions for constant serial order in paired-associate learning. Journal of Verbal Leaming & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 556-561.

WOLFORD, G. Funetion of distinet associations for paired-associate performance. Psychological Review, 1971,78,303-313.

YARMEY, A. D., & BARKER, W. J. Repetition versus imagery instructions in the immediate- and


delayed-retention of picture and word paired-associates. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 56-6I.

Y ARMEY, A. D., & URE, G. Incidental learning, noun imagery-concreteness and direction of associations in paired-associate learning. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 91-102.

YOUNG, J. L. Reinforcement-test intervals in paired-associate learning. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 58-8l.

YOUNG, J. L., & SClllFFER, R. L. Compound and simple responses in paired-associate learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91, 206-211. Verbal Discrimination Learning

DEICHMANN, J. W., SPELTZ, M. B., & KAUSLER, D. H. Developmental trends in the intentional and incidental learning components of a verbal discrimination task. Journal of Experimental ChiId Psychology, 1971,11,21-34.

HALL, J. W. Young chiIdren's memory encoding reflected in verbal discrimination learning and recognition memory performance. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 91-93.

JACOBS, P. 1., & VANDEVENTER, M. The learning and transfer of do u ble-classification skills: A replication and extension. Journal of Experimental ChiId Psychology, 1971,12,240-257.

KING, M. E., & LEVIN, I. P. Testsof frequency theory in verbal discrimination transfer with varying paradigms and List 1 trials. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 226-228.

LOVELACE, E. A., & SCHULZ, L. S. Intrapair associations in verbal discrimination learning. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 157-158.

P AIVIO, A., & ROWE, E. J. Intrapair imagery effects in verbal discrimination and incidental associative learning. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 302-312.

PAUL, H. Ratio of correct to incorrect alternatives: A test of the frequency hypo thesis of verbal discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 285-286.

lADTKE, R. C., JACOBY, L. L., & GOEDEL, G. D. Frequency discrimination as a function of frequency of repetition and trials. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 78-84.

WBBINS, D., & MEDIN, D. L. Cue selection after multiple-cue probabiIity training. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91, 333-335.

sychon. Sci., 1972, Vol. 26 (4)

ROWE, E. J., & PAIVIO, A. Word frequency and imagery effects in verbal discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,319-326.

Serial Learning CUNNINGHAM, M., & COLLINS, C.

T. Mediated facilitation as a function of relative availabiIity of reinforcement for mediation. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29, 103-108.

FARWELL, B. A., & VITZ, P. C. A test of the Feigenbaum and Simon model of serial learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91, 240-244.

LIPPMAN, L. G. Compound stimuli in serial leaming. Journal of General Psychology, 1971,84,191-199.

LlPPMAN, L. G. Organization of intralist similarity in serial learning. Journal of General Psychology, 1971,85,39·43.

MANDLER, G., & ANDERS ON, R. E. Temporal and spatial cues in seriation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90,128-135.

MILLER, S. Free associative prediction of mediated leaming. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 187-191.

MUIR, D., & YOUSSEF, Z. I. The transfer of interitem associations in serial learning. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 69-70.

SHEBILSKE, W., & EBENHOLTZ, S. M. Ebbinghaus' derived-list experiments reconsidered. Psychological Review, 1971, 78, 553-555.

TURNER, K. D., & LIPPMAN, L. G. Serial isolation effect as a function of instructions and stimulus intensity. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 85,107-114.

Word and Sentence Leaming JOHNSON, R. E. Differential

meaningfulness and isolation effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88,376-379.

KOH, S. D., VERNON, McC., & BAILEY, W. Free-recall learning of word lists by prelingual deaf subjects. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 542-547.

NODINE, C. F., & LANG, N. J. Development of visual scanning strategies for differentiating words. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,221-232.

PETERSON, M. J. Imagery and the grammatical classification of cues. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,307-313.

ROBERTS, D. M., & DUMLAO-VALISNO, M. Relationships between aptitudes and vocabulary learning at different

stages of practice. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 281-291.

SASSON, R. Y. Interfering images at se n te n ce retrievaI. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 56-62.

SMITH, R. C., & DIXON, T. R. Frequency and the judged familiarity of meaningful words. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,279-281.

TOWNSEND, J. T. AIphabetic confusion: A test of models for individuals. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 9, 449-454.

REINFORCEMENT AKAMATSU, T. J., & THELEN, M. H.

The acquisition and performance of a socially neutral response as a fu nction of vicarious reward. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,440-445.

ALLEN, S. A., SPEAR, P. S., & LUCKE, J. R. Effects of social reinforcement on learning and retention in children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,73-80.

ALUSON, T. S., & ALLISON, S. L. Time-out from reinforcement: Effect on sibling aggression. Psychological Record, 1971, 21, 81-86.

ANNETr, J. Reinforcement and information: A reply. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 406-408.

BANDURA, A., & BARAB, P. G. Conditions governing nonreinforced imitation. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 244-255.

BAUMEISTER, A. A., & FOREHAND, R. Effects of extinction of an instrumental response on stereotyped body rocking in severe retardates. Psychological Record, 1971, 21, 235-240.

BLACKMAN, D. E., & THOMAS, G. V. Critical notice: Reinforcement and information. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 403-407.

BORDEN, R. J., BOWEN, R., & TAYLOR, S. P. Shock-setting behavior as a function of physical attack and extrinsie reward. Perceptual & Motor SkiIls, 1971, 33, 563-568.

BRANNIGAN, G. G., & TOLOR, A. Self-parental distance, control of reinforcement, and personal future time perspective. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1971, 119, 151-157.

BRESNAHAN, J. L., & BLUM, W. L. Chaotic reinforcement: A socioeconomic leveler. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,89-92.

BUFFORD, R. K. Discrimination and instructions as factors in the control of nonreinforced imitation. Journal

231

of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 12, 35-50.

CARON, R. F., CARON, A. J., & CALDWELL, R. C. Satiation of visual reinforcement in young infants. Developmental Psychology, 1971,5,279-289.

DEUSEN, M. W.-V., & HALL, A. E. Need for associative novelty: An unreliable effect. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality,1971, 5, 119-123.

D XON, T. R., & SMITH, R. C. Verbs as reinforcers: Does the impression value of verbs influence response choice in sentence generation tasks? Journal of General Psychology, 1971,84,267-273.

FRAKES, F. V. Acquisition of disliking for persons associated with punishment. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 251-255.

FUREDY, J. J., & DOOB, A. N. Autonomie responses and verbal reports in further tests of the pr eparatory-adaptive -response interpretation of reinforcement. J 0 u r n a I 0 fEx per i m e n tal Psychology, 1971, 89,258-264.

FUREDY, J. J., & DOOB, A. N. Classical aversive conditioning of human digital volume-puJse change and tests of the preparatory-adaptive-response interpretation of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 403-407.

HAAF, R. A. Cue and incentive motivational properties of reinforcers in children's discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,1-10.

IZA W A, C. The test tOO potentiating model. Journal of Mathematica1 Psychology, 1971, 8, 200-224.

KELLER, H. R. Children's acquisition and reversal behavior in a probability learning situation as a function of programed instruction, internal-external control, and schedules of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,281-295.

MASSARI, D. J. Reinforcer effectiveness in children as a function of stimulus satiation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11, 310-321.

O'LEARY, K. D., & DRABMAN, R. Token reinforcement pro grams in the c1assroom: A review. Psyehologieal Bulletin, 1971, 75, 379-398.

PENDERGRASS, V. E. Effects of length of time-out from positive reinforcement and schedule of applieation in suppression of aggressive behavior. Psychologieal Record, 1971, 21, 75-80.

POON, L., & HALPERN, J. A small-trials PREE with adult

232

humans: Resistance to extinction as a function of number of N-R transitions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91,124-128.

POWELL, J., & HAKE, D. F. Positive vs. negative reinforcement: A direct comparison of effects on a complex human response. Psyehological Record, 1971, 21, 191-205.

SALLOWS, G. 0., DAWES, R. M., & LICHTENSTEIN, E. Subjective value of the reinforcer (RSv) and performance: Crux of the S-R versus cognitive mediation co n troversy. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 274-281.

SATTLER, J. M. Verbal conditioning of common associations and need for approval. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 84, 281-290.

STRONGMAN, K. T., WOOKEY, P. E., & REMINGTON, R. E. Elation. British Journal of Psychology, 1971,62,481-492.

TRIMBLE, R. W. Applications of the vicious cirele paradigm to human subjects. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5, 23-29.

UNlKEL, I. P., & STRAIN , G. S. Type of reinforcement and generality in verbal operant conditioning. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28, 495-500.

VOGEL-SPROTT, M. Response resistance to punishment and extinction as a funetion of instructions manipulating informative properties of blank trials. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29,423-429.

WARD, W. D. Perceived similarity to parents as a function of their secondary reinforcement value. Perceptual & Motor SkiIJs, 1971, 33,203-210.

WATSON, -p~ Individual differences in children's reactions to reward and nonreward. Journal of Experimental' Child Psychology, 1971, 12, 170-181.

WITTIG, M. A., & WEIR, M. W. The role of reinforcement proeedure in children's probability learning as a function of age and number of response alternatives. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,12,228-239.

YELEN, D. R. The acquisition and extinction of superstitious behavior. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5, 1-6.

YOUNG, J. L. Reinforcement-test intervals in paired-associate learning. Journal of Mathematical Psyehology, 1971,8,58-81.

Magnitude and Duration LAKOTA, R. A., & MADISON, H. L.

Luminance and reinforcement delay in probability learning. Journal of

Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 277-278.

NICHOLSON, J. N., & GRAY, J. A. Behavioural contrast and peak shift in children. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 367-373.

ULEMAN, J. S., & VandenBOS, G. R. Generalized verbal conditioning: Same effects of the meaning and delay of reinforcement on awareness and conditioning. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1971, 5, 49-56.

WEINSTEIN, L. Effects of a reduction in reward magnitude on active avoidance behavior in humans. Psyehonomic Science, 1971, 25, 205-206.

WEINSTEIN, L. Effects of an increment in monetary incentive magnitude on instrumental responding and repeated increases in re ward magnitude in humans. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 235-237.

WEISS, R. F., BOYER, J. L., COLWICK, J. T., & MORAN, D. J. A delay of reinforcement gradient and correlated reinforcement in the instrumental conditioning of conversational behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 33-38.

YOUNG, J. L. Reinforcement-test intervals in paired-associate learning. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 58·81.

Schedules of Reinforcement ALLISON, T. S., & ALLISON, S. L.

Time-out from reinforcement: Effect on sibling aggression. Psychological Record, 1971, 21, 81-86.

AMSEL, A., WONG, P. T. P., & TRAUPMANN, K. L. Short-term and long-term factors in extinction and durable persistence. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 90-95.

BIRNBRAUER, J. S. Effects of pairing stimuli with reinforcement on multiple schedule performance of children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1971,16,355-365.

DORSEY, T. E., KANFER, F. H., & DUERFELDT, P. H. Task difficulty and noncontingent reinforcement schedules as factors in self-reinforcement. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 84, 323-334.

FREEMAN, B. J. Behavioral contrast: Reinforcement frequency or response suppression? Psychological Bulletin, 1971,75,347-356.

FUREDY, J. J. Cross-modal differentiation under identical reinforcement schedules, and UCS-intensity effects in human c1assical eyelid conditioning.


Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971,25,7-23.

HALPERN, J., & POON, L. Human partial reinforcement extinction effects: An information-processing development from Capaldi's sequential theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph, 1971,89, 207 -227.

JONES, M. R. From probability learning to sequential processing: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 1971,76,153-185.

KOTESKEY, R. L., HENDRIX, M. M. Increased resistance to extinction as a function of double and single al ternation and of subsequent continuous reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88,423-428.

NEWBERRY, B. H. Response variability and the partial reinforcement effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 137-141.

PENDERGRASS, V. E. Effects of

length of time-out from positive reinforcement and schedule of application in suppression of aggressive behavior. Psychological Record, 1971, 21, 75-80.

SCHMITT, D. R. Effects of intermittent reinforcing conseq uences on task choice. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28, 771-776.

TRAUPMANN, K. L., WONG, P. T. P., & AMSEL, A. Durability of persistence as a function of number of partially reinforced trials. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88,372-375.

VOGEL-SPROTr, M. Informative properties of a blank trial: Effect of environmental stimuli associated with blanks on resistance to extinction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 419-421.

YOUNG, J. L. Reinforcement-test intervals in paired-associate learning. J 0 ur n a I 0 f M a t h e m a t i cal Psychology, 1971, 8, 58-81.

HUMAN MEMORY

ALLEN, S. A., SPEAR, P. S., & LUCKE, J. R. Effects of social reinforcement on learning and retention in children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,73-80.

ELLIOTr, L. L. Auditory memory for one and two tones. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1971,49,450-456.

GUILFORD, J. P. memory and their Journal of General 1971,85,207-228.

Varieties of implications. Psychology ,

HALL, J. F. Verbal leaming, retention, and memory. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25, 412-418.

HINTZMAN, D. L., & BLOCK, R. A. Repetition and memory: Evidence for a multiple-trace hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88,297-306.

JAMES, C. T. Memory search of simple sentences using unequal probe frequencies. Psychonomic Science, 1971,25,81-82.

JUOLA, J. F., & ATKINSON, R. C. Memory scanning for words versus categories. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10,522-527.

KAUFMAN, H. M., HAMMELL, T. J., & LAMB, J. C. Information transmission rates in a task requiring memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 74-77. .

LOFTUS, G. R. Comparison of recognition and recall in a continuous memory task. Journal o'f Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 220-226.


MARLEY, A. A. J. An observable property of a generalization of Kinchla 's düfusion model of perceptual memory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 481-488.

MARTIN, E. Verbal learning theory and independent retrieval phenomena. Psychological Review, 1971,78,314-332.

NEIMARK, E., SLOTNICK, N. S., & ULRICH, T. Development of me morization strategies. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,427-432.

ROBERTS, H. M. Conscious experiences are a memory process. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29, 591-594.

SCHAEFFER, B., LEWIS, J. A., & V AN DECAR, A. The growth of children 's semantic memory: Semantic elements. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,296-309.

TATE, J. D., & SPRINGER, R. M. Effects of memory time on successive judgments. Psychological Bulletin, 1971,76,394-408.

WILLIAMS, I. D. The effects of practice trials and prior learning on motor memory. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1971, 3, 205-211.

LONG-TERM MEMORY ADAMS, J. A., MARSHALL, P. H., &

BRAY, N. W. Closed-Ioop theory and long-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 242-250.

DOOLING, D. J., & LACHMAN, R. Effects of comprehension on

retention of prose. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 216-222.

DUNCAN, K. D. Long-term retention and transfer of an industrial search skill. British Journal of Psychology, 1971,62,439-448.

FERGENSON, P. E., & TEICHNER, W. H. Short·long-term memory interaction with underleamed long-term storage. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 85, 51-61.

FRANKS, J. J., & BRANSFORD, J. D. Abstraction of visual patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90,65-74.

GRASHA, A. F., RIECHMANN, P., NEWMAN, A., & FRUTH, T. Single-trial recall and recognition memory under conditions where the number and availability of responses are equated. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 306-310.

HALWES, T., & JENKINS, J. J. Problem of serial order in behavior is not resolved by context-sensitive associative memory models. Psychological Review,. 1971, 78, 122-129.

HINTZMAN, D. L., & BLOCK, R. A. Repetition and memory: Evidence for a multiple-trace hypothesis. Journal 0 f Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 297-306.

HOGAN, R. M., & KINTSCH, W. Differential effects of study and test trials on long-term recognition and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 562-567.

NELSON, T. O. Savings and forgetting from long-term memory. Journalof Verbal Leaming & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,568-576.

PHILIPCHALK, R. P., & BEGG, I. Context concreteness and form class in the retention of nonsense syllabies. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10,499-505.

SASSON, R. Y. Interfering images at sentence retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 56-62.

SLAK, S. Long-term retention of random sequential digital information with the aid of phonemic recoding: A case report. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33,455-460.

WICKELGREN, W. A., & BERIAN, K. M. Dual trace theory and the consolidation of long-term memory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 404-417.

WILLIAMS, J. D. Memory ensemble selection in human information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,231-238.

WOLFORD, G. Function of distinct associations for paired-associate

233

performance. Psychological Review, 1971,78,303-313.

Recognition Memory BARR-BROWN, M., & WHITE, M. J.

Sex düferences in recognition memory. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 75-76.

BURROWS, D., & OKADA, R. Serial position effects in high-speed memory search. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10, 305-308.

CHENOWETH, E. A., WILCOVE, G. L. Perceptual and linguistic encoding in recognition memory and paired-associate learning. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28, 803-806.

CLIFTON, C., JR., & GUTSCHERA, K. D. Hierarchical search of two-digit numbers in a recognition memory task. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 528-541.

COLTHEART, V. Memory for stimuli and memory for hypotheses in concept identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 102-108.

CRAIK, F. I. M. Age differences in recognition memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,23,316-323.

DaPOLITO, F., BARKER, D., & WIANT, J. Context in semantic information retrieval. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 180-182.

DAVIS, J. C., & OKADA, R. Recognition and recall of positively forgotten items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 181-186.

DONALDSON, W. Retention of item and order information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 293-296.

ELLIS, H. C., & DANIEL, T. C. Verbal processes in long-term stimul us-recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90,18-26.

FAGAN, J. F., IH. Infants' recognition memory for aseries of visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11, 244-250.

FISCHLER, 1., & JUOLA, J. F. Effects of repeated tests on recognition time for information in long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 54-58.

FRIEDMAN, M. P., REED, S. K., & CARTERETTE, E. C. Feature salience and recognition memory for schematic faces. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971,10,47-50.

HALL, J. W. Young children's memory encoding reflected in verbal discrimination learning and recognition memory performance. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 91-93.

234

SAEGERT, J. Retention interval and false recogni tion of implicit associative responses. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,511-515.

SCHULMAN, A. I. Recognition rremory for targets from a scanned word list. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 335-346.

URBANO, R. C., SCOTT, K. G., & McCARTHY, K. Recognition memory: The relationship of accuracy and latency of response under different memory loads in retardates. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 12, 270-277 .

YARMEY, A. D. Recognition memory for familiar "publie" faces: Effects of orientation and delay. Psychonomic Scienee, 1971, 24, 286-288.

Recall BENJAFIELD, J., & DOAN, B.

Similarities between memory for visually perceived relations and comparative sentences. Psychonomic Seience, 1971, 24, 255-256.

BERNBACH, H. A. Strength theory and confidenee ratings in recall. Psychologieal Review, 1971, 78, 338-340.

BRUDER, G., LATTANZIO, S., & MELTZER, J. Differences in free and serial recall of eategorized lists. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 386-391.

BUTTERFIELD, E. C., BELMONT, J. M., & PELTZMAN, D. J. Effects of recall requirement on acquisition strategy. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90,347-348.

CLARKE, P. R. F. The Pinmen Reeall Test as a measure of the individual. British Journal of Psyehology, 1971,62,381-394.

CORBALLIS, M. C., & LUTHE, L. Two-ehannel visual memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 9,361-367.

CROVITZ, H. F. The capacity of memory loci in artifieial memory. Psychonomie Seienee, 1971, 24, 187-188.

DeROSA, D. V., & BAUMGARTE, R. Probe digit reeall of items from temporally organized memory sets. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 154-158.

FOX, P. W., & DAHL, P. R. Aided retrieval of previously unrecalled information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 349-353.

FOZARD, J. L., MYERS, J. R., & WAUGH, N. C. Recalling re cent exemplars of a category. Journal of Experimental Psyehology, 1971,90, 262-267.

FROST, N. Clustering by visual shape

in the free recall of pietorial stimuli. J 0 urn al 0 f E xp eri me n tal Psychology, 1971, 88, 409-413.

HOUSTON, J. P. Proactive inhibition and undetected rehearsal. A replication. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90,156-157.

JENSEN, L. C., HARRIS, K., & ANDERSON, D. C. Retention following a change in ambient contextual stimuli for six age groups. Developmental Psychology, 1971,4,394-399.

JURCA, N. H. Reeall of nouns in sentenees as a function of noun and verb meaning changes. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,449-452.

KARCHMER, M. A., & WINOGRAD, E. Effects of studying a subset of familiar items on reeall of the remaining items: The John Brown effeet. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25,224-225.

KEPPEL, G., BONGE, D., STRAND, B. Z., & PARKER, J. Direet and indirect interference in the recall of paired associates. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 414-422.

LIEBERT, R. M., & SWENSON, S. A. Association and abstraction as mechanisms of imitative learning. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,289-294.

LOCKE, J. L., & LOCKE, V. L. Deaf children 's phonetic, visual, and dactylie eoding in a grapheme reeall task. Journal of Experimental Psyehology, 1971, 89,142-146.

LOCKE, J. L., & LOCKE, V. L. Recall of phonetically and semantically similar words by 3-year-old children. Psychonomic Science, 1971,24,189-190.

LONGSTRETH, L. E. Relationship between response learning and recall of feedback in tests of the law of effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 149-151.

MANDLER, G., & ANDERSON, R. E. Temporal and spatial eues in seriation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90,128-135.

McCULLERS, J. C. Verbal paired-associate learning in children and adults with anticipation, recognition, and recall methods. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,112-117 .

MeNICOL, D., & RYDER, L. A. Sensitivity and response bias effects in the learning of familiar and unfamiliar assoeiations by rote or with a rnnemonic. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 81-89.

METLAY, W., HANDLEY, A., & KAPLAN, I. T. Memory search through categories of varying size. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 215-219.

MORTON, J., CROWDER, R. G., &


PRUSSIN, H. A. Experiments with the stimulus suffix effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph, 1971, 91, No. 1, 169-190.

PHILIPCHALK, R. P., & ROWE, E. J. Sequential and nonsequential memory for verbal and nonverbal auditory stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 341-343.

ROSENBERG, S., & SCHILLER, W. J. Semantic coding and incidental sentence recal1. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 345-346.

SHEBILSKE, W., WILDER, L., & EPSTEIN, W. Forget instructions: Effect of selective rehearsal and categorical distinctiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89,372-378.

STEINHEISER, F. H., JR. Rehearsal and recoding of information from visual sensory-memory. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33,843-848.

THOMPSON, C. P., & ROENKER, D. L. Learning to cluster. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 136-139.

WEAVER, G. E., ROSE, R. G., & CAMP BELL, N. R. Item-specific retroactive inhibition in mixed-list comparisons of the A-B, A-C, and A-B, D-C paradigms. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,488-498.

WINOGRAD, E., CONN, C. P., & RAND, J. Superiority of complete pr es en tation to single-item presentation in recall of sequentially organized material. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 223-230.

WITELSON, S. F., & RABINOVITCH, M. S. Children's recall strategies in dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,12,106-113.

YANG, K.-S. Cognitive dissonance and recall of interrupted and completed tasks. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29,63-75.

YAROUSH, R., SULLIVAN, M. J., & EKSTRAND, B. R. Effect of sleep on memory. 11: Differential effect of the first and second half of the night. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,361-366.

YA VUZ, H. S. Development of retention and organization occurring in free recall in Turkish children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1971, 118, 203-209.

Free Recall ABRAMCZYK, R. R. Clustering and

sequential ordering in multitrial free recall as a function of meaningfulness. Psychological Reports, 1971,28,783-793.

ANDRE, T., & KULHAVY, R. W. Category clustering in the free recall


of sentences. Psychological Reports, 1971,29,631-634.

BAHRICK, H. P. Accessibility and availability of retrieval cues in the retention of a categorized list. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 117-125.

BELL, J. A., & SHAPIRO, S. I. A normative study of organizational strategies in free recall learning. P sy c h onom ic Monograph Supplements, 1971, 4(1, Whole No. 49).

BIRNBAUM, I. M., & EICHNER, J. T. Study versus test trials and long-term retention in free-recall learning. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 516-521.

BLICK, K. A., & WAlTE, C. J. A survey of mnemonie techniques used by college students in free-recall learning. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29, 76-78.

BROWN, S. C., & THOMPSON, C. P. Relationship between item strength and order of free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,444-448.

COFER, C. N., FAlLE, N. F., & HORTON, D. L. Retroactive inhibition following reinstatement or maintenance oi first-list responses by means of free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 197-205.

COLE, M., FRANKEL, F., & SHARP, D. Development of free recall learning in children. Developmental Psychology, 1971,4,109-123.

CRAIK, F. I. M., & BIRTWISTLE, J. Proactive inhibition in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 120-123.

DALRYMPLE-ALFORD, E. C. Some further observations on the measurement of clustering in free recall. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 327-334.

DARLEY, C. F., & MUR DOCK, B. B., JR. Effects of prior free recall testing on final recall and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91, 66-73.

DONALDSON, W. Output effects in multitrial free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,577-585.

FRANKEL, F., & CQLE, M. Measures of category clustering in free recall. Psychological Bulletin, 1971, 76, 39-44.

HASHER, L. Retention of free recall learning: The whole-part problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90,8-17.

HULTSCH, D. F. Adult age differences in free c1assification and free re cal!. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4, 338-342.

JOHNSTON, C. D., & JENKINS, J. J.

Two more incidental tasks that differentially affect associative clustering in recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 92-95.

KOH, S. D., VERNON, McC., & BAILEY, W. Free-recalliearning of word lists by prelingual deaf subjects. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 542-547.

KOSSUTH, G. L., CARROLL, W. R., & ROGERS, C. A. Free recall of words and objects. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4, 480.

KOWALSKI, C. S., ESSENE, K. A., SHAPIRO, S. 1., & JHANGIANI, A. K. Computer analysis of iree recall, intertrial organization, commonality oi organization, and c1ustering. Ps y c h onomic Monograph Supplements, 1971, 4(2, Whole No. 50).

KROES, W. H., & LIBBY, W. L., JR. Relative power oi taxonomie, semantic differential, and sense impression categories for the organization of free recall. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 85, 165-169.

LAURENCE, M. W., & TROTTER, M. Effect oi acoustic factors and list organization in multitrial free recall leaming of college age and elderly adults. Developmental Psychology, 1971,5,202-210.

LUEK, S. P., McLAUGHLlN, J. P., & CICALA, G. A. Effects of blocking. of input and blocking of retrieval cues on free recall learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,159-161.

McCARSON, C., & DAVES, W. F. Free recall of object names in preschool children as a function of intracategory variation. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,295.

MOELY, B. E., & SHAPIRO, S. I. Free recall and clustering at four age levels: Effects of learning to leam and presentation method. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,490.

NELSON, A. K., McRAE, B. C., & STURGES, P. T. Recall as a function of instructions and trials. J 0 u r n al 0 fEx per i m e n tal Psychology, 1971, 90, 152-153.

PATTERSON, K. E., MELTZER, R. H., & MANDLER, G.lnter-response times in categorized free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 417-426.

PELLEGRINO, J. W. A general measure of organization in free recall for variable unit size and in ternal sequential consistency. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1971, 3, 241-246.

PETERSON, M. J. lmagery and the

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grammatical classification of cues. J 0 u r n a I 0 fEx per i m e n tal Psychology, 1971,88,307-313.

ROENKER, D. L., THOMPSON, C. P., & BROWN, S. C. Comparison of measures for the estimation of clustering in free recall. Psychological Bulletin, 1971, 76, 45-48.

ROSNER, S. R. The effects of rehearsal and chunking instructions on children 's multitrial free recall. J oumal of Experimental Child Paychology, 1971, 11, 93-105.

ROYER, F. L. Spatial orientational and figural information in free recall of visual figures. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91, 326-332.

RUNDUS, D. Analysis of rehearsal processes in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 63-77.

SMITH, A. D. Output interference and organized recall from long-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10,400-408.

STEGER, J. A., & BEVEN, W. Free recall and abstractness of stimuli. Science, 1971, 172, 597-599.

WALKER, H. J. Interaction of ima gery , associative overlap, and category membership in multitrial free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,333-339.

WEENER, P. Language structure and the free recall of verbal messages by chi I d ren. Developmental Psychology, 1971,5,237-243.

WOODWARD, A. E., JR., & BJORK, R. A. Forgetting and remembering in free recall: Intentional and unintentional. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 109-116.

SHORT-TERM MEMORY BADDELEY, A. D., & LEVY, B. A.

Semantic coding and short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Paychology, 1971, 89, 132-136.

BLOCK, R. A. Effects of instructions to forget in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Paychology, 1971, 89, 1-9.

den HEYER, K., & BARRETI', B. Selective loss of visual and verbal information in STM by means of visual and verbal interpoIated tasks. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 100-102.

FERGENSON, P. E., & TEICHNER, W. H. Short-Iong·term memory in teraction with underlearned long-term storage. Journal of General PlY"chology, 1971, 85, 51-61.

GOGGIN, J., & WICKENS, D. D. Proactive interference and language change in short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning &

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Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 453-458.

HOLDING, D. H. Errors in short-term memory for number values. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 265-267.

HOPKINS, R. H., EDWARDS, R. E., & GAVELEK, J. R. Presentation modality as an encoding variable in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 319-325.

JOHNSON, D. A. Pupillary responses during a short-term memory task: Cognitive processing, arousal, or both? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90,311-318.

KLEINBERG, J., & KAUFMAN, H. Constancy in short-term memory: Bits and chunks. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 326-333.

MURDOCK, B. B., JR. Four-channel effects in short-term memory. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 197-198.

PAIVIO, A., & BEGG, 1. Imagery and associative overIap in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89,40-45.

PATRICK, J. The effect of interpolated motor activities in short-term motor memory. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1971, 3, 39-48.

PETERSON, L. R., & JOHNSON, S. T. Some effects of minimizing articulation on short-term retention. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 346-354.

PHILLIPS, W. A. Does familiarity affect transfer from an iconic to a short-term memory? Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10, 153-157.

SHULMAN, H. G. Similarity effects in short-term memory. Psychological Bulletin, 1971, 75, 399-415.

SOWARD, J. B., & MOSS, S. M. The effects of value ratio shifts on item processing in a visual search task. Journal of General Psychology, 1971,84,291-302.

SURWILLO, W .. W. Frequency of the EEG during acquisition in short-term memory. Psychophysiology, 1971, 8, 588-593.

WARD, W. C., & LEGANT, P. Naming and memory in nursery school children in the absence of rehearsal. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,174-175.

Recognition Memory CERMAK, G. W. Short-term

recognition memory for complex free-form figures. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 25, 209-211.

HENDERSON, L., & MATTHEWS, M. L. Perception and memory loss of item and order information in short-term memory. Perception &

Psychophysics, 1970,9,231-233. KIRSNER, K., & CRAIK, F. I. M.

Narning and decision processes in short-term recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88,149-157.

KLATZKY, R. L., & ATKINSON, R. C. Specialization of the cerebral hemispheres in scanning for information in short-term memory. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10, 335-338.

OKADA, R. Decision latencies in s hort-term recognition memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 27-32.

PAIVIO, A., & CSAPO, K. Short-term sequential memory for pictures and words. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24,50-51.

SHULMAN, H. G., & GREENBERG, S. N. Perceptual deficit due to division of attention between memory and perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 171-176.

WOOD, L. E. An objective test of goodness of fit of the continuous strength model in STM. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971,9,424-426.

ZECHMEISTER, E. B. Short-term recognition memory for words: Why search? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 265-273.

Recall ABRAMCZYK, R. R. Clustering and

sequential ordering in multi trial free recall as a function of meaningfulness. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28,783-793.

ANDERS, T. R. Retrospective re ports of retrieval from short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 251-257.

BUTTERFIELD, E. C., & BELMONT, J. M. Relations of storage and retrieval strategies as short-term memory processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 319-328.

COHEN, D. B. Dream recall and short-term memory. Perceptual & Motor SkiIls, 1971, 33,867-871.

CROWDER, R. G. Waiting for the stimulus suffix: Decay, delay, rhythm, and readout in immediate memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 23, 324-340.

ELLIOTT, M. C., HOYENGA, K. B., & HOYENGA, K. T. Cueing and scoring procedures in STM. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88,437-438.

ELLIS, N. R., DETI'ERMAN, D. K., RUNCIE, D., McCARVER, R. B., & CRAIG, E. M. Amnesie effects in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 357-361.


GUMMERMAN, K., & GRAY, C. R. Reeall of visually presented material: An unwonted ease and a bibliography for eidetie imagery. Psy eh onomie Monograph Supplements, 1971, 4(10, Whole No. 58).

KINTSCH, W., CROTHERS, E. J., & JORGENSEN, C. C. On the role of semantie proeessing in short-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 96-10l.

LEVY, C. M., & JOWAISAS, D. Short-term memory: Storage interference or storage decay? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 189-195.

SALZBERG, P. M., PARKS, T. E., KROLL, N. E. A., & PARKINSON, S. R. Retroactive effects of phonemic similarity on short-term recall of visual and auditory stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,43-46.

SCHEIRER, C. J. Effect of cueing, modality, and effective contiguous time on response latency in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 429-432.

TRANSFER ADAMS, J. A., MARSHALL, P. H., &

BRAY, N. W. Interference and retrieval. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 548-555.

ALLEN, D. V. Color-word interference in deaf and hearing children. Psychonomic Science, 1971,24,295-296.

BATTIG, W. F., & HUANG, S.-J. Experiment giant: Effects of five sources of variation in intratask in terference on paired-associate learning and transfer. Psychonomie Monograph Supplements, 1971, 4(9, Whole No. 57).

BOWER, A. C. Some transfer effects among eonceptual rules. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 407-410.


JACOBS, P. 1., & V ANDEVENTER, M. The learning and transfer of double-classifieation skills: A replication and extension. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,12,240-257.

JENSEN, L., DIBBLE, J., & ANDERSON, D. C. Effects of a contextual change upon retroaetive inhibition. Psychological Reports, 1971,29,39-46.

KEMLER, D. G., & SHEPP, B. E. Learning and transfer of

Psychon. Sci., 1972, Vol. 26 (4)

dimensional relevance and irrelevanee in children. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 120-127.

KINTSCH, W., CROTHERS, E. J., & JORGENSEN, C. C. On the role of semantic processing in short·term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 96-101.

LASZLO, J. 1., & BAGULEY, R. A. Motor memory and bilateral transfer. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1971,3,235-240.

LEVY, C. M., & JOWAISAS, D. Short-term memory: Storage in terference or storage decay? Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88,189-195.

MERRYMAN, C. T. Retroactive inhibition in the A-B, A-D paradigm as measured by a multiple-choice test. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 212-214.

MUIR, D., & YOUSSEF, Z. I. The transfer of interit:t:m associations in serial learning. Psychonomic Seience, 1971, 25, 69-70.

PHILLIPS, W. A. Does familiarity affeet transfer from an iconic to a short-term memory? Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10, 153-157.

POSTMAN, L. Organization and interference. Psychological Review, 1971,78,290-302.

RESNICK, L. B., SIEGEL, A. W., &

KRESH, E. Transfer and sequence in learning double cIassification skills. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11, 139-149.

SHEPP, B. E., & GRAY, V. A. Some effects of variable-within and variable-between irrelevant stimuli on dimensional learning and transfer. Journal of Experimental Psyehology, 1971,89,32-39.

SHULMAN, H. G., GREENBERG, S. N., & MARTIN, J. Intertask delay as a parameter of perceptual deficit in divided attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 439-440.

FORGETTING BADDELEY, A. D., & SCOTT, D.

Short term forgetting in the absence of proactive interference. Quarterly Journal' of Experimental Psychology,1971, 23, 275-283.

DA VIS, J. C., & OKADA, R. Recognition and recall of positively forgotten items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 181-186.

KENDLER, H. H., & WARD, J. W. Memory loss following discrimination of eonceptually related material. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,88, 435-436.

HUMAN THINKING

BART, W. M. A generalization of Piaget's logical-mathematical model for the stage of formal operations. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 539-553.

CRANDALL, J. E. Relation of epistemic curiosity to subjective uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 273-276.

DI SCIPIO, W. J. Divergent thinking: A complex function of interacting dimensions of extraversion-introversion and neurotieism-stability. Br itish Journal of Psychology, 1971,62,545-550.

FEATHER, N. T. Organization and discrepancy in cognitive structures. Psychological Review, 1971, 78, 355-379.

HAMMERTON, M. Violent exereise and a cognitive task. Ergonomies, 1971,14,265-267.

JENNINGS, J. R. Cardiac reactions and different developmental levels of cognitive functioning. Psychophysiology, 1971, 8, 433-450.

KATZ, A., WEBB, L., & STOTLAND, E. Cognitive influences on the rate of GSR extinetion. Journal of Experimental Research in

Personality, 1971, 5, 208-215. KENDLER, H. H. Environmental and

cognitive control of behavior. American Psychologist, 1971, 26, 962-973.

LIU, I.-M., & MA, H.-H. Function of intermediate responses of a behavior chain. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 295-298.

NEIMARK, E. D. An information processing approach to cognitive development. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1971,33,516-528.

SCHWARTZ, G. E. Cardiac responses to self·induced thoughts. Psychophysiology, 1971, 8, 462-467.

SIMPSON, H. M., & CLIMAN, M. H. Pupillary and electromyographic ehanges during an imagery task. Psychophysiology, 1971, 8, 483-490.

SINGER, B. F. Toward a psychology of science. American Psychologist, 1971,26,1010-1015.

TVERSKY, A., & KAHNEMAN, D. Belief in the law of small numbers. Psychological Bulletin, 1971, 76, 105-110.

YANG, K.-S. Cognitive dissonance and recall of interrupted and completed

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tasks. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29,63-75.

VERBAL PROCESSES ARNOLD, J. B. A multidimensional

scaling study of semantic distance. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph, 1971, 90, No. 2, 349-372.

BAHRICK, H. P., & BAHRICK, P. Independence of verbal and visual codes of the same stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,344-346.

CHAP ANIS, A. Prelude to 2001 : Explorations in human communication. American Psychologist, 1971, 26, 949-961.

ELLIS, H. C., & DANIEL, T. C. Verbal processes in long-term stimulus-recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 18-26.

GARVILL, J., & MOLANDER, B. Verbal mediation effects in cross-modal transfer. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 449-457.

JENSEN , A. R. The role of verbal mediation in mental development. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1971,118,39-70.

KINSBOURNE, M., & COOK, J. Generalized and lateralized effects of concurrent verbalization on a unimanual skill. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 23,341-345.

LOFTUS, E. F., & SCHEFF, R. W. Categorization norms for fifty representative instances. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monograph, 1971,91,355-364.

MANIS, M., & ARMSTRONG, G. W. Contrast effects in verbal output. Journal of Experimental Social Paychology, 1971, 7, 381-388.

MEYER, D. E., & SCHVANEVELDT, R. W. Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: Evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 227-234.

OVERTON, W. F., & JORDAN, R. Stimulus preference and multiplicative classification in chi I d ren. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 505-510.

SHAFFER, L. H., & FRENCH, A. Coding factors in transcription. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 23, 268-274.

VELLUTINO, F. R. Verbal response stereotypy as a function of psychological and physiological drive. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971,33,851-858.

WEBER, R. J., & BLAGOWSKY, J. D. Metered memory search and concurrent chanting. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 162-170.

WILKINS, A. J. Conjoint frequency,

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category size, and categorization time. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 382-385.

YOUNISS, J., FURTH, H. G., & ROSS, B. M. Logical symbol use in deaf and hearing children and adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 511-517.

Association BARTHOLOMEUS, B. N., &

DOEHRING, D. G. Effect of stimulus order on verbal and non verbal visual-au d i tory association. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 891-897.

BROWN, W. P. A retrospective study of stimulus variables in word association. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10,355-366.

ERNEST, C. H., & PAiVIO, A. Imagery and verbal associative latencies as a function of imagery ability. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25,83-90.

GILLMAN, I. S., & GILLMAN, S. I. Associative strength and class membership as factors in concept formation. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 84, 313-316.


HUNT, K. P., & HODGE, M. H. Category-item frequency and category-name meaningfulness (m'): Taxonomic norms for 84 categories. Psychonomic Monograph Supplements, 1971, 4(6, Whole No. 54).

INNES, J. M. Word association, associative structure and manifest anxiety. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 519-525.

KANUNGO, R. N., & DUTTA, S. Measure of communicative meaning of words: The semantic consensus index. Psychological Reports, 1971, 29,295-306.

LIPPMAN, M. Z. Correlates of contrast word associations: Developmental trends. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,392-399.

PALERMO, D. S. Characteristics of word association responses obtained from children in grades one through four. Developmental Psychology, 1971,5,118-123.

PENK, W. Developmental changes in idiodynamic set responses of ch ildren's word associations. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5,55-63.

SATTLER, J. M. Verbal conditioning of common associations and need

for approval. Journal of General Psychology, 1971,84,281-290.

WINTERS, J. J., JR., & KAHN, H. Word-association norms: A comparison of adolescent mental retardates and normals. Psychonomic Monograph Supplements, 1971,4(8, Whole No. 56).

Language ANDERSON, R. C. Encoding

processes in the storage and retrieval of sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 338-340.

BEISWENGER, H. Linguistic and psychological factors in the speech regulation of behavior in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11, 63·75.

C LARK, H. H. More about "adj ectives, comparatives, and syllogisms": A reply to Huttenlocher and Higgins. Psychological Review, 1971, 78, 505-514.

CLEGG, J. M. Verbal transformations on repeated listening to so me English consonants. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 303-309.

CORNISH, E. R. Pragmatic aspects of negation in sentence evaluation and completion tasks. British Journal of Psychology, 1971, 62, 505-511.

CROMER, R. F. The development of the ability to decenter in time. Br itish Journal of Psychology, 1971,62,353-365.

ESPOSITO, N. J., & PELTON, L. H. Review of the measurement of semantic satiation. Psychological Bulletin, 1971, 75,330·346.

FURTH, H. G. Linguistic deficiency and thinking: Research with deaf subjects 1964-1969. Psychological Bulletin, 1971, 76, 58-72.

GOGGIN, J., & WICKENS, D. D. Proactive interference and language change in short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Leaming & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 453-458.

HONECK, R. P. A study of paraphrases. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10,367-381.

HUTTENLOCHER, J., & HIGGINS, E. T. Adjectives, comparatives, and syllogisms. Psychological Review, 1971,78,487-504.

KATZ, P. A., ALBERT, J., & ATKINS, M. Mediation and perceptual transfer in children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,268-276.

KINTSCH, W., CROTHERS, E. J., & JORGENSEN, C. C. On the role of semantic processing in short-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 96-101.

KUUSINEN, J., & SALIN, E.

Psychon. Sci., 1972, Vol. 26 (4)

Children's learning of unfamiliar phonological sequences. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 559-562.

LOCKE, J. L., & LOCKE, V. L. Recall of phonetically and semantically similar words by 3-year-old children. Psychonomic Science, 1971,24,189-190.

LOVELACE, E. A., & SNODGRASS, R. D. Decision times for alphabetic order of letter pairs. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 88, 258-264.

MACNAMARA, J., & KUSHNIR, S. L. Linguistic independence of bilinguals: The input switch. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 480-487.

MARTIN, C., & OLSON, D. Variety of exemplars versus linguistic contexts in concept attainment in young children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 13-17.

McGUIGAN, F. J. Covert linguistic behavior in deaf subjects during thinking. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 1971,75, 417-420.

OLSON, G. A., & KAUSLER, D. H. Orthographie distinctiveness of homonyms. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1971, 3,298-299.

PETERSON, L. R., & JOHNSON, S. T. Some effects of minimizing articulation on short-term retention. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 346-354.

TA YLOR, 1. How are words from two languages organized in biJinguals' memory? Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971, 25,228-240.

WARREN, R. M. Identification times for phonemic components of graded complexity and for spelling of speech. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971,9,345-349.

Syntax and Grammar AMMON, P. R., OSTROWSKI, B., &

ALWARD, K. Effects of task on the perceptual organization of sentences. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10, 361-363.

BENJAFIELD, J., & DOAN, B. Similarities between memory for visually perceived relations and comparative sentences. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 255-256.

HAKES, D. T. Does verb structure affect sentence comprehension? Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 10,229-232.

JURCA, N. H. Recall of nouns in senten ces as a function of noun and verb meaning changes. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,449-452.

RODD, L. J., & BRAlNE, M. D. S. Children's imitations of syntactic


constructions as a measure of linguistic competence. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971,10,430-443.

TUINMAN, J., & HAFNER, L. E. Information value of adjectives in relation to their position in sentences. Psychological Reports, 1971,28,987-990.

WEENER, P. Language structure and the free recall of verbal messages by children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 237-243.

Speech CONRAD, R. The chronology of the

development of covert speech in children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 398-405.

JARVELLA, R. J. Syntactic processing of connected speech. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10, 409-416.

KLAPP, S. T. Implicit speech inferred from response latencies in same-different decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91, 262-267.

KUNIHIRA, S. Effects of the expressive voice on phonetic symbolism. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 1971, 10,427-429.

SALTER, D., & CLARKSON, J. K. Evidence for a time constant in rate of speech under delayed auditory feedback. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 23, 261-267.

WEISS, R. F., BOYER, J. L., COLWICK, J. T., & MORAN, D. J. A delay of reinforcement gradient and correlated reinforcement in the instrumental conditioning of conversational behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 33-38.

PROBLEM SOL VING BERZONSKY, M. D. Interdependence

of Inhelder and Piaget's model of logical thinking. Developmental Psychology, 1971,4,469-476.

BREHMER, B. Subjects' ability to use functional rules. Psychonomic Science, 1971, 24, 259-260.

COATES, G. D., ALLUISI, E. A., & MORGAN, B. B., JR. Trends in problem-solving research: Twelve recently described tasks. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 495-505.

CROLL, W. L. Decision processes in multidimensional generalization. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971,11,206-212.

DOUGLASS, H. J., & BOURNE, L. E., JR. Chronological age and performance on problems with repeated presolution shifts. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,329·333.

FALMAGNE, R. Concept identification: Effect of the intertrial interval on the efficacy and consistency of information processing. Journal of Mathemati.cal Psychology, 1971, 8, 240-247.

FELFOLDY, G. L., & GARNER, W. R. The effects on speeded classification of implicit and explicit instructions regarding redundant dimensions. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 9, 289-292.

FERENCE, T. P. Feedback and conflict as determinants of influence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1971, 7,1-16.

FISHER, M. A. A note on the generalization of some results in hypothesis sampling theory. Journal of MathematicaJ Psychology, 1971, 8,235-239.

FRIEDRICHS, A. G., HERTZ, T. W., MOYNAHAN, E. D., SIMPSON, W. E., ARNOLD, M. R., CHRISTY, M. D., COOPER, C. R., & STEVENSON, H. W. Interrelations among learning and performance tasks at the preschool level. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,164-172.

GUTHRIE, J. T. The effect of two types of verbal hierarchy on problem solving. Journal of General Psychology, 1971, 84, 213-218.

JENSEN, A. R. The role of verbal mediation in mental development. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1971,118,39-70.

JONES, M. R. Effects of context on lower order rule learning in sequential prediction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,91, 103-109.

KARPF, D., & LEVINE, M. Blank·trial probes and introtacts in human discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 90, 51-55.

MAlER, N. R. F., & CASSELMAN, G. G. Problem·solving ability as a factor in selection of major in college study: Comparison of the processes of "idea-getting" and "making essential distinctions" in males and females. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28, 503-514.

MORGAN, B. B., JR., & ALLUISI, E. A. Acquisition and performance of a problem-solving skill. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 515-523.

ODOM, R. D., & MUMBAUER, C. C. Dimensional salience and identification of the relevant dimension in problem solving: A developmental study. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4,135-140.

PARKMAN, J. M., & GROEN, G. J. Temporal aspects of simple addition and comparison. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 335-342.

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PETERSON, M. J., & ALLER, S. Arithmetic problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,93-97.

RAPOPORT, A., & BURKHEIMER, G. J. Models for deferred decision making. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971,8,508-538.

SAWYER, C. R., & JOHNSON, P. J. Conditional and biconditional rule difficulty under selection and reception conditiona. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,89, 424-426.

SCHWARTZ, S. H. Modes of representation and problem solving: wen evolved is half solved. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 91,347-350.

SIMON, H. A., & NEWELL, A. Human problem solving: The state of the theory in 1970. American Psychologist, 1971, 26, 145-159.

YANDO, R., & ZIGLER, E. Outerdirectedness in the problem-solving of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized normal and retarded children. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4, 277-288.

ZERN, D. The "mental step" hypothesis in solving verbal problems: Effects of variations in question-phrasing on a grade school population. Developmental Psychology, 1971,4,103-104.

Decision Processes LEWIS, P., & BLANCHARD, E. B.

Perception of choice and locus of con hol. Psychological Reports, 1971,28,67-70.

LUPFER, M., & JONES, M. Risk taking as a function of skill and chance orientations. Psychological Reports, 1971, 28, 27-33.

MEEKER, B. F. Value conflict in social exchange: A Markov model. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 389-403.

O'DONNELL, C. R., & BROWN, L. T. Post-decision changes in time spent viewing chosen and rejected alternatives. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1971,25,1-6.

POLLATSEK, A. The inconsistency of expected utility theory with certain classes of single-peaked preference functions. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8:225-234.

ROBERTS, F. S. Homogeneous families of serniorders and the theory of probabilistic consistency. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 248-263.

RUMELHART, D. L., & GREENO, J. G. Similarity between stimuli: An experimental test of the Luce and Restle choice models. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1971, 8, 370-381.

STANNERS, R. F., FORBACH, G. B., & HEADLEY, D. B. Decision and

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search processes in word-nonword classification. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971,90, 45-50.

CONCEPTS AlKEN, L. S., & BROWN, D. R. A

feature utilization analysis of the perception of pattern c1ass structure. Perception & Psychophysics, 1971, 9, 279-283.

BOWER, A. C. Some transfer effects arnong conceptual rules. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1971, 89, 407-410.

BOWER, T. G. R., BROUGHTON, J., & MOORE, M. K. Development of the object concept as manifested in changes in the tracking behavior of infants between 7 and 20 weeks of age. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1971, 11,182-193.

BRAINERD, C. J., & ALLEN, T. W. Experimental inductions of the conservation of "first-order" quantitative invariants. Psychological Bulletin, 1971, 75, 128-144.

EDWARDS, J. D., & OSTROM, T. M. Cognitive structure of neutral attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1971, 7, 36-47.

GARRETTSON, J. Cognitive style and c1assification. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1971, 119, 79-87.

GUTTMAN, R., & KAHNEMAN, I. Sex and age differences in pattern organization in a figural-conceptual task. Developmental Psychology, 1971,5,446-453.

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